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Article ; Online: Mental health challenges faced by autistic people.

Lai, Meng-Chuan

Nature human behaviour

2023 Volume 7, Issue 10, Page(s) 1620–1637

Abstract: Mental health challenges impede the well-being of autistic people. This Review outlines contributing neurodevelopmental and physical health conditions, rates and developmental trajectories of mental health challenges experienced by autistic people, as ... ...

Abstract	Mental health challenges impede the well-being of autistic people. This Review outlines contributing neurodevelopmental and physical health conditions, rates and developmental trajectories of mental health challenges experienced by autistic people, as well as unique clinical presentations. A framework is proposed to consider four contributing themes to aid personalized formulation: social-contextual determinants, adverse life experiences, autistic cognitive features, and shared genetic and early environmental predispositions. Current evidence-based and clinical-knowledge-informed intervention guidance and ongoing development of support are highlighted for specific mental health areas. Tailored mental health support for autistic people should be neurodivergence-informed, which is fundamentally humanistic and compatible with the prevailing bio-psycho-social frameworks. The personalized formulation should be holistic, considering physical health and transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental factors, intellectual and communication abilities, and contextual-experiential determinants and their interplay with autistic cognition and biology, alongside resilience. Supporting family well-being is integral. Mutual empathic understanding is fundamental to creating societies in which people across neurotypes are all empowered to thrive.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Mental Health ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2397-3374
ISSN (online)	2397-3374
DOI	10.1038/s41562-023-01718-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Bridging Gaps Between Sex and Gender in Neurosciences

Duchesne, Annie / Lai, Meng-Chuan / Einstein, Gillian / Pletzer, Belinda / Pavlova, Marina A.

2020

Keywords	Science: general issues ; Neurosciences ; sex ; gender ; gonadal hormones ; epigenetic ; cognition ; stress ; pain ; brain injury
Size	1 electronic resource (180 pages)
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021230386
ISBN	9782889638659 ; 2889638650
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Clinical reflections on the intersections of autism and personality development.

Lai, Meng-Chuan

Autism : the international journal of research and practice

2022 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 739–742

MeSH term(s)	Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Humans ; Personality Development
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1338513-6
ISSN	1461-7005 ; 1362-3613
ISSN (online)	1461-7005
ISSN	1362-3613
DOI	10.1177/13623613221088073
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Article ; Online: Enhancing access to autism diagnostic services for children in the community.

Penner, Melanie / Lai, Meng-Chuan

Autism : the international journal of research and practice

2023 Volume 27, Issue 8, Page(s) 2201–2204

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1338513-6
ISSN	1461-7005 ; 1362-3613
ISSN (online)	1461-7005
ISSN	1362-3613
DOI	10.1177/13623613231201212
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Article ; Online: Editorial: Meaningfully Stratifying the Autism Spectra.

Lai, Meng-Chuan

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

2020 Volume 59, Issue 12, Page(s) 1324–1326

Abstract: Autism, historically considered rare, is now recognized as a neurodevelopmental diagnosis with a population prevalence of 1%-2%, comprising several domains of characteristics widely distributed in the general population. The broadening of the diagnostic ... ...

Abstract	Autism, historically considered rare, is now recognized as a neurodevelopmental diagnosis with a population prevalence of 1%-2%, comprising several domains of characteristics widely distributed in the general population. The broadening of the diagnostic concept into the autism spectrum over the past few decades is associated with reduced neurocognitive differences between people with and without a diagnosis, and this has been argued to risk reducing our ability to understand mechanisms underlying autism.
MeSH term(s)	Amygdala ; Anxiety Disorders ; Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; Humans ; Psychopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	392535-3
ISSN	1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
ISSN (online)	1527-5418
ISSN	0890-8567
DOI	10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.002
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Article ; Online: The dimensional structure of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and predictors of camouflaging in a representative general population sample.

Ai, Wei / Cunningham, William A / Lai, Meng-Chuan

Comprehensive psychiatry

2023 Volume 128, Page(s) 152434

Abstract: Objectives: Some autistic people "camouflage" their differences by modeling neurotypical behaviors to survive in a neurotypical-dominant social world. It remains elusive whether camouflaging is unique to autism or if it entails similar experiences ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Some autistic people "camouflage" their differences by modeling neurotypical behaviors to survive in a neurotypical-dominant social world. It remains elusive whether camouflaging is unique to autism or if it entails similar experiences across human groups as part of ubiquitous impression management (IM). Here we examined camouflaging engagement and theoretical drivers in the general population, drawing on the transactional IM framework and contextualizing findings within both contemporary autism research and the past IM literature. Methods: A large representative U.S. general population sample (N = 972) completed this survey study. We combined exploratory item factor analysis and graph analysis to triangulate the dimensional structure of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and examined its correspondence with prior autism-enriched psychometric findings. We then employed hierarchical regression and elastic-net regression to identify the predictors of camouflaging, including demographic (e.g., age, gender), neurodivergence (i.e., autistic and ADHD traits), socio-motivational, and cognitive factors. Results: We found a three-factor/dimensional structure of the CAT-Q in the general population, nearly identical to that found in previous autism-enriched samples. Significant socio-motivational predictors of camouflaging included greater social comparison, greater public self-consciousness, greater internalized social stigma, and greater social anxiety. These camouflaging drivers overlap with findings in recent autistic camouflaging studies and prior IM research. Conclusions: The novel psychometric and socio-motivational evidence demonstrates camouflaging as a shared social coping experience across the general population, including autistic people. This continuity guides a clearer understanding of camouflaging and has key implications for autism scholars, clinicians, and the broader clinical intersecting with social psychology research. Future research areas are mapped to elucidate how camouflaging/IM manifests and functions within person-environment transactions across social-identity and clinical groups.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis ; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Emotions ; Motivation ; Fear
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	127556-2
ISSN	1532-8384 ; 0010-440X
ISSN (online)	1532-8384
ISSN	0010-440X
DOI	10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152434
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Zs.B 106: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Factors mediating pre-existing autism diagnosis and later suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A follow-up cohort study.

Chang, Jung-Chi / Lai, Meng-Chuan / Chang, Shu-Sen / Gau, Susan Shur-Fen

Autism : the international journal of research and practice

2024 , Page(s) 13623613231223626

Abstract: Lay abstract: Autistic people are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The underlying relationships between potential risk factors and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in autistic individuals remain unclear. To understand this, we ... ...

Abstract	Lay abstract: Autistic people are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The underlying relationships between potential risk factors and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in autistic individuals remain unclear. To understand this, we investigated whether specific factors in childhood/youth explain the effects of pre-existing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses on later suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence/adulthood. We assessed internalizing and externalizing problems, bullying experiences, and executive functions (including cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, and spatial working memory) at an average baseline age of 13.4 years and suicidal thoughts and behaviors at an average follow-up age of 19.2 years among 129 autistic and 121 typically developing (TD) individuals. During the follow-up period in adolescence/adulthood, autistic individuals were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than TD individuals. Being bullied partially accounted for the relationship between a pre-existing ASD diagnosis and later-reported higher suicidal thoughts. Contrary to our hypothesis, higher (instead of lower) cognitive flexibility in some autistic young people appeared to partially explain their higher rates of suicidal thoughts compared with typically developing young people. The findings imply that school bullying prevention and tailored intervention programs for autistic people, especially those with higher cognitive flexibility, are warranted to reduce their risks of experiencing suicidal thoughts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1338513-6
ISSN	1461-7005 ; 1362-3613
ISSN (online)	1461-7005
ISSN	1362-3613
DOI	10.1177/13623613231223626
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Article ; Online: Sex-differential patterns of neuropsychological functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Lin, Yu-Ju / Lai, Meng-Chuan / Yang, Li-Kuang / Gau, Susan Shur-Fen

Comprehensive psychiatry

2024 Volume 131, Page(s) 152464

Abstract: Background: The sex-differential prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies across the lifespan, but little is known about sex differences in executive functions in adults with ADHD.: Methods: We assessed 261 adults, aged 18- ...

Abstract	Background: The sex-differential prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies across the lifespan, but little is known about sex differences in executive functions in adults with ADHD. Methods: We assessed 261 adults, aged 18-40 years, diagnosed with ADHD (170 males [assigned at birth], aged 25.81 ± 5.49; 91 females, aged 27.76 ± 5.42) and 308 neurotypical adults (176 males, aged 24.62 ± 5.14; 132 female, aged 25.37 ± 5.42) via psychiatric interviews to confirm ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses. They were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) on Reaction Time (arousal/processing speed), Rapid Visual Information Processing (sustained attention), Spatial Span (spatial memory), Spatial Working Memory, Intradimentional/Extradimensional Shift (set-shifting), and Stocking of Cambridge (spatial planning). The primary analyses were adjusted for age, full-scale IQ, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Results: Adults with ADHD had various co-occurring psychiatric conditions without sex differences in ADHD-neurotypical differences. Both adult males and females with ADHD performed poorer in all CANTAB tasks than same-sex neurotypical adults. Significant sex-moderating effects were observed in neuropsychological performance, including greater ADHD-neurotypical differences in arousal for females than males and in location memory for spatial tasks in males than females. Conclusion: There were no sex-moderating effects in the presence of co-occurring psychiatric conditions in adult ADHD. However, there were sex-moderating effects on how ADHD related to neuropsychological functioning in adulthood. ADHD was associated with more challenges in arousal/processing speed in females and more challenges in strategy use or inhibition in spatial memory in males.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Executive Function/physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Attention
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	127556-2
ISSN	1532-8384 ; 0010-440X
ISSN (online)	1532-8384
ISSN	0010-440X
DOI	10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152464
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Article ; Online: Reconsidering autistic 'camouflaging' as transactional impression management.

Ai, Wei / Cunningham, William A / Lai, Meng-Chuan

Trends in cognitive sciences

2022 Volume 26, Issue 8, Page(s) 631–645

Abstract: Social performances pervade human interactions. Some autistic people describe their social performances as 'camouflaging' and engage in these performances to mitigate social challenges and survive in the neurotypical world. Here, we reconsider autistic ... ...

Abstract	Social performances pervade human interactions. Some autistic people describe their social performances as 'camouflaging' and engage in these performances to mitigate social challenges and survive in the neurotypical world. Here, we reconsider autistic camouflaging under the unifying framework of impression management (IM) by examining overlapping and unique motivations, neurocognitive mechanisms, and consequences. Predictive coding and Bayesian principles are synthesized into a computational model of IM that applies to autistic and neurotypical people. Throughout, we emphasize the inherently transactional, context-dependent nature of IM, the distinct computational challenges faced by autistic people, and the psychological toll that compelled IM can take. Viewing camouflaging through this lens highlights the pressing needs to change societal attitudes, destigmatize autism, refine social skills-building programs for autistic individuals, and integrate these programs with environment-focused support.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Autistic Disorder/therapy ; Bayes Theorem ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2010989-1
ISSN	1879-307X ; 1364-6613
ISSN (online)	1879-307X
ISSN	1364-6613
DOI	10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.002
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Article ; Online: Familism and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Taiwan: The Mediating Roles of Stressful Life Events and Coping Strategies.

Chuang, Deng-Min / Newman, Peter A / Fang, Lin / Lai, Meng-Chuan

AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education

2022 Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–S2

Abstract: Familism may play an important role in HIV risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in a collectivist culture. This study examined a hypothesized path from familism, stressful life events (i.e., adverse childhood experiences, intimate ... ...

Abstract	Familism may play an important role in HIV risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in a collectivist culture. This study examined a hypothesized path from familism, stressful life events (i.e., adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and sexuality-related discriminatory experiences), and coping strategies to condomless anal sex (CAS) among Taiwanese MSM. Participants were 1,000 MSM (mean age = 28.5 years) recruited through five community-based organizations. Structural equation modeling using bootstrapping with 3,000 iterations evaluated the mediating effects of 14 coping strategies. We found a pathway from familism to CAS through stressful life events and substance use coping. The protective effects of familism on stressful life events and CAS suggest that integrating components of family support and family connection into HIV prevention and education programs may increase the effectiveness of these programs in reducing HIV risk behaviors and dysfunctional coping strategies among MSM in Taiwan.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Taiwan/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1075448-9
ISSN	1943-2755 ; 0899-9546
ISSN (online)	1943-2755
ISSN	0899-9546
DOI	10.1521/aeap.2022.34.1.1
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