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  1. Article ; Online: Breast Implant Infections: An Update.

    Lalani, Tahaniyat

    Infectious disease clinics of North America

    2018  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 877–884

    Abstract: Prosthetic breast implantation is a common surgical procedure for augmentation and reconstruction after mastectomy. The incidence of implant infection is 1% to 2.5% and is higher for reconstruction following mastectomy compared with augmentation. Most ... ...

    Abstract Prosthetic breast implantation is a common surgical procedure for augmentation and reconstruction after mastectomy. The incidence of implant infection is 1% to 2.5% and is higher for reconstruction following mastectomy compared with augmentation. Most infections are caused by gram-positive pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, Cutibacterium species, Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci. Acute infections are usually associated with fever and breast pain, erythema, and drainage. Subacute infections may present with chronic pain, persistent drainage, failed healing of the incision site, or migration of the implant. Depending on severity of infection, patients are started on empiric intravenous or oral antibiotics and closely monitored.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Implantation/adverse effects ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/therapy ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077676-x
    ISSN 1557-9824 ; 0891-5520
    ISSN (online) 1557-9824
    ISSN 0891-5520
    DOI 10.1016/j.idc.2018.06.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The Impact of Infectious Disease Syndromes on Activities During Military Travel.

    Boatwright, Michael A / Kuo, Huai-Ching / Lindholm, David A / Griffith, Tara / Colombo, Rhonda E / Tribble, David R / O'Connell, Robert / Lalani, Tahaniyat

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 9, Page(s) ofad461

    Abstract: Background: We evaluated the impact of infectious disease (ID) syndromes on US active duty (AD) servicemembers returning from overseas deployment (DEP), military training exercises (EXR), or short-term military travel (eg, temporary assignment of duty [ ... ...

    Abstract Background: We evaluated the impact of infectious disease (ID) syndromes on US active duty (AD) servicemembers returning from overseas deployment (DEP), military training exercises (EXR), or short-term military travel (eg, temporary assignment of duty [TDY]).
    Methods: We conducted a survey-based assessment of US AD servicemembers returning from DEP, EXR, or TDY between 2015 and 2019. Subjects completed a post-travel survey capturing symptoms of travelers' diarrhea (TD), influenza-like illness (ILI), and febrile illness (FI). Risk factors associated with any ID syndrome (ie, either TD, ILI, or FI) that impacted daily activities were assessed using a logistic regression model with backward selection.
    Results: One-third of servicemembers (654/1822) experienced an ID syndrome, and 26% (471/1822) reported a ≥50% reduction in activity level due to an ID syndrome (median duration, 3 days). TD was the most common ID syndrome experienced and accounted for 73% (346/471) of ID syndromes impacting daily activities. The greatest impact of ID syndromes was observed in servicemembers on DEP. Compared with servicemembers on EXR or TDY, those on DEP had a longer duration of travel and a delayed period of risk for ID syndromes. Multivariate analysis identified high-risk exposures (ie, environmental exposures, close contact with locals, consuming food from street vendors) and behaviors (ie, inability to sanitize hands before meals) that could be used to inform mitigation strategies.
    Conclusions: ID syndromes result in a significant loss of productivity during military travel. Addressing modifiable risk factors and access to TD self-treatment in high-risk settings may help mitigate the impact of ID threats during military travel.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofad461
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Low Level Viremia Is Associated With Serious non-AIDS Events in People With HIV.

    Ganesan, Anuradha / Hsieh, Hsing-Chuan / Chu, Xiuping / Colombo, Rhonda E / Berjohn, Catherine / Lalani, Tahaniyat / Yabes, Joseph / Joya, Christie A / Blaylock, Jason / Agan, Brian K

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) ofae147

    Abstract: Background: The consequences of low-level viremia in people with HIV are unclear. We used data from the US Military HIV Natural History Study to examine the association of low-level viremia (LLV) and serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs).: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: The consequences of low-level viremia in people with HIV are unclear. We used data from the US Military HIV Natural History Study to examine the association of low-level viremia (LLV) and serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs).
    Methods: Included participants initiated antiretroviral therapy after 1996 and had ≥3 viral loads (VLs) measured, using an assay with a lower limit of detection of <50 copies/mL, ≥6 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation. VLs were categorized as lower levels of LLV (51-199 copies/mL), higher level of low-level viremia (HLLV; 200-999 copies/mL), and (VF; ≥200 copies/mL on 2 or more successive determinations or a single VL ≥1000 copies/mL), and virologic suppression (VS; ie, VL <50 copies/mL). Viral blips (ie, VLs between 50 and 999 copies/mL that are preceded and succeeded by VL <50 copies/mL) were analyzed in the VS category. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of LLV and SNAEs, adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are presented.
    Results: A total of 439 (17.4%) SNAEs were recorded among the 2528 participants (93% male, 40% Caucasian, 43% African American) followed for a median of 11 years. In 8.5% and 4.6% of the participants, respectively, LLV and HLLV were the highest recorded viremia strata. Compared with VS, SNAEs were associated with LLV (1.3 [1.2-1.4]), HLLV (1.6 [1.5-1.7]), and virologic failure (1.7 [1.7-1.8]).
    Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that LLV is associated with the occurrence of SNAEs and needs further study.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofae147
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  4. Article ; Online: Mortality and timing of surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis--reply.

    Lalani, Tahaniyat / Wang, Andrew

    JAMA internal medicine

    2014  Volume 174, Issue 3, Page(s) 480–481

    MeSH term(s) Endocarditis, Bacterial/mortality ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/therapy ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/mortality ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 2699338-7
    ISSN 2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
    ISSN (online) 2168-6114
    ISSN 2168-6106
    DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13684
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  5. Article: Travel-Related Risk Behaviors and Antibiotic Use Among Older Travelers.

    Costello, Varea H / Tribble, David / Eickhoff, Christa / Tilley, D Hamilton / Utz, Gregory / Telu, Kalyani / Ganesan, Anuradha / Fraser, Jamie / Lalani, Tahaniyat

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 8, Page(s) ofab395

    Abstract: Background: Antibiotic stewardship in the pretravel care of older adults is important to effectively treat infections while minimizing harm from side effects and unnecessary antibiotic use. The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics, ...

    Abstract Background: Antibiotic stewardship in the pretravel care of older adults is important to effectively treat infections while minimizing harm from side effects and unnecessary antibiotic use. The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics, risk behaviors, infectious diseases, and antibiotic use between older (≥60 years) and younger (18-59 years) travelers.
    Methods: TravMil is a prospective, observational cohort of United States (US) Department of Defense beneficiaries traveling outside the continental US for ≤6.5 months. For this analysis, we included adults enrolled pretravel between January 2010 and August 2018 and excluded active duty personnel on deployment. Pre and post-travel surveys captured trip characteristics, exposures, illnesses, and antibiotic use.
    Results: A total of 1742 travelers were analyzed: 747 (42.9%) were aged ≥60 years and 995 (57.1%) were aged 18-59 years. Older travelers were less likely to engage in high-risk dietary behaviors and experience travelers' diarrhea than younger travelers (18.2% vs 22.9%;
    Conclusions: Older travelers were less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors and experience travelers' diarrhea, and both age groups experienced mild, self-limited infections. Inappropriate use of antibiotics was common, suggesting that antimicrobial stewardship should be emphasized at pretravel counseling with international travelers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofab395
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  6. Article ; Online: Deployment Infectious Disease Threats: IDCRP Initiatives and Vision Forward.

    Lalani, Tahaniyat / Fraser, Jamie / Riddle, Mark S / Gutierrez, Ramiro L / Hickey, Patrick W / Tribble, David R

    Military medicine

    2019  Volume 184, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 26–34

    Abstract: Background: Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to health and readiness of military personnel deployed globally during wartime and peacekeeping activities. Surveillance and improvement in mitigation through research of infectious disease ... ...

    Abstract Background: Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to health and readiness of military personnel deployed globally during wartime and peacekeeping activities. Surveillance and improvement in mitigation through research of infectious disease threats remain an integral part of Force Health Protection. Herein, we review research efforts of the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program related to deployment and travel-related infections.
    Methods: The objectives of the Deployment and Travel-Related Infections Research Area are to (1) provide epidemiologic and clinical data, including pathogen-specific estimates of disease incidence among deployed troops, (2) execute clinical trials and effectiveness studies to improve recommendations regarding prevention and treatment of infections during deployment, and (3) evaluate the knowledge and practice patterns of health care providers engaged in deployment/travel medicine and the impact on outcomes. The centerpiece protocol of the research area is the Deployment and Travel-Related Infectious Disease Risk Assessment, Outcomes, and Prevention Strategies cohort study (TravMil), which was initiated in 2010 and collects data on a broad range of deployment-related infections.
    Results: To date, 4,154 deployed military personnel and traveling Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries have been enrolled in TravMil. Surveillance data collected through the TravMil study provide assessment of deployment and travel-related infectious disease threats, and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. The incidence of travelers' diarrhea, influenza-like illness, and undifferentiated febrile illness is 20.48%, 9.34%, and 6.16%, respectively. The cohort study also provides necessary infrastructure to execute clinical trials. The TrEAT TD clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of single-dose antibiotic therapy for travelers' diarrhea in the deployed setting. When compared to levofloxacin, azithromycin was not inferior; however, inferiority was not demonstrated with use of single dose of rifaximin. The trial findings supported the development of a deployment-related health guideline for the management of acute diarrheal disease. A clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of rifaximin for prevention for travelers' diarrhea (Prevent TD) is underway.
    Conclusions: The research area has proven its ability to conduct impactful research, including the development of field-expedient diagnostics, the largest DoD multi-site travelers' diarrhea randomized control trial in peacetime and combat settings, and informed Force Health Protection guidance. The research area continues to provide surveillance data to military commands via an established collaborative network of military treatment facilities, DoD laboratories (both within and outside the continental United States), foreign militaries, and academia. The conduct of clinical and translational research in a deployment setting presents significant challenges, most notably in recruitment/enrollment and compliance with study-related procedures during deployment.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Laboratory Techniques/trends ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Military Medicine/methods ; Military Medicine/statistics & numerical data ; Travel Medicine/methods ; Travel Medicine/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Warfare/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 391061-1
    ISSN 1930-613X ; 0026-4075
    ISSN (online) 1930-613X
    ISSN 0026-4075
    DOI 10.1093/milmed/usz182
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  7. Article ; Online: Gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance effects during travelers' diarrhea treatment and prevention.

    Blake, Kevin S / Schwartz, Drew J / Paruthiyil, Srinand / Wang, Bin / Ning, Jie / Isidean, Sandra D / Burns, Daniel S / Whiteson, Harris / Lalani, Tahaniyat / Fraser, Jamie A / Connor, Patrick / Troth, Tom / Porter, Chad K / Tribble, David R / Riddle, Mark S / Gutiérrez, Ramiro L / Simons, Mark P / Dantas, Gautam

    mBio

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e0279023

    Abstract: Importance: The travelers' gut microbiome is potentially assaulted by acute and chronic perturbations (e.g., diarrhea, antibiotic use, and different environments). Prior studies of the impact of travel and travelers' diarrhea (TD) on the microbiome have ...

    Abstract Importance: The travelers' gut microbiome is potentially assaulted by acute and chronic perturbations (e.g., diarrhea, antibiotic use, and different environments). Prior studies of the impact of travel and travelers' diarrhea (TD) on the microbiome have not directly compared antibiotic regimens, and studies of different antibiotic regimens have not considered travelers' microbiomes. This gap is important to be addressed as the use of antibiotics to treat or prevent TD-even in moderate to severe cases or in regions with high infectious disease burden-is controversial based on the concerns for unintended consequences to the gut microbiome and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. Our study addresses this by evaluating the impact of defined antibiotic regimens (single-dose treatment or daily prophylaxis) on the gut microbiome and resistomes of deployed servicemembers, using samples collected during clinical trials. Our findings indicate that the antibiotic treatment regimens that were studied generally do not lead to adverse effects on the gut microbiome and resistome and identify the relative risks associated with prophylaxis. These results can be used to inform therapeutic guidelines for the prevention and treatment of TD and make progress toward using microbiome information in personalized medical care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diarrhea/prevention & control ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Travel ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Microbial
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2557172-2
    ISSN 2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
    ISSN (online) 2150-7511
    ISSN 2161-2129
    DOI 10.1128/mbio.02790-23
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  8. Article: Human Serum With High Neutralizing Antibody Titers Against Both Zika and Dengue Virus Shows Delayed In Vitro Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection.

    Valiant, William G / Lalani, Tahaniyat / Yun, Heather C / Kunz, Anjali / Burgess, Timothy H / Mattapallil, Joseph J

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2018  Volume 5, Issue 7, Page(s) ofy151

    Abstract: Zika virus infection in a dengue virus-naïve subject was associated with the induction of high levels of cross-reactive binding antibodies. These responses were, however, largely non-neutralizing and displayed a capacity to enhance dengue infection in ... ...

    Abstract Zika virus infection in a dengue virus-naïve subject was associated with the induction of high levels of cross-reactive binding antibodies. These responses were, however, largely non-neutralizing and displayed a capacity to enhance dengue infection in vitro at significantly low dilution (1:10). In contrast, a subject who had high levels of neutralizing antibodies against both dengue and Zika viruses enhanced infection at a dilution of 1:10 000. These results suggest that high levels of dengue cross-neutralizing antibodies could potentially prevent the enhancement of dengue infection in Zika virus-convalescent individuals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofy151
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  9. Article ; Online: Association between depression and HIV treatment outcomes in a US military population with HIV infection.

    Carney, Brandon / Daniels, Colton / Xu, Xiaohe / Sunil, Thankam / Ganesan, Anuradha / Blaylock, Jason M / Kronmann, Karl C / Schofield, Christina / Lalani, Tahaniyat / Agan, Brian / Okulicz, Jason F

    AIDS research and therapy

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 29

    Abstract: Background: Depression is common among HIV-infected individuals and may contribute to suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent inability to attain viral load (VL) suppression. We evaluated associations between depression, self- ...

    Abstract Background: Depression is common among HIV-infected individuals and may contribute to suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent inability to attain viral load (VL) suppression. We evaluated associations between depression, self-reported adherence, and longitudinal HIV treatment outcomes in US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS) participants with and without depression.
    Methods: Male NHS participants with available ICD-9 data for mental health diagnoses, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) measures, and self-reported adherence (SRA) were included. ART use was defined as ART initiation between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up through 2015. SRA was defined as taking 95% of ART doses and continuous ART was defined as longitudinal ART use with gaps  < 30 days. Continuous VL suppression was defined as maintaining VLs  < 200 c/mL on ART. To analyse the association between depression and HIV treatment outcomes, latent class analysis was used to create classes of depression trajectories: low depression (LD), recent onset depression (ROD) and high Depression (HD).
    Results: Participants had a mean age of 32 (± 8.3) years at HIV diagnosis, and similar proportions were Caucasian (44.3%) or African American (40.8%). Overall, older participants at HIV diagnosis had greater odds of having 95% self-reported adherence (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.12), and African Americans had lower odds (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.76) compared to Caucasians (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.52-4.28). However, there was no difference in SRA by depression trajectory. Participants with HD had an increased odds of taking ART continuously (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.99-3.09), and those with ROD had significantly higher odds of virologic failure (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.91).
    Conclusions: Although there was no observed association between depression and SRA, participants with ROD had lower odds of attaining the HIV treatment goal of VL suppression. Continued efforts to identify and aggressively manage mental health disorders is important to success along the HIV care continuum.
    MeSH term(s) CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Child ; Depression/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Military Personnel ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1742-6405
    ISSN (online) 1742-6405
    DOI 10.1186/s12981-021-00350-2
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  10. Article: Risk Factors Associated With Chronic Liver Enzyme Elevation in Persons With HIV Without Hepatitis B or C Coinfection in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era.

    Wood, Shannon / Won, Seung Hyun / Hsieh, Hsing-Chuan / Lalani, Tahaniyat / Kronmann, Karl / Maves, Ryan C / Utz, Gregory / Schofield, Christina / Colombo, Rhonda E / Okulicz, Jason F / Blaylock, Jason / Agan, Brian K / Ganesan, Anuradha

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) ofab076

    Abstract: Background: As morbidity due to viral coinfections declines among HIV-infected persons, changes in liver-related morbidity are anticipated. We examined data from the US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS), a cohort of military beneficiaries, to ... ...

    Abstract Background: As morbidity due to viral coinfections declines among HIV-infected persons, changes in liver-related morbidity are anticipated. We examined data from the US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS), a cohort of military beneficiaries, to evaluate incidence and risk factors associated with chronic liver enzyme elevation (cLEE) in HIV-monoinfected patients in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era.
    Methods: Participants who were hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus seronegative with follow-up after 1996 were included. We defined chronic liver enzyme elevation (cLEE) as alanine aminotransferase elevations ≥1.25 times the upper limit of normal on at least 2 visits, for a duration of ≥6 months within 2 years. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to examine risk factors for cLEE.
    Results: Of 2779 participants, 309 (11%) met criteria for cLEE for an incidence of 1.28/100 PYFU (1.28-1.29/100 PYFU). In an adjusted model, cLEE was associated with Hispanic/other ethnicity (reference Caucasian: hazard ratio [HR], 1.744; 95% CI, 1.270-2.395), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based cART (reference boosted protease inhibitors: HR, 2.232; 95% CI, 1.378-3.616), being cART naïve (HR, 6.046; 95% CI, 3.686-9.915), or having cART interruptions (HR, 8.671; 95% CI, 4.651-16.164). African American race (HR, 0.669; 95% CI, 0.510-0.877) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based cART (HR, 0.222; 95% CI, 0.104-0.474) were protective.
    Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that initiation and continued use of cART are protective against cLEE and support the hypothesis that HIV infection directly impacts the liver. INSTI-based regimens were protective and could be considered in persons with cLEE.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofab076
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