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Article ; Online: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Chinese Instrument of Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice on Dementia Care in Macao.

Wong, Sio Mui / Zeng, Wen / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Lou, Hong Lei

American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

2023 Volume 38, Page(s) 15333175221149358

Abstract: Background: Very few instruments to integrate knowledge, attitude and practice into dementia care as a holistic perspective were available to the Chinese.: Method: This article documented the development of a 30-item self-administered Chinese ... ...

Abstract	Background: Very few instruments to integrate knowledge, attitude and practice into dementia care as a holistic perspective were available to the Chinese. Method: This article documented the development of a 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care and reported the results of psychometric testing among 1500 Chinese in Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR), including 234 primary health professionals, 272 staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes, 586 high school students and 408 community-dwelling older people. The Chinese instrument was developed through literature review and committee review. The psychometric methods were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese instrument as measures of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care for the Chinese. Results: The preliminary results indicated that the Content Validity Index of the Chinese instrument was .973 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese instrument was .842, among which Knowledge subscale, Attitude subscale and Preventive Practice subscale were .749, .633 and .845 respectively. The means and standard deviation were 65.13 ± 24.56 for Knowledge subscale, 74.76 ± 8.37 for Attitude subscale, 73.22 ± 14.05 for Preventative Practice subscale, and 70.99 ± 11.27 for the Chinese instrument. Conclusion: The 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care had satisfied the psychometric evaluation well enough to warrant further use, and could also have particular implications for other Chinese populations all over the world.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Macau ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; East Asian People ; Dementia ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1283069-0
ISSN	1938-2731 ; 0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
ISSN (online)	1938-2731
ISSN	0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
DOI	10.1177/15333175221149358
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: High School Students' Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice of Dementia Care in Macao.

Lo, Iek Long / Zeng, Wen / Lei, Chin Ion / Lam, Chong / Lou, Hong Lei

American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

2020 Volume 35, Page(s) 1533317520948341

Abstract: Objective: To investigate knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of dementia care among high school students in Macao.: Methods: Questionnaires was developed and distributed to 10 randomly selected high schools in Macao and 586 valid ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of dementia care among high school students in Macao. Methods: Questionnaires was developed and distributed to 10 randomly selected high schools in Macao and 586 valid questionnaires were returned. Results: Knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of dementia care were 56.27 ± 24.90, 73.97 ± 7.72 and 68.34 ± 14.05. There were positive relationships between preventive practice and attitude, and knowledge. The students of 2 high schools had participated or organized lectures or events related to dementia scored higher knowledge, attitude and preventive practice than those hadn't. Knowledge and attitude of female students were significantly higher than male students. Knowledge and preventive practice of the high school students were significantly lower than primary health professionals in Macao. Conclusion: Most high school students in Macao had insufficient knowledge and inappropriate preventive practice of dementia care. Enhanced dementia education should be a strong agenda for high school students in Macao.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude ; Dementia/prevention & control ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Macau ; Male ; Schools ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1283069-0
ISSN	1938-2731 ; 0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
ISSN (online)	1938-2731
ISSN	0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
DOI	10.1177/1533317520948341
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Article: Re-positive of SARS-CoV-2 test is common in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. Data from high standard post-discharge quarantined patients in Macao SAR, China.

Wong, Chi Leong / Lei, Sao Kuan / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

PeerJ

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) e11170

Abstract: During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world's highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the ... ...

Abstract	During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world's highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the transmission of COVID-19, and there were only two independent outbreaks in Macau. In the second outbreak, all 35 cases were infected in foreign countries. They were quarantined in airborne infection isolation rooms for at least 14 days with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests after hospital discharge. Twelve (34.3%) of them had re-positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and none of them presented any COVID-19 signs or symptoms during the entire quarantine period. In this study, the re-positive patients were more likely to be diagnosed in the early stage of the disease with a longer hospital stay. Virus re-infection is impossible in this high standard isolation setting, and reactivation is also unlikely, so that residual virus nucleic acid should be the possible reason for this phenomenon. Due to limited data about the risk of re-positive patients, it is better to quarantine patients after discharge for a prolonged period with repeat RT-PCR tests to minimize the community's potential risk, particularly in the regions with relative plenty of resources and low community infection rate such as Macau.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.11170
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19.

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Yao, Lan / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 827

Abstract: Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact ...

Abstract	Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact and contaminated surfaces as well as potential aerosol spread. Over half of transmissions occur from presymptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Although several vaccines are currently available for emergency use, there are uncertainties regarding the duration of protection and the efficacy of preventing asymptomatic spread. Thus, personal protective health behaviour and measures against COVID-19 are still widely recommended after immunization. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of these measures, and the results may provide valuable guidance to policymakers to educate the general public about how to reduce the individual-level risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 24 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (C.H.C.S.J.), which was the only hospital designated to manage COVID-19 patients in Macao SAR, China, and 1113 control participants who completed a 14-day mandatory quarantine in 12 designated hotels due to returning from high-risk countries between 17 March and 15 April 2020. A questionnaire was developed to extract demographic information, contact history, and personal health behaviour. Results: Participants primarily came from the United Kingdom (33.2%), followed by the United States (10.5%) and Portugal (10.2%). Independent factors for COVID-19 infection were having physical contact with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 12.108 [95% CI, 3.380-43.376], P < 0.005), participating in high-risk gathering activities (adjusted OR, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.048-1.216], P < 0.005), handwashing after outdoor activity (adjusted OR, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.003-0.134], P < 0.005), handwashing before touching the mouth and nose area (adjusted OR, 0.303 [95% CI, 0.114-0.808], P < 0.05), and wearing a mask whenever outdoors (adjusted OR, 0.307 [95% CI, 0.109-0.867], P < 0.05). The daily count of handwashing remained similar between groups. Only 31.6% of participants had a sufficient 20-s handwashing duration. Conclusions: Participating in high-risk gatherings, wearing a mask whenever outdoors, and practising hand hygiene at key times should be advocated to the public to mitigate COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Macau ; Portugal ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-10680-5
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Article: Minimizing the risk of community spread of COVID-19

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

World journal of clinical cases

2020 Volume 8, Issue 13, Page(s) 2674–2678

Abstract: Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land ... ...

Abstract	Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land area of 32.9 square kilometers in 2019. Since the first case diagnosed on January 22, 2020, there was a total of 45 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Macao, of which 43 patients (96%) were imported cases. To date, all patients had been discharged successfully from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, a designated hospital to manage all COVID-19 patients in Macao. Eventually, no patient died, and no local community outbreak was noted. This opinion review describes the underlying factors that could have contributed to the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, which include the following: (1) Early implementation of containment measures; (2) Large-scale quarantine using hotel rooms to reduce the risk of a local outbreak; and (3) Multidisciplinary co-operation and transparency of information to the public. Although the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, may not be generalized to other regions, it should not be unreasonable to be well prepared with sufficient logistic support to conduct timely containment and early detection of episodic cases to prevent the backsliding of COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2307-8960
ISSN	2307-8960
DOI	10.12998/wjcc.v8.i13.2674
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China.

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Yao, Lan / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

PeerJ

2020 Volume 8, Page(s) e9428

Abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, ... ...

Abstract	Background: The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a "lockdown" policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. Results: A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%,
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.9428
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Yao, Lan / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

PeerJ

a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China

2020 Volume 8, Page(s) e9428

Abstract: Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, ... ...

Abstract	Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a “lockdown” policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. Results A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001) and often wash hands with soap or liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031).
Keywords	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Neuroscience ; General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	PeerJ
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.9428
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Minimizing the risk of community spread of COVID-19 via institutional quarantine of high-risk travelers with serial viral RNA testing: A successful experience from Macao SAR, China

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

World J. Clin. Cases

Abstract	Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land area of 32.9 square kilometers in 2019. Since the first case diagnosed on January 22, 2020, there was a total of 45 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Macao, of which 43 patients (96%) were imported cases. To date, all patients had been discharged successfully from Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario, a designated hospital to manage all COVID-19 patients in Macao. Eventually, no patient died, and no local community outbreak was noted. This opinion review describes the underlying factors that could have contributed to the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, which include the following: (1) Early implementation of containment measures; (2) Large-scale quarantine using hotel rooms to reduce the risk of a local outbreak; and (3) Multidisciplinary co-operation and transparency of information to the public. Although the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, may not be generalized to other regions, it should not be unreasonable to be well prepared with sufficient logistic support to conduct timely containment and early detection of episodic cases to prevent the backsliding of COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #646623
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Survival analysis of 2003-2005 data from the population-based Cancer Registry in Macao.

Lei, Wai Kei / Yu, Xue Qin / Lam, Chong / Leong, Wai Kit

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2010 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 1561–1567

Abstract: Aim: Macao Cancer Registry was established in 2003. It is population-based and has been collecting cancer reports from all possible settings where pathological and management services are available. To get a better idea over the prognosis and survival ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Macao Cancer Registry was established in 2003. It is population-based and has been collecting cancer reports from all possible settings where pathological and management services are available. To get a better idea over the prognosis and survival of all and major cancer sites, a survival analysis was here performed to estimate the relative survival rates of cancers diagnosed and registered during 2003 to 2005 with a follow-up of vital status till 31 Dec, 2008. Methods: 3,244 cancer cases diagnosed and registered during 2003-2005 in Macao Cancer Registry were considered for analysis. Cases of in-situ carcinoma, extreme age and poor data quality were deliberately excluded, leaving 2,623 newly diagnosed cancers eligible. Vital status of registered cases through 31 December 2008 was confirmed by matching with death certificates and review from the Hospital Information System (HIS) of the only public hospital. Observed survival rates were calculated using a Life Table method, and relative survival rates were examined using an algorithm written in SAS by Paul Dickman with minor adaptations. Apart from general relative survival rates, specific rates by sex and age strata were also estimated. Results: 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates of all cancers were 61% and 56% respectively for both sexes; (54% and 47%, respectively, for males and 68% and 64%for females). The 3-year relative survival rates for major cancer sites ranged from 21% to 90%, with lung cancer showing the lowest and female breast cancer the highest. 5-year relative survival rates for major cancer sites ranged from 18% to 85%, with liver cancer showing the lowest and again female breast cancer the highest. Female cancer patients had higher relative survival than males across the 5-year follow up period, with a sex difference of nearly 15%. Conclusion: Comparison of survival rates from this first trial in Macao, deriving survival statistics from population-based cancer registration, with other Asian countries/cities, like Taiwan, Singapore and Japan, showed Macao and Taiwan to have the closest estimates for 3-year relative survival. Random variation was found to exist in the stratification of sex and age in certain cancer sites due to scarce case numbers in the subgroups. It is important to note that the 3-year survival rates are relatively more consistent and reliable than 4-year or 5-year ones. Promotion of reporting cancer stage by physicians as well as improvement in data quality of cancer registration are essential to allow further informative statistics derived from the cancer registry with reference to cancer prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Macau/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/mortality ; Prognosis ; Registries ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2010
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2476-762X
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: High genetic diversity of HIV-1 viruses in Macao, China.

Tan, Yi / Chan, Desmond / Chan, Denise / Ip, Peng Kei / Lam, Chong / Fong, Nga Yin / Tsui, Stephen Kwok-Wing / Lee, Shui Shan

The Journal of infection

2010 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–172

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of recently diagnosed HIV-1 infection in Macao for better understanding the epidemiology in this Chinese city, in context of its relationship with other countries in Asia and the rest of the world.: ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of recently diagnosed HIV-1 infection in Macao for better understanding the epidemiology in this Chinese city, in context of its relationship with other countries in Asia and the rest of the world. Methods: Serum samples of HIV positive cases reported between 2005 and 2007 were collected from the Macao Public Health Laboratory. HIV genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis of sequences from gag, RT, and env regions. Results: A total of 30 HIV positive samples were genotyped. The HIV-1 viruses circulating in Macao were characterized by their relatively high genetic diversity. CRF01_AE was predominant (56%), followed by subtype B (13%), CRF12_BF (10%), G/CRF12_BF, A1/CRF10_AD and CRF07_BC, of which CRF12_BF and G/CRF12_BF were first reported in Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was no clear clustering of CRF01_AE strains but a distinct CRF12_BF cluster associated with injection drug use could be delineated. Conclusion: The results suggested that there were multiple introductions of HIV strains in Macao that have been circulating for an extended period of time, superimposed by an outbreak in injection drug users.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cluster Analysis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics ; HIV-1/classification ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Macau/epidemiology ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sequence Homology ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (EC 2.7.7.-) ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase (EC 2.7.7.49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2010.04.012
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