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Article ; Online: Reply to Thomas et al.

Lam, Phung Khanh / Wills, Bridget

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2014 Volume 58, Issue 7, Page(s) 1039–1040

MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Severe Dengue/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciu017
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Article ; Online: A review of transition experiences in perinatally and behaviourally acquired HIV-1 infection; same, same but different?

Lam, Phung Khanh / Fidler, Sarah / Foster, Caroline

Journal of the International AIDS Society

2017 Volume 20, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 21506

Abstract: Introduction: Despite sharing common psychosocial and developmental experiences, adolescents living with perinatally and behaviourally acquired HIV-1 infection are different in terms of timing of HIV infection and developmental stage at infection. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Despite sharing common psychosocial and developmental experiences, adolescents living with perinatally and behaviourally acquired HIV-1 infection are different in terms of timing of HIV infection and developmental stage at infection. Therefore, it is of interest to identify similarities and differences between these two groups of adolescents living with HIV in their experiences, facilitators and barriers during the transition process. Methods: A detailed literature search of peer-reviewed published papers was conducted on PubMed to identify relevant original research or viewpoints published up to September 2016. Conference abstracts and other unpublished data sources were not included. Results: Existing published literature, mainly using qualitative methods, explores the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare provision, as experienced by these two groups of young people. Reports highlight the variation and similarities in their experiences and challenges of transition. Findings from the USA and Europe predominate, while experience from Africa and Asia is lacking, despite the importance of these regions in the global epidemic. Conclusions: Published transition data remain limited, and there are few studies focusing on behaviourally infected adolescents and key population groups (e.g. adolescents who use drugs, lesbian/gay/transgender individuals). Robust definitions of the transition process and standardized outcome measures are required to facilitate cross-study and geographic comparisons.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; HIV Infections/psychology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; HIV Infections/transmission ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Sexual Behavior ; Transition to Adult Care ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2467110-1
ISSN	1758-2652 ; 1758-2652
ISSN (online)	1758-2652
ISSN	1758-2652
DOI	10.7448/IAS.20.4.21506
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Article ; Online: The compensatory reserve index predicts recurrent shock in patients with severe dengue

Huynh Trung Trieu / Lam Phung Khanh / Damien Keng Yen Ming / Chanh Ho Quang / Tu Qui Phan / Vinh Chau Nguyen Van / Ertan Deniz / Jane Mulligan / Bridget Ann Wills / Steven Moulton / Sophie Yacoub

BMC Medicine, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is one of the major clinical phenotypes of severe dengue. It is defined by significant plasma leak, leading to intravascular volume depletion and eventually cardiovascular collapse. The compensatory reserve ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is one of the major clinical phenotypes of severe dengue. It is defined by significant plasma leak, leading to intravascular volume depletion and eventually cardiovascular collapse. The compensatory reserve Index (CRI) is a new physiological parameter, derived from feature analysis of the pulse arterial waveform that tracks real-time changes in central volume. We investigated the utility of CRI to predict recurrent shock in severe dengue patients admitted to the ICU. Methods We performed a prospective observational study in the pediatric and adult intensive care units at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Patients were monitored with hourly clinical parameters and vital signs, in addition to continuous recording of the arterial waveform using pulse oximetry. The waveform data was wirelessly transmitted to a laptop where it was synchronized with the patient’s clinical data. Results One hundred three patients with suspected severe dengue were recruited to this study. Sixty-three patients had the minimum required dataset for analysis. Median age was 11 years (IQR 8–14 years). CRI had a negative correlation with heart rate and moderate negative association with blood pressure. CRI was found to predict recurrent shock within 12 h of being measured (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.54–3.26), P < 0.001). The median duration from CRI measurement to the first recurrent shock was 5.4 h (IQR 2.9–6.8). A CRI cutoff of 0.4 provided the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for predicting recurrent shock (0.66 [95% CI 0.47–0.85] and 0.86 [95% CI 0.80–0.92] respectively). Conclusion CRI is a useful non-invasive method for monitoring intravascular volume status in patients with severe dengue.
Keywords	Dengue ; Shock ; Re-shock ; Compensatory reserve index (CRI) ; Non-invasive monitoring ; Pulse waveform ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Development and validation of a new measurement instrument to assess internship experience of medical doctors in low-income and middle-income countries.

Zhao, Yingxi / Jalloh, Sulaiman / Lam, Phung Khanh / Kwarshak, Yakubu Kevin / Mbuthia, Daniel / Misago, Nadine / Namedre, Mesulame / Phương, Nguyễn Thị Bé / Qaloewa, Sefanaia / Summers, Richard / Tang, Kun / Tweheyo, Raymond / Wills, Bridget / Zhang, Fang / Nicodemo, Catia / Gathara, David / English, Mike

BMJ global health

2023 Volume 8, Issue 11

Abstract: Routine surveys are used to understand the training quality and experiences of junior doctors but there are lack of tools designed to evaluate the training experiences of interns in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where working conditions ... ...

Abstract	Routine surveys are used to understand the training quality and experiences of junior doctors but there are lack of tools designed to evaluate the training experiences of interns in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where working conditions and resource constraints are challenging. We describe our process developing and validating a 'medical internship experience scale' to address this gap, work involving nine LMICs that varied in geographical locations, income-level and internship training models. We used a scoping review of existing tools, content validity discussions with target populations and an expert panel, back-and-forth translations into four language versions and cognitive interviews to develop and test the tool. Using data collected from 1646 interns and junior medical doctors, we assessed factor structure and assessed its reliability and validity. Fifty items about experiences of medical internship were retained from an initial pool of 102 items. These 50 items represent 6 major factors (constructs): (1) clinical learning and supervision, (2) patient safety, (3) job satisfaction, (4) stress and burnout, (5) mental well-being, and (6) fairness and discrimination. We reflect on the process of multicountry scale development and highlight some considerations for others who may use our scale, using preliminary analyses of the 1646 responses to illustrate that the tool may produce useful data to identify priorities for action. We suggest this tool could enable LMICs to assess key metrics regarding intern straining and initial work experiences and possibly allow comparison across countries and over time, to inform better internship planning and management.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Developing Countries ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Physicians
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013399
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Article ; Online: Burden of Postinfectious Symptoms after Acute Dengue, Vietnam.

Tam, Dong Thi Hoai / Clapham, Hannah / Giger, Elisabeth / Kieu, Nguyen Tan Thanh / Nam, Nguyen Tran / Hong, Dinh Thi Tri / Nuoi, Banh Thi / Cam, Nguyen Thi Hong / Quyen, Nguyen Than Ha / Turner, Hugo C / Jaenisch, Thomas / Simmons, Cameron P / Lam, Phung Khanh / Wills, Bridget

Emerging infectious diseases

2023 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 160–163

Abstract: We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. Among dengue patients, 47% reported >1 postacute symptom. Most resolved by 3 months, but alopecia and vision problems often ... ...

Abstract	We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. Among dengue patients, 47% reported >1 postacute symptom. Most resolved by 3 months, but alopecia and vision problems often persisted. Our findings provide additional evidence on postacute dengue burden and confirm children are affected.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Dengue/complications ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Vietnam/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2901.220838
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Visual and Biochemical Evidence of Glycocalyx Disruption in Human Dengue Infection, and Association With Plasma Leakage Severity.

Lam, Phung Khanh / McBride, Angela / Le, Duyen Huynh Thi / Huynh, Trieu Trung / Vink, Hans / Wills, Bridget / Yacoub, Sophie

Frontiers in medicine

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 545813

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2020.545813
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Article ; Online: The seroincidence of childhood Shigella sonnei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Jones, Nick K / Thu, Trang Nguyen Hoang / de Alwis, Ruklanthi / Thompson, Corinne / Tuyen, Ha Thanh / Nhu, Tran Do Hoang / Phat, Voong Vinh / Trung, Pham Duc / Lam, Phung Khanh / Tien, Bui Thi Thuy / Tuyet, Hoang Thi Diem / Vi, Lu Lan / Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen / Le Thi Quynh, Nhi / Baker, Stephen

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2023 Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) e0011728

Abstract: Background: Shigella sonnei is a pathogen of growing global importance as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in childhood, particularly in transitional low-middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we sought to determine the incidence of childhood exposure to S. ...

Abstract	Background: Shigella sonnei is a pathogen of growing global importance as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in childhood, particularly in transitional low-middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we sought to determine the incidence of childhood exposure to S. sonnei infection in a contemporary transitional LMIC population, where it represents the dominant Shigella species. Methods: Participants were enrolled between the age of 12-36 months between June and December 2014. Baseline characteristics were obtained through standardized electronic questionnaires, and serum samples were collected at 6-month intervals over two years of follow-up. IgG antibody against S. sonnei O-antigen (anti-O) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A four-fold increase in ELISA units (EU) with convalescent IgG titre >10.3 EU was taken as evidence of seroconversion between timepoints. Results: A total of 3,498 serum samples were collected from 748 participants; 3,170 from the 634 participants that completed follow-up. Measures of anti-O IgG varied significantly by calendar month (p = 0.03). Estimated S. sonnei seroincidence was 21,451 infections per 100,000 population per year (95% CI 19,307-23,834), with peak incidence occurring at 12-18 months of age. Three baseline factors were independently associated with the likelihood of seroconversion; ever having breastfed (aOR 2.54, CI 1.22-5.26), history of prior hospital admission (aOR 0.57, CI 0.34-0.95), and use of a toilet spray-wash in the household (aOR 0.42, CI 0.20-0.89). Conclusions: Incidence of S. sonnei exposure in Ho Chi Minh City is substantial, with significant reduction in the likelihood of exposure as age increases beyond 2 years.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Shigella sonnei ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Shigella ; O Antigens ; Immunoglobulin G ; Dysentery, Bacillary/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	O Antigens ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0011728
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Article ; Online: Clinical prognostic models for severe dengue

Thang Dao Phuoc / Long Khuong Quynh / Linh Vien Dang Khanh / Thinh Ong Phuc / Hieu Le Sy / Tu Le Ngoc / Lam Phung Khanh

Wellcome Open Research, Vol

a systematic review protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

2019 Volume 4

Abstract: Background: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne, with high morbidity rates recorded in the annual. Dengue contributes to a major disease burden in many tropical countries. This demonstrates the urgent need in developing effective approaches to identify ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne, with high morbidity rates recorded in the annual. Dengue contributes to a major disease burden in many tropical countries. This demonstrates the urgent need in developing effective approaches to identify severe cases early. For this purpose, many multivariable prognostic models using multiple prognostic variables were developed to predict the risk of progression to severe outcomes. The aim of the planned systematic review is to identify and describe the existing clinical multivariable prognostic models for severe dengue as well as examine the possibility of combining them. These findings will suggest directions for further research of this field. Methods: This protocol has followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta – Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P). We will conduct a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include being published in peer-review journals, focusing on human subjects and developing the multivariable prognostic model for severe dengue, without any restriction on language, location and period of publication, and study design. The reference list will be captured and removed from duplications. We will use the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to extract data and Prediction study risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) to assess the study quality. Discussion: This systematic review will describe the existing prediction models, summarize the current status of prognostic research on dengue, and report the possibility to combine the models to optimize the power of each paradigm. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018102907
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wellcome
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Applied machine learning for the risk-stratification and clinical decision support of hospitalised patients with dengue in Vietnam.

Ming, Damien K / Hernandez, Bernard / Sangkaew, Sorawat / Vuong, Nguyen Lam / Lam, Phung Khanh / Nguyet, Nguyen Minh / Tam, Dong Thi Hoai / Trung, Dinh The / Tien, Nguyen Thi Hanh / Tuan, Nguyen Minh / Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh / Tam, Cao Thi / Chanh, Ho Quang / Trieu, Huynh Trung / Simmons, Cameron P / Wills, Bridget / Georgiou, Pantelis / Holmes, Alison H / Yacoub, Sophie

PLOS digital health

2022 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) e0000005

Abstract: Background: Identifying patients at risk of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is vital for effective healthcare delivery. This can be challenging in endemic settings because of high caseloads and limited resources. Machine learning models trained using ... ...

Abstract	Background: Identifying patients at risk of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is vital for effective healthcare delivery. This can be challenging in endemic settings because of high caseloads and limited resources. Machine learning models trained using clinical data could support decision-making in this context. Methods: We developed supervised machine learning prediction models using pooled data from adult and paediatric patients hospitalised with dengue. Individuals from 5 prospective clinical studies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam conducted between 12th April 2001 and 30th January 2018 were included. The outcome was onset of dengue shock syndrome during hospitalisation. Data underwent random stratified splitting at 80:20 ratio with the former used only for model development. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for hyperparameter optimisation and confidence intervals derived from percentile bootstrapping. Optimised models were evaluated against the hold-out set. Findings: The final dataset included 4,131 patients (477 adults and 3,654 children). DSS was experienced by 222 (5.4%) of individuals. Predictors were age, sex, weight, day of illness at hospitalisation, indices of haematocrit and platelets over first 48 hours of admission and before the onset of DSS. An artificial neural network model (ANN) model had best performance with an area under receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.85) in predicting DSS. When evaluated against the independent hold-out set this calibrated model exhibited an AUROC of 0.82, specificity of 0.84, sensitivity of 0.66, positive predictive value of 0.18 and negative predictive value of 0.98. Interpretation: The study demonstrates additional insights can be obtained from basic healthcare data, when applied through a machine learning framework. The high negative predictive value could support interventions such as early discharge or ambulatory patient management in this population. Work is underway to incorporate these findings into an electronic clinical decision support system to guide individual patient management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3170
ISSN (online)	2767-3170
DOI	10.1371/journal.pdig.0000005
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Article ; Online: Higher Plasma Viremia in the Febrile Phase Is Associated With Adverse Dengue Outcomes Irrespective of Infecting Serotype or Host Immune Status: An Analysis of 5642 Vietnamese Cases.

Vuong, Nguyen Lam / Quyen, Nguyen Than Ha / Tien, Nguyen Thi Hanh / Tuan, Nguyen Minh / Kien, Duong Thi Hue / Lam, Phung Khanh / Tam, Dong Thi Hoai / Van Ngoc, Tran / Yacoub, Sophie / Jaenisch, Thomas / Geskus, Ronald B / Simmons, Cameron P / Wills, Bridget A

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2020 Volume 72, Issue 12, Page(s) e1074–e1083

Abstract: Background: One of the generally accepted constructs of dengue pathogenesis is that clinical disease severity is at least partially dependent upon plasma viremia, yet data on plasma viremia in primary versus secondary infections and in relation to ... ...

Abstract	Background: One of the generally accepted constructs of dengue pathogenesis is that clinical disease severity is at least partially dependent upon plasma viremia, yet data on plasma viremia in primary versus secondary infections and in relation to clinically relevant endpoints remain limited and contradictory. Methods: Using a large database comprising detailed clinical and laboratory characterization of Vietnamese participants enrolled in a series of research studies executed over a 15-year period, we explored relationships between plasma viremia measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and 3 clinically relevant endpoints-severe dengue, plasma leakage, and hospitalization-in the dengue-confirmed cases. All 4 dengue serotypes and both primary and secondary infections were well represented. In our logistic regression models we allowed for a nonlinear effect of viremia and for associations between viremia and outcome to differ by age, serotype, host immune status, and illness day at study enrollment. Results: Among 5642 dengue-confirmed cases we identified 259 (4.6%) severe dengue cases, 701 (12.4%) patients with plasma leakage, and 1441 of 4008 (40.0%) patients recruited in outpatient settings who were subsequently hospitalized. From the early febrile phase onwards, higher viremia increased the risk of developing all 3 endpoints, but effect sizes were modest (ORs ranging from 1.12-1.27 per 1-log increase) compared with the effects of a secondary immune response (ORs, 1.67-7.76). The associations were consistent across age, serotype, and immune status groups, and in the various sensitivity and subgroup analyses we undertook. Conclusions: Higher plasma viremia is associated with increased dengue severity, regardless of serotype or immune status.
MeSH term(s)	Asian People ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Dengue Virus ; Humans ; Serogroup ; Viremia
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciaa1840
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