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  1. Article ; Online: Mercury concentrations and export from small central Canadian boreal forest catchments before, during, and after forest harvest.

    Lam, W Y / Mackereth, R W / Mitchell, C P J

    The Science of the total environment

    2023  Volume 912, Page(s) 168691

    Abstract: Northern boreal forests are a strong sink for mercury (Hg), a global contaminant of significant concern to wildlife and human health. Mercury stored in forest soils can be mobilized via runoff and erosion, and under suitable conditions can be methylated ... ...

    Abstract Northern boreal forests are a strong sink for mercury (Hg), a global contaminant of significant concern to wildlife and human health. Mercury stored in forest soils can be mobilized via runoff and erosion, and under suitable conditions can be methylated to its much more bioaccumulative form, methylmercury. Forest harvesting can affect the mobilization and methylation of Hg, though the direction and magnitude of the impact is unclear or conflicting across previous studies. This study examined 5 harvested and 2 reference watersheds in northwestern Ontario, Canada, before, during, and after harvest to quantify changes in stream total and methylmercury concentration and loads and identified potential landscape and management factors that contribute to differences in stream response. In watersheds where streams were buffered by natural vegetation (≥30 m), no significant changes in total Hg or methylmercury concentrations or loads were observed. Significant increases in methylmercury concentrations and loads were observed downstream of a stream crossing in a watershed where the relatively small stream was unmapped and therefore only buffered by a 3 m machine exclusion zone. These results show that when current best management practices that minimize soil and water disturbance are followed, harvest can have a minimal impact on total and methylmercury loads, even in extensively harvested watersheds. However, there is a need for improved mapping of small streams to ensure best management practices are applied adequately across the landscape.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mercury/analysis ; Methylmercury Compounds ; Taiga ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Forests ; Soil ; Ontario
    Chemical Substances Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL) ; Methylmercury Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168691
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 949: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: The molecular diversity of dissolved organic matter in forest streams across central Canadian boreal watersheds.

    Mangal, V / Lam, W Y / Emilson, E J S / Mackereth, R W / Mitchell, C P J

    Environmental science. Processes & impacts

    2024  

    Abstract: Small headwater streams can mobilize large amounts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). While the molecular composition of DOM has important controls on biogeochemical cycles and carbon cycling, how stationary landscape metrics affect ...

    Abstract Small headwater streams can mobilize large amounts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). While the molecular composition of DOM has important controls on biogeochemical cycles and carbon cycling, how stationary landscape metrics affect DOM composition is poorly understood, particularly in relation to non-stationary effects from hydrological changes across seasons. Here, we apply a combination of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and absorbance spectroscopy to characterize stream DOM from 13 diverse watersheds across the central Canadian boreal forests and statistically relate DOM compositional characteristics to landscape topography and hydrological metrics. We found that watershed runoff across different surface physiographies produced DOM with distinctly different chemical compositions related to runoff pH. Specifically, streams in sandy soil watersheds contained more abundant aromatic, nitrogenated and sulfurized fractions of DOM, likely due to a combination of lower soil capacity to absorb DOM than other soil types and high conifer forest coverage that generated acidic litterfall in more sandy watersheds. In contrast, streams with more neutral pH in watersheds with shallow soils had DOM resembling low oxidized phenolic molecules mainly due to increased brush/alder and deciduous vegetation coverage in relatively steeper watersheds. However, as precipitation and flows increased in the fall, the overall water chemistry of streams became more similar as runoff pH increased, the overall chemical diversity of DOM in streams decreased, and stream DOM resembled fresher, lower molecular weight lignin material likely originating from freshly produced leaf litter. Together, our findings show that during hydrologically disconnected periods, pH and landscape characteristics have important controls on the mobilization of aromatic DOM but that many landscape-specific characteristics in the Canadian boreal forest are less influential on DOM processing during wetter conditions where chemically similar, plant-derived DOM signatures are preferentially mobilized. These findings collectively help predict the composition of DOM across diverse watersheds in the Canadian boreal to inform microbial and contaminant biogeochemical processes in downstream ecosystems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/d3em00305a
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7401: Show issues

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  3. Article: Landscape controls on total mercury and methylmercury export from small boreal forest catchments

    Lam, W. Y. / Mackereth, R. W. / Mitchell, C. P. J.

    Biogeochemistry. 2022 Aug., v. 160, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a widespread contaminant known to pose severe risks to wildlife and human health. While Hg emissions have declined in recent decades, legacy emissions and stored Hg will continue to impact watershed Hg cycling for the foreseeable future. ... ...

    Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a widespread contaminant known to pose severe risks to wildlife and human health. While Hg emissions have declined in recent decades, legacy emissions and stored Hg will continue to impact watershed Hg cycling for the foreseeable future. Boreal forests are a major concern due to their capacity for storing Hg, vulnerability to disturbance, and record of high Hg concentrations in fish. Thus, there is a need to better quantify factors that influence Hg export from boreal forest catchments to inform watershed management decisions regarding Hg. Streamflow measurements, as well as approximately bi-weekly sampling for total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and supporting stream chemistry were completed in 19 headwater streams near Dryden, Ontario during the ice-free season of 2019. The results were related to landscape and hydrological indices to elucidate the potential factors governing THg and MeHg export across these catchments. This study shows that while Hg concentrations are relatively low (0.50–20.46 ng l⁻¹ THg; < 0.04–1.21 ng l⁻¹ MeHg) across boreal streams in south central Canada, there are significant differences in Hg export. Catchments within boreal shield landscapes dominated by shallow soils and exposed bedrock export more methylmercury than catchments within glaciolacustrine plain landscapes dominated by thicker sand deposits. Coniferous forest cover is more significant than dissolved organic matter concentrations and more reliable than available % wetland cover data, two metrics commonly included in Hg transport models, for predicting THg and MeHg loads. In the absence of substantial mapped wetland cover, wet forest cover, as defined by the proportion of catchment cover by tree species favoring wet conditions, is shown to be an effective alternative metric. Considering the generally detailed and extensive data on tree species coverage available in Canada’s managed forests, wet forest cover, in addition to coniferous forest cover, could be useful for modelling Hg transport in boreal forest watersheds.
    Keywords bedrock ; biogeochemistry ; boreal forests ; coniferous forests ; exports ; fish ; human health ; landscapes ; mercury ; methylmercury compounds ; sand ; stream flow ; streams ; trees ; water ; watershed management ; wetlands ; wildlife ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 89-104.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1478541-9
    ISSN 1573-515X ; 0168-2563
    ISSN (online) 1573-515X
    ISSN 0168-2563
    DOI 10.1007/s10533-022-00941-9
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  4. Article: Molecular correlations of dissolved organic matter with inorganic mercury and methylmercury in Canadian boreal streams

    Mangal, V. / Lam, W. Y. / Huang, H. / Emilson, E. J. S. / Mackereth, R. W. / Mitchell, C. P. J.

    Biogeochemistry. 2022 Aug., v. 160, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: The molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is increasingly recognized as fundamentally important to mercury transport and transformations, with numerous approaches undertaken to examine DOM characteristics beyond dissolved organic carbon ...

    Abstract The molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is increasingly recognized as fundamentally important to mercury transport and transformations, with numerous approaches undertaken to examine DOM characteristics beyond dissolved organic carbon concentrations. In this study, we use a high-resolution mass spectrometry approach, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, to characterize DOM compound classes, DOM aromaticity (AIₘₒd), and the nominal oxygenation state of carbon (NOSC) across thirteen small boreal forest streams in central Canada. We then relate the relative abundance of hundreds of different DOM molecules with inorganic mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations across late spring and fall seasons. The number of significant correlations and the classes of DOM compounds significantly correlating with inorganic mercury and MeHg concentrations differs substantially across seasons and between mercury forms. For inorganic mercury, the abundance of nitrogen and sulfur containing DOM are most often positively correlated (mean ρ = 0.80) in the late spring, whereas during the fall, the abundance of low-oxidized lignins is more important, though with weaker correlations (mean ρ = 0.51). For MeHg, low-oxidized lignins and hydrolysable tannins, likely sourced from conifer throughfall and litter, account for up to 83% of all DOM-MeHg correlations regardless of season. Further network analyses reveal that the strongest and most significant inorganic mercury-DOM correlations are found across a wide range of NOSC values, indicating that DOM involved with the transport of inorganic mercury encompasses a wide range of polarities and thermodynamic stabilities. In contrast, DOM molecules exclusively correlated with MeHg concentrations have more positive NOSC and AIₘₒd values, implying the preferential transport of MeHg with more thermodynamically stable and aromatic DOM molecules. DOM molecules significantly correlated with both inorganic mercury and MeHg concentrations are found exclusively in the late spring. Overall, this non-targeted approach may help to inform further targeted investigations, especially as it relates to the underrepresented importance of plant biomolecules in facilitating mercury transport.
    Keywords biochemical compounds ; biogeochemistry ; boreal forests ; conifers ; dissolved organic carbon ; lignin ; mass spectrometry ; mercury ; methylmercury compounds ; nitrogen ; spring ; sulfur ; thermodynamics ; throughfall ; Canada
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 127-144.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1478541-9
    ISSN 1573-515X ; 0168-2563
    ISSN (online) 1573-515X
    ISSN 0168-2563
    DOI 10.1007/s10533-022-00944-6
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  5. Article: Standing flank laparotomy for colic: 37 cases

    Lopes, Marco A. F. / Hardy, Joanne / Farnsworth, Kelly / Labens, Raphael / Lam, W. Y. Eunice / Noschka, Erik / Afonso, Tiago / Cruz Villagrán, Claudia / Santos, Luiz C. P. / Saulez, Montague / Kelmer, Gal

    Equine veterinary journal. 2022 Sept., v. 54, no. 5

    2022  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Standing flank laparotomy can be an alternative to ventral midline laparotomy in horses with colic. Standing flank laparotomy avoids general anaesthesia, provides excellent access to some regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and costs less ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Standing flank laparotomy can be an alternative to ventral midline laparotomy in horses with colic. Standing flank laparotomy avoids general anaesthesia, provides excellent access to some regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and costs less than ventral midline laparotomy. OBJECTIVE: To report a series of cases of peritoneal and intestinal diseases other than SC diseases managed with standing flank laparotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Records from equids with colic subjected to standing flank laparotomy at five hospitals (2003‐2020) were reviewed. Descriptive data analysis was performed. RESULTS: Thirty horses (sixteen survived to discharge), six ponies (four survived) and one donkey (euthanised) were subjected to standing flank laparotomy via the left flank (n = 31), right flank (n = 2) or both flanks (n = 4). The primary disease affected the peritoneum (0/5 survived), SI (5/9 survived) and caecum and/or LC (15/23 survived). Enterotomy was performed in four animals (all survived). Partial typhlectomy was performed in one horse (euthanised). Resection‐anastomosis of the SI or LC was performed in three animals (one survived). Three animals had intraoperative complications that negatively affected the outcome: Two ponies had intolerance to abdominopelvic exploration; one mare had spontaneous exteriorisation of a long segment of the SI leading to a large tear in the mesentery. In seven cases, severe/extensive lesions found during standing flank laparotomy warranted immediate euthanasia. The survival rate was 54%. All owners were satisfied with the decision to perform standing flank laparotomy. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The retrospective design, lack of a control group, small number of cases and lack of standardised protocols between hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Although ventral midline laparotomy is the standard of care for horses with colic, standing flank laparotomy is a viable approach for some types of colic. Systemic administration of analgesics may not produce sufficient peritoneal analgesia, which can lead to intolerance to abdominopelvic exploration during standing flank laparotomy in horses with colic and may negatively affect the outcome.
    Keywords Equidae ; analgesia ; analgesics ; anesthesia ; asses ; cecum ; colic ; euthanasia ; laparotomy ; mares ; mesentery ; survival rate
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 934-945.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 41606-x
    ISSN 0425-1644
    ISSN 0425-1644
    DOI 10.1111/evj.13511
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 3563: Show issues

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  6. Article: Avian influenza A H5N1 infection on human cellular microRNA profile: identification of gene regulatory pathway.

    Chan, P K S / To, K F / Lam, W Y

    Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi

    2014  Volume 20 Suppl 6, Page(s) 7–10

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Birds ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1239255-8
    ISSN 1024-2708
    ISSN 1024-2708
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4347: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article ; Online: Standing flank laparotomy for colic: 37 cases.

    Lopes, Marco A F / Hardy, Joanne / Farnsworth, Kelly / Labens, Raphael / Lam, W Y Eunice / Noschka, Erik / Afonso, Tiago / Cruz Villagrán, Claudia / Santos, Luiz C P / Saulez, Montague / Kelmer, Gal

    Equine veterinary journal

    2021  Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 934–945

    Abstract: Background: Standing flank laparotomy can be an alternative to ventral midline laparotomy in horses with colic. Standing flank laparotomy avoids general anaesthesia, provides excellent access to some regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and costs less ... ...

    Abstract Background: Standing flank laparotomy can be an alternative to ventral midline laparotomy in horses with colic. Standing flank laparotomy avoids general anaesthesia, provides excellent access to some regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and costs less than ventral midline laparotomy.
    Objective: To report a series of cases of peritoneal and intestinal diseases other than SC diseases managed with standing flank laparotomy.
    Study design: Retrospective case series.
    Methods: Records from equids with colic subjected to standing flank laparotomy at five hospitals (2003-2020) were reviewed. Descriptive data analysis was performed.
    Results: Thirty horses (sixteen survived to discharge), six ponies (four survived) and one donkey (euthanised) were subjected to standing flank laparotomy via the left flank (n = 31), right flank (n = 2) or both flanks (n = 4). The primary disease affected the peritoneum (0/5 survived), SI (5/9 survived) and caecum and/or LC (15/23 survived). Enterotomy was performed in four animals (all survived). Partial typhlectomy was performed in one horse (euthanised). Resection-anastomosis of the SI or LC was performed in three animals (one survived). Three animals had intraoperative complications that negatively affected the outcome: Two ponies had intolerance to abdominopelvic exploration; one mare had spontaneous exteriorisation of a long segment of the SI leading to a large tear in the mesentery. In seven cases, severe/extensive lesions found during standing flank laparotomy warranted immediate euthanasia. The survival rate was 54%. All owners were satisfied with the decision to perform standing flank laparotomy.
    Main limitations: The retrospective design, lack of a control group, small number of cases and lack of standardised protocols between hospitals.
    Conclusions: Although ventral midline laparotomy is the standard of care for horses with colic, standing flank laparotomy is a viable approach for some types of colic. Systemic administration of analgesics may not produce sufficient peritoneal analgesia, which can lead to intolerance to abdominopelvic exploration during standing flank laparotomy in horses with colic and may negatively affect the outcome.
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia, General/veterinary ; Animals ; Colic/surgery ; Colic/veterinary ; Female ; Horse Diseases/surgery ; Horses ; Laparotomy/methods ; Laparotomy/veterinary ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 41606-x
    ISSN 2042-3306 ; 0425-1644
    ISSN (online) 2042-3306
    ISSN 0425-1644
    DOI 10.1111/evj.13511
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3105: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  8. Article: DNAzymes for treatment of dengue fever.

    Baum, L / Olson, K E / Chan, P Ks / Lam, W Y

    Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi

    2014  Volume 20 Suppl 4, Page(s) 42–43

    MeSH term(s) DNA, Catalytic/pharmacology ; Dengue/drug therapy ; Dengue Virus/genetics ; RNA, Viral/drug effects ; RNA, Viral/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA, Catalytic ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1239255-8
    ISSN 1024-2708
    ISSN 1024-2708
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    Zs.A 4347: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  9. Article ; Online: Ocular PEComas are frequently melanotic and TFE3-translocated: report of two cases including the first description of PRCC-TFE3 fusion in PEComa.

    Gao, Y / Chen, G / Chow, C / Io, I / Wong, E W N / Tsui, W M S / Lam, W Y / To, K F / Chan, J K C / Cheuk, Wah

    Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

    2020  Volume 478, Issue 5, Page(s) 1025–1031

    Abstract: Ocular perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is exceedingly rare. We reported two examples involving the choroid and subconjunctival tissue, respectively, in patients aged 17 and 20 years. Both tumors comprised packets and sheets of large ... ...

    Abstract Ocular perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is exceedingly rare. We reported two examples involving the choroid and subconjunctival tissue, respectively, in patients aged 17 and 20 years. Both tumors comprised packets and sheets of large polygonal cells with moderately pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli, traversed by delicate fibrovascular septa. Melanin pigmentation was present in one case. The tumors showed HMB45 and TFE3 immunoreactivity. TFE3 gene translocation was confirmed by FISH break-apart probes. RNA seq revealed PRCC-TFE3 and NONO-TFE3 fusions, with the former representing the first description of PRCC-TFE3 in PEComa. Critical reappraisal of the reported cases showed that ocular PEComa frequently affected young patents with melanin pigmentation, frequent TFE3 protein expression, and/or TFE3 gene translocation. No recurrence or metastasis was reported after complete excision despite the presence of cytologic atypia.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Choroid Neoplasms/chemistry ; Choroid Neoplasms/genetics ; Choroid Neoplasms/pathology ; Choroid Neoplasms/surgery ; Eye Neoplasms/chemistry ; Eye Neoplasms/genetics ; Eye Neoplasms/pathology ; Eye Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Gene Fusion ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/genetics ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/metabolism ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/pathology ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/surgery ; Male ; Melanins/analysis ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/chemistry ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/genetics ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/pathology ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/surgery ; RNA-Seq ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Melanins ; Neoplasm Proteins ; PRCC protein, human ; TFE3 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1184867-4
    ISSN 1432-2307 ; 0945-6317
    ISSN (online) 1432-2307
    ISSN 0945-6317
    DOI 10.1007/s00428-020-02890-w
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ud III Zs.10: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Behaviour of plate anchorage in plate-reinforced composite coupling beams.

    Lam, W Y / Li, Lingzhi / Su, R K L / Pam, H J

    TheScientificWorldJournal

    2013  Volume 2013, Page(s) 190430

    Abstract: As a new alternative design, plate-reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam achieves enhanced strength and ductility by embedding a vertical steel plate into a conventionally reinforced concrete (RC) coupling beam. Based on a nonlinear finite element ... ...

    Abstract As a new alternative design, plate-reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam achieves enhanced strength and ductility by embedding a vertical steel plate into a conventionally reinforced concrete (RC) coupling beam. Based on a nonlinear finite element model developed in the authors' previous study, a parametric study presented in this paper has been carried out to investigate the influence of several key parameters on the overall performance of PRC coupling beams. The effects of steel plate geometry, span-to-depth ratio of beams, and steel reinforcement ratios at beam spans and in wall regions are quantified. It is found that the anchorage length of the steel plate is primarily controlled by the span-to-depth ratio of the beam. Based on the numerical results, a design curve is proposed for determining the anchorage length of the steel plate. The load-carrying capacity of short PRC coupling beams with high steel ratio is found to be controlled by the steel ratio of wall piers. The maximum shear stress of PRC coupling beams should be limited to 15 MPa.
    MeSH term(s) Construction Materials ; Models, Theoretical ; Steel
    Chemical Substances Steel (12597-69-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2075968-X
    ISSN 1537-744X ; 1537-744X
    ISSN (online) 1537-744X
    ISSN 1537-744X
    DOI 10.1155/2013/190430
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