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Article: Program of Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Death as Potential Solution to the Shortage of Organs: A Canadian Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

D'Aragon, Frederick / Lachance, Olivier / Lafleur, Vincent / Ortega-Deballon, Ivan / Masse, Marie-Helene / Trepanier, Gabrielle / Lamarche, Daphnee / Battista, Marie-Claude

Open access emergency medicine : OAEM

2022 Volume 14, Page(s) 413–420

Abstract: Purpose: Worldwide, the number of patients waiting for organ transplantation exceeds the number of organs available. Program for uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) implemented in Europe has resulted in a 10-15% expansion of the donor ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Worldwide, the number of patients waiting for organ transplantation exceeds the number of organs available. Program for uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) implemented in Europe has resulted in a 10-15% expansion of the donor pool. We aimed to describe the number of patients eligible for an uDCD program in a regional tertiary care center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a Canadian tertiary academic center located in a rural area including all adults who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2016 and died in the emergency department (ED) or during their hospitalization. The primary outcome was the number of patients eligible for uDCD defined as aged between 18 and 60 years old whose collapse was witnessed and where the time between cardiac arrest to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and ED arrival was, respectively, less than 30 and 120 minutes. As a secondary outcome, we determined the number of patients eligible for controlled donation after circulatory death. Results: Of the 130 patients included, 84 did not return to spontaneous circulation. We identified 15 potential uDCD candidates, with a mean age of 46.6 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 41.3 to 52) years. Twelve had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a mean time between collapse and arrival to the ED of 43.2 (29.8 to 56.6) minutes. Among the 46 patients who died after a return of spontaneous circulation, 10 (21.7%) were eligible for organ donation after circulatory death. Conclusion: Implementing an uDCD program in a tertiary hospital covering a rural area could increase the number of donors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2520704-0
ISSN	1179-1500
ISSN	1179-1500
DOI	10.2147/OAEM.S361930
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Article ; Online: Opioids for Cesarean delivery under general anesthesia and neonatal outcome: a historical cohort study.

Caissie, Natasha / Héroux, Jennifer / Lefebvre, Maxime / Lamarche, Daphnée / Dubois, Marie-Chantal / Rivard, Geneviève / D'Aragon, Frédérick

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie

2022 Volume 69, Issue 8, Page(s) 1017–1024

Abstract: Purpose: The lack of evidence-based recommendations for Cesarean delivery under general anesthesia can lead to practice variability and morbidity, particularly concerning the use of opioids. The goal of this study was to describe the practice for ... ...

Title translation	Opioïdes lors d’un accouchement par césarienne sous anesthésie générale et issues néonatales : une étude de cohorte historique.
Abstract	Purpose: The lack of evidence-based recommendations for Cesarean delivery under general anesthesia can lead to practice variability and morbidity, particularly concerning the use of opioids. The goal of this study was to describe the practice for Cesarean delivery performed under general anesthesia and identify predictive factors for opioid use at anesthesia induction and the need for neonatal resuscitation. Methods: We conducted a single-center historical cohort study. We included all adult parturients who underwent Cesarean delivery under general anesthesia between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016. We excluded patients who received general anesthesia after delivery or with known intrauterine fetal demise. We collected data on anesthetic medication use, maternal comorbidities, neonatal resuscitation, and anesthetic complications. We used logistic regression models to identify predictors of opioid use at anesthesia induction and predictors of neonatal resuscitation. Results: Two hundred and three patients were included. Propofol was the main induction agent (n = 195), 201 patients received neuromuscular blockers, and 67 received opioids. No maternal factors, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 3.95; P = 0.06), were predictors of opioid use at induction of anesthesia. No statistical differences were detected between opioid administration groups, except for Cesarean indication, with preeclampsia being the main contributor. Low gestational age (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.87; P = 0.002) was the only predictor of neonatal resuscitation. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were not predictors of opioid use and opioid use was not a predictor of neonatal resuscitation. This suggests opioids could be used for maternal indications.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia, General ; Apgar Score ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	91002-8
ISSN	1496-8975 ; 0832-610X
ISSN (online)	1496-8975
ISSN	0832-610X
DOI	10.1007/s12630-022-02222-3
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Article ; Online: Functional recovery with peripheral nerve block versus general anesthesia for upper limb surgery: a systematic review.

Héroux, Jennifer / Bessette, Pierre-Olivier / Belley-Côté, Emilie / Lamarche, Daphnée / Échavé, Pablo / Loignon, Marie-Josée / Patenaude, Nicolas / Baillargeon, Jean-Patrice / D'Aragon, Frédérick

BMC anesthesiology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 91

Abstract: Background: Peripheral nerve block is a common anesthetic technique used during orthopedic upper limb surgery. Injection of local anesthetics around the target nerve inhibits the action of voltage-dependent sodium channels, inhibiting neurotransmission ... ...

Abstract	Background: Peripheral nerve block is a common anesthetic technique used during orthopedic upper limb surgery. Injection of local anesthetics around the target nerve inhibits the action of voltage-dependent sodium channels, inhibiting neurotransmission of pain impulses and providing motor immobility. Compared to general anesthesia, it could improve functional recovery by inhibiting nociceptive impulses and inflammation, thus reducing postoperative pain and immobilization and improving postoperative rehabilitation. This systematic review evaluates the impact of peripheral nerve block versus general anesthesia on postoperative functional recovery following orthopedic upper limb surgery. Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, and Scopus trial databases from inception until September 2021 for studies comparing peripheral nerve block to general anesthesia. We collected data on functional recovery, range of motion, patient satisfaction, quality of life, and return to work. We pooled studies using a random-effects model and summarized the quality of evidence with the GRADE approach. Results: We assessed 373 citations and 19 full-text articles for eligibility, and included six studies. Six studies reported on functional recovery, but failed to detect a significant superiority of peripheral nerve block over general anesthesia (3 RCT studies, N = 160; SMD -0.15; CI at 95% -0.60-0.3; I Conclusions: Current literature is limited and fails to identify the benefit of peripheral nerve block on functional recovery. More studies are needed to assess the impact on long-term recovery. Considering the potential impact on clinical practice and training, a prospective study on functional recovery is ongoing (NCT04541745). Trial registration: PROSPERO ID CRD42018116298. Registered on December 4, 2018.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nerve Block/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Anesthetics, Local ; Pain, Postoperative ; Anesthesia, General ; Upper Extremity/surgery ; Peripheral Nerves
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Local
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091252-3
ISSN	1471-2253 ; 1471-2253
ISSN (online)	1471-2253
ISSN	1471-2253
DOI	10.1186/s12871-023-02038-8
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Article ; Online: Functional recovery of wrist surgery with regional versus general anesthesia: a prospective observational study.

Héroux, Jennifer / Bessette, Pierre-Olivier / Bédard, Sonia / Lamarche, Daphnée / Gagnon, Anthony / Échavé, Pablo / Loignon, Marie-Josée / Patenaude, Nicolas / Baillargeon, Jean-Patrice / D'Aragon, Frédérick

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie

2023

Abstract: Purpose: Regional anesthesia may favour postoperative rehabilitation by inhibiting peripheral sensitization and secondary hyperalgesia. The literature on this subject is limited. In the present FUNCTION study, we sought to compare the functional ... ...

Title translation	Récupération fonctionnelle après une chirurgie du poignet réalisée sous anesthésie régionale ou générale : une étude observationnelle prospective.
Abstract	Purpose: Regional anesthesia may favour postoperative rehabilitation by inhibiting peripheral sensitization and secondary hyperalgesia. The literature on this subject is limited. In the present FUNCTION study, we sought to compare the functional recovery post orthopedic wrist surgery with regional versus general anesthesia. Methods: We conducted a single-centre prospective observational cohort study in adult patients with a distal radial fracture. Functional recovery was assessed with validated psychometrics questionnaires (Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand [QuickDASH] and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation [PRWE]), range of motion, and grip strength. We used a linear mixed regression model to assess the impact of the anesthesia technique on functional recovery. Postoperative pain and patient satisfaction were evaluated using a visual analog scale. Results: We recruited 76 patients. At 12 weeks post surgery, there was no difference between the type of anesthesia and functional recovery with the QuickDASH (higher scores worse; regional anesthesia [RA], 22.7 vs general anesthesia [GA], 19.3; adjusted mean difference [aMD], -0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9.6 to 9.0; P = 0.9) and PRWE (higher scores worse; RA group, 21.0 vs GA group, 20.5; aMD, -3.3; 95% CI, -12.1 to 5.6; P = 0.93) questionnaires. Range of motion, satisfaction, and postoperative pain were similar between groups. Right-hand grip strength was higher in the GA group. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia was not associated with improved functional recovery compared with general anesthesia. The dominance of the operated limb was a confusion factor in all evaluation modalities. Further research taking into account the dominance of the hand is necessary to establish the effects of regional anesthesia on functional recovery. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04541745); registered 9 September 2020.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	91002-8
ISSN	1496-8975 ; 0832-610X
ISSN (online)	1496-8975
ISSN	0832-610X
DOI	10.1007/s12630-023-02615-y
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Article ; Online: Time-course full profiling of circulating miRNAs in neurologically deceased organ donors: a proof of concept study to understand the onset of the cytokine storm.

Clément, Andrée-Anne / Lamarche, Daphnée / Masse, Marie-Hélène / Légaré, Cécilia / Tai, Lee-Hwa / Fleury Deland, Laurence / Battista, Marie-Claude / Bouchard, Luigi / D'Aragon, Frédérick

Epigenetics

2022 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) 1546–1561

Abstract: Neurologically deceased organ donors (NDDs) generally display an immune response involving an intense production of pro-inflammatory cytokines referred to as the cytokine storm. The sudden surge of inflammatory mediators in circulation promotes tissue ... ...

Abstract	Neurologically deceased organ donors (NDDs) generally display an immune response involving an intense production of pro-inflammatory cytokines referred to as the cytokine storm. The sudden surge of inflammatory mediators in circulation promotes tissue and organ damages and ultimately leads to poor transplant outcome. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently proposed as key regulators of inflammation and are relatively stable in circulation, changes in their profiles could play a role in the onset of the cytokine storm in NDDs. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought to investigate differentially abundant circulating miRNAs in a temporal manner between neurological death and organ recovery and to assess the association between specific miRNAs and levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood. Plasma samples from five NDDs were obtained at multiple time points between organ donation consent and organ recovery. Using a time-course analysis and miRNA sequencing, we identified 32 plasma miRNAs fluctuating between consent and organ recovery (false discovery rate; q-value < 0.1). Eleven miRNAs relatively abundant (>100 reads) and detected in all samples were selected for further biological pathway analysis (miR-486-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-106b-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-92b-3p). These miRNAs targeted genes such as
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Circulating MicroRNA/genetics ; Circulating MicroRNA/metabolism ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Inflammation/genetics ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Proof of Concept Study ; Tissue Donors
Chemical Substances	AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31) ; Circulating MicroRNA ; Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators ; MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1559-2308
ISSN (online)	1559-2308
DOI	10.1080/15592294.2022.2076048
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Article ; Online: Nasal Tissue Extraction Is Essential for Characterization of the Murine Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiota.

Schenck, L Patrick / McGrath, Joshua J C / Lamarche, Daphnée / Stämpfli, Martin R / Bowdish, Dawn M E / Surette, Michael G

mSphere

2020 Volume 5, Issue 6

Abstract: Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bacterial pathogens often colonize the upper respiratory tract (nose or mouth) prior to causing lower respiratory infections or invasive disease. Interactions within the ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bacterial pathogens often colonize the upper respiratory tract (nose or mouth) prior to causing lower respiratory infections or invasive disease. Interactions within the upper respiratory tract between colonizing bacteria and the resident microbiota could contribute to colonization success and subsequent transmission. Human carriage studies have identified associations between pathogens such as
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiota ; Nasal Cavity/microbiology ; Nose/microbiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/physiology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2379-5042
ISSN (online)	2379-5042
DOI	10.1128/mSphere.00562-20
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Article ; Online: Coagulase-negative staphylococci species affect biofilm formation of other coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci.

Goetz, Coralie / Tremblay, Yannick D N / Lamarche, Daphnée / Blondeau, Andréanne / Gaudreau, Annie M / Labrie, Josée / Malouin, François / Jacques, Mario

Journal of dairy science

2017 Volume 100, Issue 8, Page(s) 6454–6464

Abstract: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are considered to be commensal bacteria in humans and animals, but are now also recognized as etiological agents in several infections, including bovine mastitis. Biofilm formation appears to be an important factor ... ...

Abstract	Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are considered to be commensal bacteria in humans and animals, but are now also recognized as etiological agents in several infections, including bovine mastitis. Biofilm formation appears to be an important factor in CNS pathogenicity. Furthermore, some researchers have proposed that CNS colonization of the intramammary environment has a protective effect against other pathogens. The mechanisms behind the protective effect of CNS have yet to be characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CNS isolates with a weak-biofilm phenotype on the biofilm formation of other staphylococcal isolates. We selected 10 CNS with a weak-biofilm phenotype and 30 staphylococcal isolates with a strong-biofilm phenotype for this study. We measured biofilm production by individual isolates using a standard polystyrene microtiter plate assay and compared the findings with biofilm produced in mixed cultures. We confirmed the results using confocal microscopy and a microfluidic system with low shear force. Four of the CNS isolates with a weak-biofilm phenotype (Staphylococcus chromogenes C and E and Staphylococcus simulans F and H) significantly reduced biofilm formation in approximately 80% of the staphylococcal species tested, including coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The 4 Staph. chromogenes and Staph. simulans isolates were also able to disperse pre-established biofilms, but to a lesser extent. We also performed a deferred antagonism assay and recorded the number of colony-forming units in the mixed-biofilm assays on differential or selective agar plates. Overall, CNS with a weak-biofilm phenotype did not inhibit the growth of isolates with a strong-biofilm phenotype. These results suggest that some CNS isolates can negatively affect the ability of other staphylococcal isolates and species to form biofilms via a mechanism that does not involve growth inhibition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2017-12629
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Article ; Online: Definitions, rates and associated mortality of ICU-acquired pneumonia: A multicenter cohort study.

Johnstone, Jennie / Muscedere, John / Dionne, Joanna / Duan, Erick / Rochwerg, Bram / Centofanti, John / Oczkowski, Simon / Lauzier, Francois / Marshall, John / Heels-Ansdell, Diane / Daneman, Nick / Mehta, Sangeeta / Arabi, Yaseen / Zytaruk, Nicole / Dodek, Peter / Adhikari, Neill K / Karachi, Tim / Charbonney, Emmanuel / Stelfox, Henry T /

Kristof, Arnold S / Ball, Ian / Hand, Lori / Fowler, Rob / Zarychanski, Ryan / Arnaud, Charles St / Takaoka, Alyson / Kutsogiannis, James / Khwaja, Kosar / Sligl, Wendy / Loubani, Osama / Tsang, Jennifer / Lamarche, Daphnee / Bowdish, Dawn / Surette, Michael / Cook, Deborah

Journal of critical care

2023 Volume 75, Page(s) 154284

Abstract: Introduction: We aimed to analyze intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia according to 7 definitions, estimating associated hospital mortality.: Methods: This cohort study was nested within an international randomized trial, evaluating the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: We aimed to analyze intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia according to 7 definitions, estimating associated hospital mortality. Methods: This cohort study was nested within an international randomized trial, evaluating the effect of probiotics on ICU-acquired pneumonia in 2650 mechanically ventilated adults. Each clinically suspected pneumonia was adjudicated by two physicians blinded to allocation and center. The primary outcome was ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) informed by ventilation for ≥2 days, new, progressive or persistent infiltrate plus 2 of: temperature > 38 °C or < 36 °C; leukopenia (<3 × 10(Fernando et al., 2020 Results: The frequency of ICU-acquired pneumonia varied by definition: the trial primary outcome VAP (21.6%), Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) (24.9%), American College Chest Physicians (ACCP) (25.0%), International Sepsis Forum (ISF) (24.4%), Reducing Oxidative Stress Study (REDOXS) (17.6%), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (7.8%), and invasively microbiologically confirmed (1.9%). The trial primary outcome VAP (HR 1.31 [1.08, 1.60]), ISF (HR 1.32 [1.09,1.60]), CPIS (HR 1.30 [1.08,1.58]) and ACCP definitions (HR 1.22 [1.00,1.47]) were associated with hospital mortality. Conclusions: Rates of ICU-acquired pneumonia vary by definition and are associated with differential increased risk of death.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology ; Intensive Care Units ; Hospital Mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632818-0
ISSN	1557-8615 ; 0883-9441
ISSN (online)	1557-8615
ISSN	0883-9441
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154284
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Article ; Online: Evaluating probiotics for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised placebo-controlled multicentre trial protocol and statistical analysis plan for PROSPECT.

Johnstone, Jennie / Heels-Ansdell, Diane / Thabane, Lehana / Meade, Maureen / Marshall, John / Lauzier, Francois / Duan, Erick Huaileigh / Zytaruk, Nicole / Lamarche, Daphnee / Surette, Michael / Cook, Deborah J

BMJ open

2019 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e025228

Abstract: Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection in critically ill patients. Prior studies suggest that probiotics may reduce VAP and other infections in critically ill patients; however, most ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection in critically ill patients. Prior studies suggest that probiotics may reduce VAP and other infections in critically ill patients; however, most previous randomised trials were small, single centre studies. The Probiotics: Prevention of Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial (PROSPECT) aims to determine the impact of the probiotic Methods: PROSPECT is a multicentre, concealed, randomised, stratified, blinded, controlled trial in patients ≥18 years old, anticipated to be mechanically ventilated ≥72 hours, in intensive care units (ICUs) in Canada, the USA and Saudi Arabia. Patients receive either 1×10 Ethics and dissemination: This protocol and statistical analysis plan outlines the methodology, primary and secondary analyses, sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. PROSPECT is approved by Health Canada (#9427-M1133-45C), the research ethics boards of all participating hospitals and Public Health Ontario. Results will be disseminated via academic channels (peer reviewed journal publications, professional healthcare fora including international conferences) and conventional and social media. The results of PROSPECT will inform practice guidelines worldwide. Trialregistration number: NCT02462590; Pre-results.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Canada ; Clinical Protocols ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Saudi Arabia ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025228
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Article ; Online: Characterization of the ability of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the milk of Canadian farms to form biofilms.

Tremblay, Yannick D N / Lamarche, Daphnée / Chever, Pauline / Haine, Denis / Messier, Serge / Jacques, Mario

Journal of dairy science

2013 Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) 234–246

Abstract: Mastitis is the most common and detrimental infection of the mammary gland in dairy cows and has a major economic impact on the production of milk and dairy products. Bacterial mastitis is caused by several pathogens, and the most frequently isolated ... ...

Abstract	Mastitis is the most common and detrimental infection of the mammary gland in dairy cows and has a major economic impact on the production of milk and dairy products. Bacterial mastitis is caused by several pathogens, and the most frequently isolated bacterial species are coagulase-negative staphylocci (CNS). Although CNS are considered minor mastitis pathogens, the importance of CNS has increased over the years. However, the mechanism and factors involved in CNS intramammary infection are poorly studied and defined. Biofilms have been proposed as an important component in the persistence of CNS intramammary infection. Biofilms are defined as a cluster of bacteria enclosed in a self-produced matrix. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability of CNS to form biofilms. A total of 255 mastitis-associated CNS isolates were investigated using a standard microtiter plate biofilm assay. The biofilms of some isolates were also observed by using confocal microscopy. The presence of biofilm-associated genes icaA, bap, aap, embP, fbe, and atlE was determined by PCR in the 255 isolates. The 5 dominant species assayed were Staphylococcus chromogenes (n=111), Staphylococcus simulans (n=53), Staphylococcus xylosus (n=25), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=15), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=13), and these represented 85% of the isolates. The data gathered were analyzed to identify significant links with the data deposited in the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network database. Overall, Staph. xylosus is the species with the strongest ability to form biofilm, and Staph. epidermidis is the species with the lowest ability to form biofilm. Regardless of the species, the presence of icaA, bap, or the combination of multiple genes was associated with a greater ability to form biofilm. A strong relationship between the strength of a biofilm and days in milk was also noted, and CNS isolated later in the lactation cycle appeared to have a greater ability to form biofilm than those isolated earlier in the lactation cycle. In conclusion, Staph. xylosus is the species with the strongest biofilm formation ability. Furthermore, days in milk and gene combinations are predicted to be the variables with the strongest effect on biofilm formation by CNS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Canada ; Cattle ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; Female ; Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; Microscopy, Confocal/veterinary ; Milk/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary ; Staphylococcus/genetics ; Staphylococcus/growth & development ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/growth & development
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2012-5795
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