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Article: Precision medicine and implications in medical education.

Lamichhane, Pratik / Agrawal, Anushka

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2023 Volume 85, Issue 4, Page(s) 1342–1345

Abstract: Precision medicine (PM) is a revolutionary approach that gathers and analyzes massive amounts of data on patient's history, lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors to tailor the most effective treatment for the patient. The low utilization of PM in ...

Abstract	Precision medicine (PM) is a revolutionary approach that gathers and analyzes massive amounts of data on patient's history, lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors to tailor the most effective treatment for the patient. The low utilization of PM in healthsector today can be tackled with the introduction of PM in medical education. In near future, medical education will observe gradual integration of PM in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. The increased need of training of faculties, protection of patient's data and the use of advanced technologies are the likely ramifications of introduction of PM in medical education and healthcare.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1097/MS9.0000000000000298
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Article ; Online: Ice crystallization and structural changes in cheese during freezing and frozen storage: implications for functional properties.

Digvijay / Kelly, Alan L / Lamichhane, Prabin

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2023 , Page(s) 1–24

Abstract: Temperature-mediated preservation techniques offer a simple, scalable, effective, and fairly efficient method of long-term storage of food products. In order to ensure the uninterrupted availability of cheese across the globe, a critical understanding of ...

Abstract	Temperature-mediated preservation techniques offer a simple, scalable, effective, and fairly efficient method of long-term storage of food products. In order to ensure the uninterrupted availability of cheese across the globe, a critical understanding of its techno-functional properties as affected by freezing and frozen storage is essential. Detailed studies of temperature-mediated molecular dynamics are available for relatively simpler and homogeneous systems like pure water, proteins, and carbohydrates. However, for heterogeneous systems like cheese, inter-component interactions at sub-zero temperatures have not been extensively covered. Ice crystallization during freezing causes dehydration of caseins and the formation of concentration gradients within the cheese matrix, causing undesirable changes in texture-functional attributes, but findings vary due to experimental conditions. A suitable combination of sample size, freezing rate, aging, and tempering can extend the shelf life of high- and low-moisture Mozzarella cheese. However, limited studies on other cheeses suggest that effects and suitability differ by cheese type, in most cases adversely affecting texture and functional attributes. This review presents an overview of the understanding of the effects of refrigeration, freezing techniques, and frozen storage on structural components of cheese, most prominently Mozzarella cheese, and the corresponding impact on microstructure and functionality. Also included are the mechanism of ice formation and relevant mathematical models for estimation of the thermophysical properties of cheese to assist in designing optimized schemes for their frozen storage. The review also highlights the lack of unanimity in critical understanding concerning the effect of freezing on the long-term storage of Mozzarella cheese with respect to its functionality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2023.2277357
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Zs.A 1459: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Attitudes and Practices Toward Sex-Selective Abortion in an Urban District of Nepal: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Regmi, Khusbu / Shrestha, Binjwala / Shakya, Sujata / Lamichhane, Prabhat

Asia-Pacific journal of public health

2023 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–58

Abstract: Nepal, a country with deeply ingrained patriarchal values and culture, has limited evidence regarding the practices of sex selection and sex-selective abortion. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes and practices surrounding sex-selective ... ...

Abstract	Nepal, a country with deeply ingrained patriarchal values and culture, has limited evidence regarding the practices of sex selection and sex-selective abortion. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes and practices surrounding sex-selective abortion (SSA) and the factors associated with it. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 320 women between the ages of 15 and 49, who had at least one child under the age of 5 and lived in the Bhaktapur district, Nepal. A total of 19.7% of the participants had undergone an abortion, with 39.6% of those being SSAs. Factors like women empowerment and preference for smaller family size are associated with women's favorable attitude toward SSA. In multivariate analysis, women who faced pressure from their families to have a son and those who were aware of Nepal's abortion laws were more likely to abort a female fetus.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult ; Abortion, Eugenic ; Abortion, Induced ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Nepal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1025444-4
ISSN	1941-2479 ; 1010-5395
ISSN (online)	1941-2479
ISSN	1010-5395
DOI	10.1177/10105395231218051
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Zs.A 2802: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lamichhane, Pratik / Pokhrel, Kailash Mani / Pokharel, Pashupati / Bhandari, Bijay / Lamichhane, Pratima / Regmi, Prakash Raj

International journal of cardiology

2022 Volume 358, Page(s) 110–119

Abstract: Introduction: Most countries in South Asia are endemic for rheumatic heart disease (RHD). We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of RHD in South Asia from population-based screening studies.: Methods: A systematic strategy was developed and used ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Most countries in South Asia are endemic for rheumatic heart disease (RHD). We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of RHD in South Asia from population-based screening studies. Methods: A systematic strategy was developed and used to search online databases for articles which described the prevalence of RHD in the South Asia region. Articles published in the English language between 1991 and 2021 were included in the review after fulfilling eligibility criteria. Results: The pooled prevalence of RHD in South Asia was 2.79 per 1000 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.30-4.83) according to studies using auscultation followed by echocardiography of suspected cases and 18.28 per 1000 (95% CI: 11.59-26.44) for studies using echocardiography screening of all participants. The highest prevalence of 8.0 per 1000 (95% CI: 0.71-22.74) was observed in Pakistan, whereas the lowest prevalence of 0.32 per 1000 (95% CI: 0.18-0.48) was observed in Bangladesh. The prevalence of RHD has decreased to 2.30 per 1000 from 3.06 per 1000 by 24.84% in 30 years (1991-2021). The prevalence is more than twice higher using WHF criteria compared to WHO criteria. We observed no sex-related differences in prevalence (p = 0.16). Conclusions: The prevalence of RHD is still high in the South Asian population. Recent studies utilizing echocardiographic screening have identified subclinical cases of RHD, reflecting the significant burden of the disease in this region. More population-based echocardiography screening studies in every country in South Asia are required to estimate the accurate prevalence of the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Echocardiography ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pakistan ; Prevalence ; Rheumatic Heart Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Rheumatic Heart Disease/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	779519-1
ISSN	1874-1754 ; 0167-5273
ISSN (online)	1874-1754
ISSN	0167-5273
DOI	10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.04.010
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Zs.A 1673: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of degradation efficacy and toxicity mitigation for 4-nitrophenol using argon and air-mixed argon plasma jets.

Acharya, Tirtha Raj / Lamichhane, Prajwal / Jaiswal, Apurva / Kaushik, Neha / Kaushik, Nagendra Kumar / Choi, Eun Ha

Chemosphere

2024 , Page(s) 142211

Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of argon (Ar) and that of Ar mixed with ambient air (Ar-Air) cold plasma jets (CPJs) on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation using low input power. The introduction of ambient air into the Ar-Air plasma jet enhances ... ...

Abstract	This paper investigates the effects of argon (Ar) and that of Ar mixed with ambient air (Ar-Air) cold plasma jets (CPJs) on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation using low input power. The introduction of ambient air into the Ar-Air plasma jet enhances ionization-driven processes during high-voltage discharge by utilizing nitrogen and oxygen molecules from ambient air, resulting in increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production, which synergistically interacts with argon. This substantial generation of RONS establishes Ar-Air plasma jet as an effective method for treating 4-NP contamination in deionized water (DW). Notably, the Ar-Air plasma jet treatment outperforms that of the Ar jet. It achieves a higher degradation rate of 97.2% and a maximum energy efficiency of 57.3 gkW
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142211
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Zs.A 2540: Show issues

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Article: Antiretroviral drug use and the risk of falls in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lamichhane, Pratik / Koutentakis, Michail / Rathi, Sushma / Ode, Ayomide D / Trivedi, Hirak / Zafar, Summiya / Lamichhane, Pratima / Gupta, Prahlad / Ghimire, Rakesh

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2023 Volume 85, Issue 12, Page(s) 6105–6114

Abstract: Objective: The risk of falls in people living with HIV (PLHIVs) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has received little attention in the literature. The aim of the meta-analysis is to quantify the association between fall risk and various categories of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The risk of falls in people living with HIV (PLHIVs) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has received little attention in the literature. The aim of the meta-analysis is to quantify the association between fall risk and various categories of drugs used in ART. Material and methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to January 2023. Any observational study or controlled trial that reported on the relationship of at least one antiretroviral drug with falls in PLHIVs was included. Data on the frequency of single fallers, multiple fallers (≥2 falls), and non-fallers were extracted and studied for each drug and drug category. The pooled results were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of five observational studies (51 675 participants) were included out of 414 articles obtained through a literature review. Stavudine use was found to be associated with an increased risk of single falls in PLHIVs (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08-2.66, Conclusion: Most drug categories of ART have no significant association with the risk of falls in PLHIVs. However, certain drugs, such as didanosine and stavudine, which have the inherent effect of causing balance deficits and neuropathy, should be used cautiously.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1097/MS9.0000000000001411
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Article: Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis: Call for greater attention to Nepal.

Lamichhane, Saral / Pokhrel, Amrit / Lamichhane, Prakriti

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2022 Volume 81, Page(s) 104363

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104363
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Article: Iodine deficiency and thyroid dysfunction: Current scenario in Nepal.

Lamichhane, Saral / Acharya, Surya Kiran / Lamichhane, Prakriti

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2022 Volume 82, Page(s) 104673

Abstract: Iodine deficiency is a major cause of thyroid disorders worldwide. Nepal lies in the endemic area of iodine deficiency which was previously referred to as Himalayan goiter belt, with high prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders including goiter, ... ...

Abstract	Iodine deficiency is a major cause of thyroid disorders worldwide. Nepal lies in the endemic area of iodine deficiency which was previously referred to as Himalayan goiter belt, with high prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders including goiter, cretinism and hypothyroidism. With effective implementation of universal salt iodization program, Nepal has a successful public health story to share having drastically reduced the iodine deficiency disorders. Moreover, challenge has appeared with rising number of excess iodine states. Thyroid dysfunction is growing higher and the increasing proportion of hyperthyroidism is particularly concerning. Time has come for us to suitably review the standards of salt iodization and control the increasing number of cases with thyroid dysfunction by the coordinated efforts of all stakeholders, along with sustaining the optimal level of iodine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104673
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Article ; Online: Enhancing Anti-G Antibody Induction by a Live Single-Cycle Prefusion F-Expressing RSV Vaccine Improves In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy.

Lamichhane, Pramila / Terhüja, Megolhubino / Snider, Timothy A / Oomens, Antonius G P

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 11

Abstract: The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory tract disease, and a vaccine is not available. We previously reported a novel live vaccine expressing prefusion-stabilized fusion protein (preF) in place of the native F ... ...

Abstract	The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory tract disease, and a vaccine is not available. We previously reported a novel live vaccine expressing prefusion-stabilized fusion protein (preF) in place of the native F protein (RSV-preF
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines ; Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics
Chemical Substances	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines ; Viral Fusion Proteins ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14112474
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Article ; Online: Potential Drug-drug Interactions among Hospital Discharge Prescriptions in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Bhandari, Bijay / Lamichhane, Pratik / Yadav, Dipendra / Bajracharya, Sangha Ratna

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2022 Volume 60, Issue 246, Page(s) 146–150

Abstract: Introduction: In our setup, potential drug-drug interactions are overlooked in routine clinical practice. In general, most of the discharges are handwritten in the developing world, and the discharge prescriptions are not checked with the database for ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In our setup, potential drug-drug interactions are overlooked in routine clinical practice. In general, most of the discharges are handwritten in the developing world, and the discharge prescriptions are not checked with the database for potential drug-drug interactions checker. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in the prescribed drugs in clinical practice in a tertiary care centre of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center from October 2019 to December 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 394(6-11)E2/075/76). Through simple random sampling, the data about drug prescription was collected from the patient discharge records of the Department of Internal Medicine. The potential drug interactions were checked by using Lexicomp® drug interactions. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and mode. Results: Among 382 discharge prescriptions, the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was 299 (78.3%) (74.1-82.4 at 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 1519 drug interactions with a mean of 5.08±3.89 drug interactions per prescription was identified. The major, moderate and minor drug-drug interactions according to the severity were found to be 163 (10.7%), 1162 (76.5%), and 178 (11.7%) respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions is high among the patients on discharge compared to similar studies. Use of drug-drug interactions checker databases before discharge with computer-based discharge prescriptions is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Prescriptions ; Humans ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Patient Discharge ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Tertiary Care Centers
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
DOI	10.31729/jnma.7065
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