LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 13

Search options

  1. Article: The natural environment, plant diversity, and adult asthma: A retrospective observational study using the CDC's 500 Cities Project Data

    Donovan, Geoffrey H. / Landry, Shawn M. / Gatziolis, Demetrios

    Health & Place. 2021 Jan., v. 67

    2021  

    Abstract: A wealth of evidence links microbial exposure to better human immune function. However, few studies have examined whether exposure to plant diversity is protective of immune diseases, despite the fact that plant leaves support ~1026 bacterial cells. ... ...

    Abstract A wealth of evidence links microbial exposure to better human immune function. However, few studies have examined whether exposure to plant diversity is protective of immune diseases, despite the fact that plant leaves support ~1026 bacterial cells. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 500 cities project data, we found that a 1-SD increase in exposure to taxonomic plant diversity is associated with a 5.3 (95% CI: 4.2–6.4; p < 0.001) percentage-point decline in Census-tract level adult-asthma rate. In contrast, A 1-SD increase in overall greenness exposure (measured using the normalized difference vegetation index) was associated with a 3.8 (95% CI: 2.9–4.8; p < 0.001) percentage-point increase in adult-asthma rate. Interactions between air pollution and both overall greenness and plant diversity were positive, suggesting that air pollution may potentiate the allergic effects of plant pollen. Results show that the relationship between the natural environment and asthma may be more complex than previously thought, and the combination of air pollution and plant pollen may be a particular risk factor for asthma in adults.
    Keywords adults ; air pollution ; asthma ; humans ; immune response ; normalized difference vegetation index ; observational studies ; pollen ; risk factors ; species diversity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-01
    Publishing place Elsevier BV
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1262540-1
    ISSN 1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
    ISSN (online) 1873-2054
    ISSN 1353-8292
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102494
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Synergistic effects of precipitation and groundwater extraction on freshwater wetland inundation.

    Balerna, Jessica A / Kramer, Andrew M / Landry, Shawn M / Rains, Mark C / Lewis, David B

    Journal of environmental management

    2023  Volume 337, Page(s) 117690

    Abstract: Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, flood protection, and biodiversity support, that are sensitive to changes in wetland hydrology. Wetland hydrological inputs come from precipitation, groundwater discharge, and ... ...

    Abstract Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, flood protection, and biodiversity support, that are sensitive to changes in wetland hydrology. Wetland hydrological inputs come from precipitation, groundwater discharge, and surface run-off. Changes to these inputs via climate variation, groundwater extraction, and land development may alter the timing and magnitude of wetland inundation. Here, we use a long-term (14-year) comparative study of 152 depressional wetlands in west-central Florida to identify sources of variation in wetland inundation during two key time periods, 2005-2009 and 2010-2018. These time periods are separated by the enactment of water conservation policies in 2009, which included regional reductions in groundwater extraction. We investigated the response of wetland inundation to the interactive effects of precipitation, groundwater extraction, surrounding land development, basin geomorphology, and wetland vegetation class. Results show that water levels were lower and hydroperiods were shorter in wetlands of all vegetation classes during the first (2005-2009) time period, which corresponded with low rainfall conditions and high rates of groundwater extraction. Under water conservation policies enacted in the second (2010-2018) time period, median wetland water depths increased 1.35 m and median hydroperiods increased from 46 % to 83 %. Water-level variation was additionally less sensitive to groundwater extraction. The increase in inundation differed among vegetation classes with some wetlands not displaying signs of hydrological recovery. After accounting for effects of several explanatory factors, inundation still varied considerably among wetlands, suggesting a diversity of hydrological regimes, and thus ecological function, among individual wetlands across the landscape. Policies seeking to balance human water demand with the preservation of depressional wetlands would benefit by recognizing the heightened sensitivity of wetland inundation to groundwater extraction during periods of low precipitation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Wetlands ; Ecosystem ; Groundwater ; Fresh Water ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117690
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article: The Impact of Visual Defects and Neighboring Trees on Wind-Related Tree Failures

    Nelson, Michael F. / Klein, Ryan W. / Koeser, Andrew K. / Landry, Shawn M. / Kane, Brian

    Forests. 2022 June 22, v. 13, no. 7

    2022  

    Abstract: Urban trees are often more sun- and wind-exposed than their forest-grown counterparts. These environmental differences can impact how many species grow–impacting trunk taper, crown spread, branch architecture, and other aspects of tree form. Given these ... ...

    Abstract Urban trees are often more sun- and wind-exposed than their forest-grown counterparts. These environmental differences can impact how many species grow–impacting trunk taper, crown spread, branch architecture, and other aspects of tree form. Given these differences, windthrow models derived from traditional forest production data sources may not be appropriate for urban forest management. Additionally, visual abnormalities historically labeled as “defects” in timber production, may not have a significant impact on tree failure potential. In this study, we look at urban tree failures associated with Hurricane Irma in Tampa, Florida, USA. We used spatial analysis to determine if patterns of failure existed among our inventoried trees. We also looked at risk assessment data to determine which visual defects were the most common and the most likely to be associated with branch or whole-tree failure. Results indicate that there was no spatial pattern associated with the observed tree failures–trees failed or withstood the storm as individuals. While some defects like decay and dead wood were associated with increased tree failure, other defects such as weak branch unions and poor branch architecture were less problematic.
    Keywords dead wood ; hurricanes ; risk assessment ; timber production ; trees ; urban forests ; windthrow ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0622
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2527081-3
    ISSN 1999-4907
    ISSN 1999-4907
    DOI 10.3390/f13070978
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: The natural environment, plant diversity, and adult asthma: A retrospective observational study using the CDC's 500 Cities Project Data.

    Donovan, Geoffrey H / Landry, Shawn M / Gatziolis, Demetrios

    Health & place

    2020  Volume 67, Page(s) 102494

    Abstract: A wealth of evidence links microbial exposure to better human immune function. However, few studies have examined whether exposure to plant diversity is protective of immune diseases, despite the fact that plant leaves support ~ ... ...

    Abstract A wealth of evidence links microbial exposure to better human immune function. However, few studies have examined whether exposure to plant diversity is protective of immune diseases, despite the fact that plant leaves support ~10
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Cities ; Environment ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1262540-1
    ISSN 1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
    ISSN (online) 1873-2054
    ISSN 1353-8292
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102494
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article: Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning to Locate Groundwater Discharge to Salmon-Bearing Streams

    Gerlach, Mary E. / Rains, Kai C. / Guerrón-Orejuela, Edgar J. / Kleindl, William J. / Downs, Joni / Landry, Shawn M. / Rains, Mark C.

    Remote Sensing. 2021 Dec. 24, v. 14, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: We hypothesized topographic features alone could be used to locate groundwater discharge, but only where diagnostic topographic signatures could first be identified through the use of limited field observations and geologic data. We built a geodatabase ... ...

    Abstract We hypothesized topographic features alone could be used to locate groundwater discharge, but only where diagnostic topographic signatures could first be identified through the use of limited field observations and geologic data. We built a geodatabase from geologic and topographic data, with the geologic data only covering ~40% of the study area and topographic data derived from airborne LiDAR covering the entire study area. We identified two types of groundwater discharge: shallow hillslope groundwater discharge, commonly manifested as diffuse seeps, and aquifer-outcrop groundwater discharge, commonly manifested as springs. We developed multistep manual procedures that allowed us to accurately predict the locations of both types of groundwater discharge in 93% of cases, though only where geologic data were available. However, field verification suggested that both types of groundwater discharge could be identified by specific combinations of topographic variables alone. We then applied maximum entropy modeling, a machine learning technique, to predict the prevalence of both types of groundwater discharge using six topographic variables: profile curvature range, with a permutation importance of 43.2%, followed by distance to flowlines, elevation, topographic roughness index, flow-weighted slope, and planform curvature, with permutation importance of 20.8%, 18.5%, 15.2%, 1.8%, and 0.5%, respectively. The AUC values for the model were 0.95 for training data and 0.91 for testing data, indicating outstanding model performance.
    Keywords groundwater ; lidar ; model validation ; models ; roughness ; spatial data ; topographic slope
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1224
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2513863-7
    ISSN 2072-4292
    ISSN 2072-4292
    DOI 10.3390/rs14010063
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: Urban forest response to Hurricane Irma: The role of landscape characteristics and sociodemographic context

    Landry, Shawn M / Koeser, Andrew K / Kane, Brian / Hilbert, Deborah R / McLean, Drew C / Andreu, Michael / Staudhammer, Christina L

    Urban forestry & urban greening. 2021 June, v. 61

    2021  

    Abstract: While often considered “open grown,” urban trees are often found in relatively close proximity to neighboring trees, buildings, and other elements of urban infrastructure. These spatial arrangements may provide wind protection during severe weather ... ...

    Abstract While often considered “open grown,” urban trees are often found in relatively close proximity to neighboring trees, buildings, and other elements of urban infrastructure. These spatial arrangements may provide wind protection during severe weather events such as hurricanes. Beyond this very local scale, urban tree abundance and condition are often influenced by the greater sociodemographic context of the neighborhood or community where they are found. In an effort to assess the impact of these external factors on wind firmness after Hurricane Irma impacted Florida in 2017, we revisited three urban areas that had previously been inventoried using sample plots prior to the storm. At each plot we assessed storm damage and characterized surrounding protective elements (i.e., buildings and other trees) using a combination of ground-based and aerial approaches. This was then paired with block group level sociodemographic data derived from the United States Census. Logistic regression results confirmed previous research, showing that partial and whole tree failure were significantly more likely with a larger stem diameter (p = 0.001) and perceived/previously documented lower wind firmness (p = 0.004). However, our results disagreed with previous studies linking species diversity and resilience, showing tree failure was significantly more likely with higher Shannon Diversity Index (p = 0.008). A comparative geographically weighted logistic regression model also found that the higher proportions of African American residents and Hispanic residents, and the median age of residents were significant predictors of less likely tree failure in 30 %, 36 %, and 20 % of plots, respectively. However, this evidence was weak, compared to that of tree- and plot-level effects. Despite being a key predictor of interest, we did not see any significant protective effect from neighboring trees or structures.
    Keywords firmness ; hurricanes ; infrastructure ; landscapes ; protective effect ; regression analysis ; species diversity ; storm damage ; trees ; urban forestry ; urban forests ; wind ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 1618-8667
    DOI 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127093
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article: Assessing effects of urban vegetation height on land surface temperature in the City of Tampa, Florida, USA

    Yu, Qiuyan / Acheampong, Michael / Pu, Ruiliang / Landry, Shawn M. / Ji, Wenjie / Dahigamuwa, Thilanki

    International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation. 2018 Dec., v. 73

    2018  

    Abstract: Urban vegetation can mitigate urban heat island (UHI) due to its ability to regulate temperature by directly or indirectly influencing water vapor transport, shading effect, and wind speed and direction. Mechanisms of effects of vegetation cover on land ... ...

    Abstract Urban vegetation can mitigate urban heat island (UHI) due to its ability to regulate temperature by directly or indirectly influencing water vapor transport, shading effect, and wind speed and direction. Mechanisms of effects of vegetation cover on land surface temperature (LST) have been extensively documented. Few studies, however, have examined the role of vegetation height in controlling LST. In this study, we examined the relationship between LST and vegetation height by using Light Detection and Range (LiDAR) data from the city of Tampa, Florida, USA. The results revealed that vegetation height has significant impact on LST. Additionally, we also identified the optimal height and fractional cover at which vegetation can exert the greatest influence on LST. In particular, we found that the maximum cooling effect of vegetation can only be achieved when vegetation cover is above 93.33%, an amount of which is nearly impossible to have in most of the cities. On the other hand, LST decreases at an increasing rate with vegetation height, and is optimized at 20 m. This shows that vegetation height can play an important role in regulating UHI in contributing to effect maximization with least cover possible in a city. Findings derived from this study could provide urban planners with critical insights on precise and efficient urban vegetation management in the purpose of UHI mitigation.
    Keywords heat island ; lidar ; spatial data ; surface temperature ; vegetation cover ; water vapor ; wind speed ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-12
    Size p. 712-720.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1569-8432
    DOI 10.1016/j.jag.2018.08.016
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article: Can professionals gauge likelihood of failure? – Insights from tropical storm Matthew

    Koeser, Andrew K / Thomas Smiley, E / Hauer, Richard J / Kane, Brian / Klein, Ryan W / Landry, Shawn M / Sherwood, Michael

    Urban forestry & urban greening. 2020 June, v. 52

    2020  

    Abstract: Visual risk assessment remains the primary means of gauging urban tree safety and is a key facet of storm preparation and response. While past research has investigated the reproducibility of risk assessment methodologies (i.e., precision), few, if any, ... ...

    Abstract Visual risk assessment remains the primary means of gauging urban tree safety and is a key facet of storm preparation and response. While past research has investigated the reproducibility of risk assessment methodologies (i.e., precision), few, if any, studies truly address the accuracy of current inspection practices – especially with regard to the characterization of likelihood of failure. In 2016, Hurricane Matthew made landfall in the Southeastern United States as a lower-intensity tropical storm, impacting several urban sites where tree risk assessments had been conducted in the recent past. After the storm, 2069 trees on 5 properties were revisited to assess storm damage. The vast majority (93%) of trees survived Matthew intact, with 6% of the assessed population suffering partial (i.e., branch) failure and the remaining 1% experiencing whole-tree failure. Failure rates differed by species, with age, and given the presence of external defects. The presence of dead branches (P-value < 0.001), deep planting (P-value < 0.001), severe stem-girdling roots (P-value = 0.020), and previous wounding (P-value = 0.016) were associated with increased likelihood of failure. The original risk assessments were fairly accurate: 94.1% of trees assessed as having an “imminent” likelihood of failure were damaged in the storm. In contrast, 38.8% of trees rated as “probable”, 15.3% of tree rated “possible”, 0.0% of trees rated “improbable” with regard to likelihood of failure were damaged during the storm.
    Keywords dead wood ; girdling ; hurricanes ; planting ; professionals ; risk assessment ; roots ; storm damage ; trees ; urban areas ; Southeastern United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-06
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1618-8667
    DOI 10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126701
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article: Carbon and nitrogen pools and mobile fractions in surface soils across a mangrove saltmarsh ecotone

    Lewis, David Bruce / Jimenez, Kristine L. / Abd-Elrahman, Amr / Andreu, Michael G. / Landry, Shawn M. / Northrop, Robert J. / Campbell, Cassandra / Flower, Hilary / Rains, Mark C. / Richards, Christina L.

    Science of the total environment. 2021 Dec. 01, v. 798

    2021  

    Abstract: In the subtropics, climate change is pushing woody mangrove forests into herbaceous saltmarshes, altering soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, with implications for coastal wetland productivity and C and N exports. We quantified total C and N pools, ... ...

    Abstract In the subtropics, climate change is pushing woody mangrove forests into herbaceous saltmarshes, altering soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, with implications for coastal wetland productivity and C and N exports. We quantified total C and N pools, and mobile fractions including extractable mineral N, extractable organic C and N, and active (aerobically mineralizable) C and N, in surface soils (top 7.6 cm) of adjacent mangrove (primarily Avicennia germinans) and saltmarsh (Juncus roemerianus) vegetation zones in tidal wetlands of west-central Florida (USA). We tested whether surface-soil accumulations of C, N, and their potentially mobile fractions are greater in mangrove than in saltmarsh owing to greater accumulations in the mangrove zone of soil organic matter (SOM) and fine mineral particles (C- and N-retaining soil constituents). Extractable organic fractions were 39–45% more concentrated in mangrove than in saltmarsh surface soil, and they scaled steeply and positively with SOM and fine mineral particle (silt + clay) concentrations, which themselves were likewise greater in mangrove soil. Elevation may drive this linkage. Mangrove locations were generally at lower elevations, which tended to have greater fine particle content in the surface soil. Active C and extractable mineral N were marginally (p < 0.1) greater in mangrove soil, while active N, total N, and total C showed no statistical differences between zones. Extractable organic C and N fractions composed greater shares of total C and N pools in mangrove than in saltmarsh surface soils, which is meaningful for ecosystem function, as persistent leaching of this fraction can perpetuate nutrient limitation. The active (mineralizable) C and N fractions we observed constituted a relatively small component of total C and N pools, suggesting that mangrove surface soils may export less C and N than would be expected from their large total C and N pools.
    Keywords Avicennia germinans ; Juncus roemerianus ; carbon ; clay ; climate change ; ecological function ; ecotones ; mangrove soils ; nitrogen ; salt marshes ; silt ; soil carbon ; soil organic matter ; total nitrogen ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1201
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149328
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Carbon and nitrogen pools and mobile fractions in surface soils across a mangrove saltmarsh ecotone.

    Lewis, David Bruce / Jimenez, Kristine L / Abd-Elrahman, Amr / Andreu, Michael G / Landry, Shawn M / Northrop, Robert J / Campbell, Cassandra / Flower, Hilary / Rains, Mark C / Richards, Christina L

    The Science of the total environment

    2021  Volume 798, Page(s) 149328

    Abstract: In the subtropics, climate change is pushing woody mangrove forests into herbaceous saltmarshes, altering soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, with implications for coastal wetland productivity and C and N exports. We quantified total C and N pools, ... ...

    Abstract In the subtropics, climate change is pushing woody mangrove forests into herbaceous saltmarshes, altering soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, with implications for coastal wetland productivity and C and N exports. We quantified total C and N pools, and mobile fractions including extractable mineral N, extractable organic C and N, and active (aerobically mineralizable) C and N, in surface soils (top 7.6 cm) of adjacent mangrove (primarily Avicennia germinans) and saltmarsh (Juncus roemerianus) vegetation zones in tidal wetlands of west-central Florida (USA). We tested whether surface-soil accumulations of C, N, and their potentially mobile fractions are greater in mangrove than in saltmarsh owing to greater accumulations in the mangrove zone of soil organic matter (SOM) and fine mineral particles (C- and N-retaining soil constituents). Extractable organic fractions were 39-45% more concentrated in mangrove than in saltmarsh surface soil, and they scaled steeply and positively with SOM and fine mineral particle (silt + clay) concentrations, which themselves were likewise greater in mangrove soil. Elevation may drive this linkage. Mangrove locations were generally at lower elevations, which tended to have greater fine particle content in the surface soil. Active C and extractable mineral N were marginally (p < 0.1) greater in mangrove soil, while active N, total N, and total C showed no statistical differences between zones. Extractable organic C and N fractions composed greater shares of total C and N pools in mangrove than in saltmarsh surface soils, which is meaningful for ecosystem function, as persistent leaching of this fraction can perpetuate nutrient limitation. The active (mineralizable) C and N fractions we observed constituted a relatively small component of total C and N pools, suggesting that mangrove surface soils may export less C and N than would be expected from their large total C and N pools.
    MeSH term(s) Carbon ; Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Soil ; Wetlands
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149328
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top