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Article ; Online: COVID-19 outbreak among physicians at a Canadian curling bonspiel: a descriptive observational study.

Burak, Kelly W / Law, Sampson / Rice, Chris / Hu, Jia / Fung, Christopher I / Woo, Allan K H / Fonseca, Kevin / Lang, Amanda L S / Kanji, Jamil N / Meatherall, Bonnie L

CMAJ open

2021 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) E87–E95

Abstract: Background: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to occur among individuals who congregate in large groups, especially during indoor activities. Our objective was to provide a detailed clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to occur among individuals who congregate in large groups, especially during indoor activities. Our objective was to provide a detailed clinical description of an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that occurred after a sporting and social event during the early days of the pandemic. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of a curling bonspiel in Edmonton held on Mar. 11-14, 2020. We used standardized interviews between Apr. 17 and May 5, 2020, to collect demographic data, travel history, symptoms (type, onset and duration), self-reported testing results for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and clinical outcomes. We also obtained results of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G serology. Results: All 73 curlers (55 active health care workers) who participated in the bonspiel were interviewed for the study. Convalescent SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G serology was completed in 62 (85%) participants. Of the 73 participants (55 [75%] male, median age 51 [range 26-79] yr, 58 [79%] physicians), 40 curlers (55%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR; an additional 16 participants developed symptoms but had negative swabs or were not tested (14 were probable cases), for a 74% attack rate (confirmed or probable cases). Anosmia with ageusia or dysgeusia occurred in 39 of 54 (72%) confirmed or probable cases. The clinical course was mild in most participants (1 emergency visit, no hospital admissions). Transmission likely occurred from multiple individuals with minor nonspecific symptoms during the event, possibly during shared meals. Interpretation: The 74% attack rate (confirmed or probable cases) highlights the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 during sporting and social events. This reinforces the need for public health measures (masking, physical distancing and limiting the size of social gatherings) during future waves of COVID-19 in Canada.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Athletes ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Canada ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physicians ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sports ; Travel
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701622-5
ISSN	2291-0026 ; 2291-0026
ISSN (online)	2291-0026
ISSN	2291-0026
DOI	10.9778/cmajo.20200115
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Canada: a time-series study, 2020-2023.

Murphy, Tanya J / Swail, Hanna / Jain, Jaspreet / Anderson, Maureen / Awadalla, Philip / Behl, Lesley / Brown, Patrick E / Charlton, Carmen L / Colwill, Karen / Drews, Steven J / Gingras, Anne-Claude / Hinshaw, Deena / Jha, Prabhat / Kanji, Jamil N / Kirsh, Victoria A / Lang, Amanda L S / Langlois, Marc-André / Lee, Stephen / Lewin, Antoine /

O'Brien, Sheila F / Pambrun, Chantale / Skead, Kimberly / Stephens, David A / Stein, Derek R / Tipples, Graham / Van Caeseele, Paul G / Evans, Timothy G / Oxlade, Olivia / Mazer, Bruce D / Buckeridge, David L

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

2023 Volume 195, Issue 31, Page(s) E1030–E1037

Abstract: Background: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of reported cases of COVID-19 among Canadians was under 6%. Although high vaccine coverage was achieved in Canada by fall 2021, the Omicron variant caused unprecedented numbers ... ...

Abstract	Background: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of reported cases of COVID-19 among Canadians was under 6%. Although high vaccine coverage was achieved in Canada by fall 2021, the Omicron variant caused unprecedented numbers of infections, overwhelming testing capacity and making it difficult to quantify the trajectory of population immunity. Methods: Using a time-series approach and data from more than 900 000 samples collected by 7 research studies collaborating with the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (CITF), we estimated trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence owing to infection and vaccination for the Canadian population over 3 intervals: prevaccination (March to November 2020), vaccine roll-out (December 2020 to November 2021), and the arrival of the Omicron variant (December 2021 to March 2023). We also estimated seroprevalence by geographical region and age. Results: By November 2021, 9.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] 7.3%-11%) of people in Canada had humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from an infection. Seroprevalence increased rapidly after the arrival of the Omicron variant - by Mar. 15, 2023, 76% (95% CrI 74%-79%) of the population had detectable antibodies from infections. The rapid rise in infection-induced antibodies occurred across Canada and was most pronounced in younger age groups and in the Western provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. Interpretation: Data up to March 2023 indicate that most people in Canada had acquired antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 through natural infection and vaccination. However, given variations in population seropositivity by age and geography, the potential for waning antibody levels, and new variants that may escape immunity, public health policy and clinical decisions should be tailored to local patterns of population immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Alberta ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	215506-0
ISSN	1488-2329 ; 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
ISSN (online)	1488-2329
ISSN	0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
DOI	10.1503/cmaj.230249
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Article ; Online: Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-based detection of

Gillis, Hayley D / Lang, Amanda L S / ElSherif, May / Martin, Irene / Hatchette, Todd F / McNeil, Shelly A / LeBlanc, Jason J

BMJ open

2017 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) e015008

Abstract: Study design: Detection and serotyping of : Methods: Active surveillance for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalised adults was performed from December 2010 to 2013. Detection of pneumococcal CAP (CAP: Results: NP swab results were ... ...

Abstract	Study design: Detection and serotyping of Methods: Active surveillance for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalised adults was performed from December 2010 to 2013. Detection of pneumococcal CAP (CAP Results: NP swab results were compared against CAP cases where all pneumococcal tests were performed (n=434), or where at least one test was performed (n=1616). CAP Conclusions: While further optimisation may be needed to increase the sensitivity of PCR-based detection, its high specificity suggests there is a value for pneumococcal surveillance. With many laboratories archiving specimens for influenza virus surveillance, this specimen type could provide a non-culture-based method for pneumococcal surveillance.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Canada ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/microbiology ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serotyping ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Pneumococcal Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015008
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Article ; Online: Detection and differentiation of herpes simplex viruses by use of the viper platform: advantages, limitations, and concerns.

Lang, Amanda L S / Roberts, Catherine / Mazzulli, Tony / Hatchette, Todd F / LeBlanc, Jason J

Journal of clinical microbiology

2014 Volume 52, Issue 6, Page(s) 2186–2188

Abstract: The Viper HSV-Q(x) assay was evaluated for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in specimens from oral, anogenital, and other miscellaneous sites. The HSV-Q(x) assay was found to be highly sensitive and accurate; however, a gray zone ...

Abstract	The Viper HSV-Q(x) assay was evaluated for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in specimens from oral, anogenital, and other miscellaneous sites. The HSV-Q(x) assay was found to be highly sensitive and accurate; however, a gray zone may be required for specimens with values falling between 50 and 800 maximum relative fluorescence units.
MeSH term(s)	Fluorescence ; Genitalia/virology ; Herpes Genitalis/diagnosis ; Herpes Genitalis/virology ; Herpes Simplex/diagnosis ; Herpes Simplex/virology ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards ; Mouth/virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Simplexvirus/classification ; Simplexvirus/isolation & purification
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/JCM.03636-13
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Article: Recalibrated estimates of non-bacteremic and bacteremic pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized Canadian adults from 2010 to 2017 with addition of an extended spectrum serotype-specific urine antigen detection assay

Vaccine. 2022 Feb. 24,

2022

Abstract: In the context of age- and risk-based pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in Canada, this study presents updated data from active surveillance of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (pCAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in hospitalized ... ...

Abstract	In the context of age- and risk-based pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in Canada, this study presents updated data from active surveillance of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (pCAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in hospitalized adults from 2010 to 2017. S. pneumoniae was detected using culture (blood and sputum), and urine antigen detection (UAD). Serotyping was performed with Quellung, PCR, or using the PCV13- and PPV23 (non-PCV13)-specific UADs. Laboratory results, demographic, and outcome data were categorized by age (16–49, 50–64, and 65 +) and by disease [non-bacteremic pCAP, bacteremic pCAP, and IPD(non-CAP)]. 11,129 CAP cases and 216 cases of IPD (non-CAP) were identified. Laboratory testing for S. pneumoniae was performed in 8912 CAP cases, identifying 1264 (14.2%) as pCAP. Of pCAP cases, 811 (64.1%) were non-bacteremic and 455 (35.9%) were bacteremic. Adults 65 + years represented 54.5% of non-bacteremic pCAP, 41.4% of bacteremic pCAP, and 48.6% of IPD cases. Adults 50–64 years contributed 30.3%, 33.1%, and 29.9%, respectively. In pCAP, PCV13 serotypes declined between 2010 and 2014 due to declines in serotypes 7F and 19A, then plateaued from 2015 to 2017 with persistence of serotype 3. In later study years, non-bacteremic pCAP was predominant, and PPV23 (non-PCV13) serotypes increased from 2015 to 2017, with serotypes 22F, 11A, and 9 N being most frequently identified. Compared to non-pCAP, pCAP cases were more likely to be admitted to intensive care units and require mechanical ventilation. These outcomes and mortality were more common in bacteremic pCAP and IPD, versus non-bacteremic pCAP. Along with IPD, pCAP surveillance (bacteremic and non-bacteremic) is important as their trends may differ over time. With insufficient herd protection from PCV13 childhood immunization, or use of PPV23 in adults, this study supports direct adult immunization with PCV13 or higher valency conjugate vaccines to reduce the residual burden of pCAP and IPD.
Keywords	Streptococcus pneumoniae ; adults ; antigen detection ; blood ; childhood ; herds ; immunization ; monitoring ; mortality ; pneumonia ; serotypes ; urine ; vaccines ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0224
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.081
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Article ; Online: Multi-target plasmid controls for conventional and real-time PCR-based serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Schembri, Jack / Gillis, Hayley D / Lang, Amanda L S / Warhuus, Michelle / Martin, Irene / Demczuk, Walter / ElSherif, May / McNeil, Shelly A / LeBlanc, Jason J

Plasmid

2018 Volume 98, Page(s) 45–51

Abstract: Background: Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae is an integral part of disease surveillance, with over 92 serotypes characterized to date using traditional serotyping. To identify the most predominant disease causing serotypes, molecular serotyping ... ...

Abstract	Background: Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae is an integral part of disease surveillance, with over 92 serotypes characterized to date using traditional serotyping. To identify the most predominant disease causing serotypes, molecular serotyping methods are now increasingly being used, like conventional and real-time multiplex PCR (cmPCR and rmPCR, respectively). Given that cmPCR consists of eight reactions spanning 41 targets, and rmPCR consists of seven triplex reactions, standardizing positive controls for these assays is challenging. As such, a 43-target plasmid for cmPCR (pSpn-CM1) and a 23 target plasmid for rmPCR (pSpn-RM1) were designed and validated. Methods: Plasmid pSpn-RM1 was designed and synthesized as chimeric DNA sequences to include all PCR target primer binding sites sequences for cmPCR. Plasmid pSpn-RM1 consisted of all primer and probe sequences required for rmPCR. Additional targets (lytA and cpsA) were included in both plasmids for quantification, following their propagation and purification from Escherichia coli. Results: When tested using the cmPCR reactions, all targets could be reproducibly be detected using pSpn-CM1 as template, with good amplicon visibility at a concentration of 1.4 (± 0.3) × 10 Conclusions: These quantifiable multi-target plasmids simplify the preparation of controls for PCR-based serotyping of S. pneumoniae, and methods herein could be extended to other highly multiplexed PCR assays.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods ; DNA, Bacterial ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Plasmids/genetics ; Pneumococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Quality Control ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	282384-6
ISSN	1095-9890 ; 0147-619X
ISSN (online)	1095-9890
ISSN	0147-619X
DOI	10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.005
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Zs.A 1736: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Recalibrated estimates of non-bacteremic and bacteremic pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized Canadian adults from 2010 to 2017 with addition of an extended spectrum serotype-specific urine antigen detection assay.

Vaccine

2022 Volume 40, Issue 18, Page(s) 2635–2646

Abstract: Objective(s): In the context of age- and risk-based pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in Canada, this study presents updated data from active surveillance of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (pCAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): In the context of age- and risk-based pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in Canada, this study presents updated data from active surveillance of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (pCAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in hospitalized adults from 2010 to 2017. Methods: S. pneumoniae was detected using culture (blood and sputum), and urine antigen detection (UAD). Serotyping was performed with Quellung, PCR, or using the PCV13- and PPV23 (non-PCV13)-specific UADs. Laboratory results, demographic, and outcome data were categorized by age (16-49, 50-64, and 65 + ) and by disease [non-bacteremic pCAP, bacteremic pCAP, and IPD(non-CAP)]. Results: 11,129 CAP cases and 216 cases of IPD (non-CAP) were identified. Laboratory testing for S. pneumoniae was performed in 8912 CAP cases, identifying 1264 (14.2%) as pCAP. Of pCAP cases, 811 (64.1%) were non-bacteremic and 455 (35.9%) were bacteremic. Adults 65 + years represented 54.5% of non-bacteremic pCAP, 41.4% of bacteremic pCAP, and 48.6% of IPD cases. Adults 50-64 years contributed 30.3%, 33.1%, and 29.9%, respectively. In pCAP, PCV13 serotypes declined between 2010 and 2014 due to declines in serotypes 7F and 19A, then plateaued from 2015 to 2017 with persistence of serotype 3. In later study years, non-bacteremic pCAP was predominant, and PPV23 (non-PCV13) serotypes increased from 2015 to 2017, with serotypes 22F, 11A, and 9 N being most frequently identified. Compared to non-pCAP, pCAP cases were more likely to be admitted to intensive care units and require mechanical ventilation. These outcomes and mortality were more common in bacteremic pCAP and IPD, versus non-bacteremic pCAP. Conclusion(s): Along with IPD, pCAP surveillance (bacteremic and non-bacteremic) is important as their trends may differ over time. With insufficient herd protection from PCV13 childhood immunization, or use of PPV23 in adults, this study supports direct adult immunization with PCV13 or higher valency conjugate vaccines to reduce the residual burden of pCAP and IPD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Canada/epidemiology ; Child ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control ; Serogroup ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Vaccines, Conjugate
Chemical Substances	Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.081
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Detection and prediction of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes directly from nasopharyngeal swabs using PCR.

Lang, Amanda L S / McNeil, Shelly A / Hatchette, Todd F / Elsherif, May / Martin, Irene / LeBlanc, Jason J

Journal of medical microbiology

2015 Volume 64, Issue 8, Page(s) 836–844

Abstract: Monitoring Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution is important to assess the impact and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine programs. With the challenges of Quellung serotyping, PCR-based serotype prediction is increasingly being used for large- ...

Abstract	Monitoring Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution is important to assess the impact and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine programs. With the challenges of Quellung serotyping, PCR-based serotype prediction is increasingly being used for large-scale epidemiological studies. This study used real-time (RT)-PCR targeting the genes encoding autolysin (lytA) and capsular biosynthesis gene A (cpsA) of S. pneumoniae in nucleic acids extracted directly from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs submitted for viral studies. If the specimen was lytA or cpsA PCR-positive, then serotype prediction was performed on the same nucleic acid using eight conventional multiplex PCRs (cmPCRs) and seven real-time multiplex PCRs (rmPCRs). Of 1770 NP swabs, 132 (7.5 %) were lytA-positive and 122 (6.9 %) were positive for both targets (lytA and cpsA). Of the 122 lytA(+)cpsA(+) specimens, a serotype could be assigned in 52 (41.8 %) using cmPCR alone and the yield was increased to 70 (57.4 %) with the addition of rmPCR. Based on sensitivity, incremental yield and more efficient workflow, an algorithm was proposed where lytA and cpsA RT-PCR screening was followed by serotype deduction using rmPCR and a modified set of four instead of eight cmPCRs. This algorithm was validated for use on NP swabs, and the distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes deduced from this approach showed good concordance with those obtained with cultured isolates serotyped by Quellung and PCR. Overall, molecular detection and serotyping of S. pneumoniae from NP swabs was found to be a valuable tool to assess S. pneumoniae colonization and monitor trends in serotype distribution.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase/genetics ; Nasopharynx/microbiology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Serogroup ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; CpsA protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae ; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase (EC 3.5.1.28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	218356-0
ISSN	1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
ISSN (online)	1473-5644
ISSN	0022-2615
DOI	10.1099/jmm.0.000097
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Article ; Online: PCR-based discrimination of emerging Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 22F and 33F.

Gillis, Hayley D / Demczuk, Walter H B / Griffith, Averil / Martin, Irene / Warhuus, Michelle / Lang, Amanda L S / ElSherif, May / McNeil, Shelly A / LeBlanc, Jason J

Journal of microbiological methods

2017 Volume 144, Page(s) 99–106

Abstract: Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae is important to monitor disease epidemiology and assess the impact of pneumococcal vaccines. Traditionally, the Quellung reaction used serotype-specific antibodies to classify S. pneumoniae based on differences in ... ...

Abstract	Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae is important to monitor disease epidemiology and assess the impact of pneumococcal vaccines. Traditionally, the Quellung reaction used serotype-specific antibodies to classify S. pneumoniae based on differences in capsular antigens. More recently, PCR-based serotype deduction relying on serotype-specific capsule biosynthesis genes has been broadly applied for pneumococcal surveillance. However, PCR-based serotyping lacks discrimination for certain S. pneumoniae serotypes, including the differentiation of serotype 22F from 22A, and serotype 33F from 33A and 37. Serotypes 22F and 33F are emerging serotypes that are absent in the currently licensed 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, but present in the new candidate 15-valent formulation. This study validated novel PCR reactions to detect and discriminate S. pneumoniae serotypes 22F and 33F. In order to differentiate S. pneumoniae serotypes 22F or 33F from genetically similar serotypes, two novel PCR reactions were designed and validated. The specificity of all PCR targets was evaluated using all 92 different S. pneumoniae serotypes, as well as 32 other streptococci. Reproducibility was evaluated using geographically and genetically diverse strains of S. pneumoniae serotypes 22F and 22A, or serotypes 33F, 33A, and 37 that were previously characterized by reputable reference laboratories. Overall, S. pneumoniae serotypes 22F and 33F could be accurately and reproducibly be detected and discriminated using PCR alone. Such a molecular serotyping approach provides a valuable diagnostic tool that is feasible in any molecular laboratory, to enable pneumococcal serotype surveillance and subsequent assessment of the impact of the new 15-valent candidate pneumococcal vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Capsules/genetics ; Bacterial Capsules/immunology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods ; Humans ; Molecular Typing/methods ; Pneumococcal Infections/immunology ; Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serogroup ; Serotyping/methods ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology ; Vaccines, Conjugate/therapeutic use ; Whole Genome Sequencing
Chemical Substances	Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604916-3
ISSN	1872-8359 ; 0167-7012
ISSN (online)	1872-8359
ISSN	0167-7012
DOI	10.1016/j.mimet.2017.11.017
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Article: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 is masking PCV13-mediated herd immunity in Canadian adults hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia: A study from the Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) Network of the Canadian immunization research Network (CIRN)

Vaccine. 2019 Aug. 23, v. 37, no. 36

2019

Abstract: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recently shown to be effective against PCV13-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAPSpn) in healthy adults aged ≥65 years, prompting many ... ...

Abstract	The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recently shown to be effective against PCV13-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAPSpn) in healthy adults aged ≥65 years, prompting many countries to re-assess adult immunization. In Canada, the potential benefits of adult PCV13 immunization were unclear given anticipated herd immunity from PCV13 childhood immunization introduced since 2010. This study describes the serotype distribution and clinical outcomes of Canadian adults aged ≥16 years, who were hospitalized with CAPSpn and IPD from 2010 to 2015.Active surveillance for CAP and IPD was performed in adult hospitals across five Canadian provinces. IPD was identified when Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from sterile sites. Bacteremic and non-bacteremic CAPSpn were identified using blood culture, and sputum culture or PCV13-specific urine antigen detection (UADPCV13), respectively. Serotype was assigned using Quellung reaction, PCR, or UADPCV13.Of 6687 CAP cases where a test was performed, S. pneumoniae positivity decreased from 15.9% in 2011 to 8.8% in 2014, but increased to 12.9% in 2015. CAPSpn attributed to PCV13 serotypes followed a similar trend, dropping from 8.3% in 2010 to 4.6% in 2014, but increasing to 6.3% in 2015. The decline was primarily attributed to serotypes 7F and 19A, and the proportional increase to serotype 3. Similar trends were noted for bacteremic and non-bacteremic CAPSpn. Serious outcomes such as 30-day mortality, intensive care unit admission, and requirement for mechanical ventilation were prominent in CAPSpn and IPD cases, but remained unchanged over the study years.Herd immunity afforded primarily by serotypes 7F and 19A appears to be partly masked by a concomitant proportional increase of serotype 3. Despite evidence of herd immunity, these PCV13 serotypes remain persistent in Canadian adults hospitalized with CAPSpn, and represent between 5 and 10% of all CAP in this patient population.
Keywords	adults ; antigen detection ; blood ; childhood ; herd immunity ; hospitals ; immunization ; monitoring ; mortality ; patients ; pneumonia ; polymerase chain reaction ; serotypes ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; urine ; vaccines ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0823
Size	p. 5466-5473.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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