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  1. Article ; Online: Breast cancers as ecosystems: a metabolic perspective.

    Martino, Flavia / Lupi, Mariadomenica / Giraudo, Enrico / Lanzetti, Letizia

    Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

    2023  Volume 80, Issue 9, Page(s) 244

    Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the major causes of cancer death. Despite enormous progress in its management, both from the therapeutic and early diagnosis viewpoints, still around 700,000 patients succumb to the ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the major causes of cancer death. Despite enormous progress in its management, both from the therapeutic and early diagnosis viewpoints, still around 700,000 patients succumb to the disease each year, worldwide. Late recurrency is the major problem in BC, with many patients developing distant metastases several years after the successful eradication of the primary tumor. This is linked to the phenomenon of metastatic dormancy, a still mysterious trait of the natural history of BC, and of several other types of cancer, by which metastatic cells remain dormant for long periods of time before becoming reactivated to initiate the clinical metastatic disease. In recent years, it has become clear that cancers are best understood if studied as ecosystems in which the impact of non-cancer-cell-autonomous events-dependent on complex interaction between the cancer and its environment, both local and systemic-plays a paramount role, probably as significant as the cell-autonomous alterations occurring in the cancer cell. In adopting this perspective, a metabolic vision of the cancer ecosystem is bound to improve our understanding of the natural history of cancer, across space and time. In BC, many metabolic pathways are coopted into the cancer ecosystem, to serve the anabolic and energy demands of the cancer. Their study is shedding new light on the most critical aspect of BC management, of metastatic dissemination, and that of the related phenomenon of dormancy and fostering the application of the knowledge to the development of metabolic therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-023-04902-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A novel function of Rab5 in mitosis.

    Lanzetti, Letizia

    Small GTPases

    2012  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 168–172

    Abstract: Several membrane trafficking proteins have been shown to participate in spindle assembly and stability during mitosis. Despite the fact that the role of some of them has been clarified, the requirement for these molecules in mitosis is still poorly ... ...

    Abstract Several membrane trafficking proteins have been shown to participate in spindle assembly and stability during mitosis. Despite the fact that the role of some of them has been clarified, the requirement for these molecules in mitosis is still poorly understood.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/analysis ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/analysis ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Mitosis ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/analysis ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Microfilament Proteins ; centromere protein F ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2682247-7
    ISSN 2154-1256 ; 2154-1248
    ISSN (online) 2154-1256
    ISSN 2154-1248
    DOI 10.4161/sgtp.19987
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties.

    Sigismund, Sara / Lanzetti, Letizia / Scita, Giorgio / Di Fiore, Pier Paolo

    Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 9, Page(s) 625–643

    Abstract: Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially ... ...

    Abstract Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially modified in recent years by discoveries that endocytosis and subsequent trafficking routes have a profound impact on the positive regulation and propagation of signals, being key for the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transmission in cells. Accordingly, endocytosis and membrane trafficking regulate virtually every aspect of cell physiology and are frequently subverted in pathological conditions. Two key aspects of endocytic control over signalling are coming into focus: context-dependency and long-range effects. First, endocytic-regulated outputs are not stereotyped but heavily dependent on the cell-specific regulation of endocytic networks. Second, endocytic regulation has an impact not only on individual cells but also on the behaviour of cellular collectives. Herein, we will discuss recent advancements in these areas, highlighting how endocytic trafficking impacts complex cell properties, including cell polarity and collective cell migration, and the relevance of these mechanisms to disease, in particular cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Endocytosis/physiology ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Morphogenesis ; Signal Transduction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2031313-5
    ISSN 1471-0080 ; 1471-0072
    ISSN (online) 1471-0080
    ISSN 1471-0072
    DOI 10.1038/s41580-021-00375-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Actin in membrane trafficking.

    Lanzetti, Letizia

    Current opinion in cell biology

    2007  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 453–458

    Abstract: Actin cytoskeleton remodeling provides the forces required for a variety of cellular processes based on membrane dynamics, such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and vesicular trafficking at the Golgi. All these events are coordinated by networks of associated ...

    Abstract Actin cytoskeleton remodeling provides the forces required for a variety of cellular processes based on membrane dynamics, such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and vesicular trafficking at the Golgi. All these events are coordinated by networks of associated proteins, and some of them are functionally connected with cell migration. The site and the duration of actin polymerization, in connection with vesicle budding and fusion, are tightly controlled by both small GTPases and the large GTPase dynamin. Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms coupling actin dynamics with membrane trafficking at the cell surface have been brought by the combined studies of actin polymerizing factors and of the endocytic/exocytic machinery.
    MeSH term(s) Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Endocytosis/physiology ; Exocytosis/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Protein Transport ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
    Chemical Substances Actins ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1026381-0
    ISSN 1879-0410 ; 0955-0674
    ISSN (online) 1879-0410
    ISSN 0955-0674
    DOI 10.1016/j.ceb.2007.04.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: KRAS-Driven Metabolic Rewiring Reveals Novel Actionable Targets in Cancer.

    Pupo, Emanuela / Avanzato, Daniele / Middonti, Emanuele / Bussolino, Federico / Lanzetti, Letizia

    Frontiers in oncology

    2019  Volume 9, Page(s) 848

    Abstract: Tumors driven by mutant KRAS are among the most aggressive and refractory to treatment. Unfortunately, despite the efforts, targeting alterations of this GTPase, either directly or by acting on the downstream signaling cascades, has been, so far, largely ...

    Abstract Tumors driven by mutant KRAS are among the most aggressive and refractory to treatment. Unfortunately, despite the efforts, targeting alterations of this GTPase, either directly or by acting on the downstream signaling cascades, has been, so far, largely unsuccessful. However, recently, novel therapeutic opportunities are emerging based on the effect that this oncogenic lesion exerts in rewiring the cancer cell metabolism. Cancer cells that become dependent on KRAS-driven metabolic adaptations are sensitive to the inhibition of these metabolic routes, revealing novel therapeutic windows of intervention. In general, mutant KRAS fosters tumor growth by shifting cancer cell metabolism toward anabolic pathways. Depending on the tumor, KRAS-driven metabolic rewiring occurs by up-regulating rate-limiting enzymes involved in amino acid, fatty acid, or nucleotide biosynthesis, and by stimulating scavenging pathways such as macropinocytosis and autophagy, which, in turn, provide building blocks to the anabolic routes, also maintaining the energy levels and the cell redox potential (1). This review will discuss the most recent findings on mutant KRAS metabolic reliance in tumor models of pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer, also highlighting the role that these metabolic adaptations play in resistance to target therapy. The effects of constitutive KRAS activation in glycolysis elevation, amino acids metabolism reprogramming, fatty acid turnover, and nucleotide biosynthesis will be discussed also in the context of different genetic landscapes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2649216-7
    ISSN 2234-943X
    ISSN 2234-943X
    DOI 10.3389/fonc.2019.00848
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Emerging functions of the EGFR in cancer.

    Sigismund, Sara / Avanzato, Daniele / Lanzetti, Letizia

    Molecular oncology

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–20

    Abstract: The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and breast cancer and in glioblastoma, the EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. ...

    Abstract The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and breast cancer and in glioblastoma, the EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. Inappropriate activation of the EGFR in cancer mainly results from amplification and point mutations at the genomic locus, but transcriptional upregulation or ligand overproduction due to autocrine/paracrine mechanisms has also been described. Moreover, the EGFR is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of resistance in tumors, as its amplification or secondary mutations have been found to arise under drug pressure. This evidence, in addition to the prominent function that this receptor plays in normal epithelia, has prompted intense investigations into the role of the EGFR both at physiological and at pathological level. Despite the large body of knowledge obtained over the last two decades, previously unrecognized (herein defined as 'noncanonical') functions of the EGFR are currently emerging. Here, we will initially review the canonical ligand-induced EGFR signaling pathway, with particular emphasis to its regulation by endocytosis and subversion in human tumors. We will then focus on the most recent advances in uncovering noncanonical EGFR functions in stress-induced trafficking, autophagy, and energy metabolism, with a perspective on future therapeutic applications.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autophagy/physiology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Endocytosis/physiology ; Endosomes/metabolism ; ErbB Receptors/genetics ; ErbB Receptors/physiology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Stress, Physiological
    Chemical Substances Ligands ; EGFR protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2415106-3
    ISSN 1878-0261 ; 1574-7891
    ISSN (online) 1878-0261
    ISSN 1574-7891
    DOI 10.1002/1878-0261.12155
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  7. Article ; Online: Behind the Scenes: Endo/Exocytosis in the Acquisition of Metastatic Traits.

    Lanzetti, Letizia / Di Fiore, Pier Paolo

    Cancer research

    2017  Volume 77, Issue 8, Page(s) 1813–1817

    Abstract: Alterations of endo/exocytic proteins have long been associated with malignant transformation, and genes encoding membrane trafficking proteins have been identified ... ...

    Abstract Alterations of endo/exocytic proteins have long been associated with malignant transformation, and genes encoding membrane trafficking proteins have been identified as
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism ; Carcinogenesis/pathology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Endocytosis/physiology ; Exocytosis/physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3403
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Sema4C/PlexinB2 signaling controls breast cancer cell growth, hormonal dependence and tumorigenic potential.

    Gurrapu, Sreeharsha / Pupo, Emanuela / Franzolin, Giulia / Lanzetti, Letizia / Tamagnone, Luca

    Cell death and differentiation

    2018  Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 1259–1275

    Abstract: Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C) expression in human breast cancers correlates with poor disease outcome. Surprisingly, upon knock-down of Sema4C or its receptor PlexinB2 in diverse mammary carcinoma cells (but not their normal counterparts), we observed dramatic ... ...

    Abstract Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C) expression in human breast cancers correlates with poor disease outcome. Surprisingly, upon knock-down of Sema4C or its receptor PlexinB2 in diverse mammary carcinoma cells (but not their normal counterparts), we observed dramatic growth inhibition associated with impairment of G2/M phase transition, cytokinesis defects and the onset of cell senescence. Mechanistically, we demonstrated a Sema4C/PlexinB2/LARG-dependent signaling cascade that is required to maintain critical RhoA-GTP levels in cancer cells. Interestingly, we also found that Sema4C upregulation in luminal-type breast cancer cells drives a dramatic phenotypic change, with disassembly of polarity complexes, mitotic spindle misorientation, cell-cell dissociation and increased migration and invasiveness. We found that this signaling cascade is dependent on the PlexinB2 effectors ErbB2 and RhoA-dependent kinases. Moreover, Sema4C-overexpressing luminal breast cancer cells upregulated the transcription factors Snail, Slug and SOX-2, and formed estrogen-independent metastatic tumors in mice. In sum, our data indicate that Sema4C/PlexinB2 signaling is essential for the growth of breast carcinoma cells, featuring a novel potential therapeutic target. In addition, elevated Sema4C expression enables indolent luminal-type tumors to become resistant to estrogen deprivation, invasive and metastatic in vivo, which could account for its association with a subset of human breast cancers with poor prognosis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Semaphorins/genetics ; Semaphorins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Signal Transduction/genetics
    Chemical Substances Estrogens ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; PLXNB2 protein, human ; Sema4c protein, human ; Semaphorins ; ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1225672-9
    ISSN 1476-5403 ; 1350-9047
    ISSN (online) 1476-5403
    ISSN 1350-9047
    DOI 10.1038/s41418-018-0097-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Kinesin-2 Controls the Motility of RAB5 Endosomes and Their Association with the Spindle in Mitosis.

    Pupo, Emanuela / Avanzato, Daniele / Scianna, Marco / Oldani, Amanda / Serini, Guido / Lanzetti, Letizia

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2018  Volume 19, Issue 9

    Abstract: RAB5 is a small GTPase that belongs to the wide family of Rab proteins and localizes on early endosomes. In its active GTP-bound form, RAB5 recruits downstream effectors that, in turn, are responsible for distinct aspects of early endosome function, ... ...

    Abstract RAB5 is a small GTPase that belongs to the wide family of Rab proteins and localizes on early endosomes. In its active GTP-bound form, RAB5 recruits downstream effectors that, in turn, are responsible for distinct aspects of early endosome function, including their movement along microtubules. We previously reported that, at the onset of mitosis, RAB5positive vesicles cluster around the spindle poles and, during metaphase, move along spindle microtubules. RNAi-mediated depletion of the three RAB5 isoforms delays nuclear envelope breakdown at prophase and severely affects chromosome alignment and segregation. Here we show that depletion of the Kinesin-2 motor complex impairs long-range movement of RAB5 endosomes in interphase cells and prevents localization of these vesicles at the spindle during metaphase. Similarly to the effect caused by RAB5 depletion, functional ablation of Kinesin-2 delays nuclear envelope breakdown resulting in prolonged prophase. Altogether these findings suggest that endosomal transport at the onset of mitosis is required to control timing of nuclear envelope breakdown.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line ; Endosomes/physiology ; Humans ; Interphase ; Kinesin/genetics ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Metaphase ; Microtubules/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances KIF2A protein, human ; RAB5C protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Kinesin (EC 3.6.4.4) ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms19092575
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  10. Article ; Online: Rebound Effects Caused by Withdrawal of MET Kinase Inhibitor Are Quenched by a MET Therapeutic Antibody.

    Pupo, Emanuela / Ducano, Nadia / Lupo, Barbara / Vigna, Elisa / Avanzato, Daniele / Perera, Timothy / Trusolino, Livio / Lanzetti, Letizia / Comoglio, Paolo M

    Cancer research

    2016  Volume 76, Issue 17, Page(s) 5019–5029

    Abstract: MET oncogene amplification is emerging as a major mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapy in lung and colorectal cancers. Furthermore, MET amplification predicts responsiveness to MET inhibitors currently in clinical trials. Among the ... ...

    Abstract MET oncogene amplification is emerging as a major mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapy in lung and colorectal cancers. Furthermore, MET amplification predicts responsiveness to MET inhibitors currently in clinical trials. Among the anti-MET drugs available, ATP-competitive small-molecule kinase inhibitors abrogate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream activation of ERK1/2 and AKT, resulting in cell-cycle arrest. However, this antiproliferative effect allows persistence of a pool of cancer cells that are quiescent but alive. Once the inhibition is removed, rebound activation of MET-driven cell proliferative pathways and tumor growth may occur, an adverse event observed frequently in clinical settings after drug discontinuation. Here we show that inhibitor withdrawal prompts receptor phosphorylation to levels higher than those displayed at steady-state and generates a rebound effect pushing quiescent cancer cells back into the cell cycle, both in vitro and in experimental tumor models in vivo Mechanistically, we found that inhibitor treatment blocks MET endocytosis, causing a local increase in the number of receptors at the plasma membrane. Upon inhibitor washout, the receptor is readily rephosphorylated. The initial phosphorylation is not only increased but also prolonged in duration due to downmodulation of a phosphatase-mediated MET-negative feedback loop, which accompanies receptor internalization. Notably, treatment with a MET therapeutic antibody that induces proteolytic cleavage of the receptor at the cell surface substantially prevents this rebound effect, providing a rationale to combine or alternate these mechanistically different types of MET-targeted therapy. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5019-29. ©2016 AACR.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; MET protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-3107
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