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Article: Human-Borne Pathogens: Are They Threatening Wild Great Ape Populations?

Köster, Pamela C. / Lapuente, Juan / Cruz, Israel / Carmena, David / Ponce-Gordo, Francisco

Veterinary sciences. 2022 July 13, v. 9, no. 7

2022

Abstract: Climate change and anthropic activities are the two main factors explaining wild great ape habitat reduction and population decline. The extent to which human-borne infectious diseases are contributing to this trend is still poorly understood. This is ... ...

Abstract	Climate change and anthropic activities are the two main factors explaining wild great ape habitat reduction and population decline. The extent to which human-borne infectious diseases are contributing to this trend is still poorly understood. This is due to insufficient or fragmented knowledge on the abundance and distribution of current wild great ape populations, the difficulty obtaining optimal biological samples for diagnostic testing, and the scarcity of pathogen typing data of sufficient quality. This review summarises current information on the most clinically relevant pathogens of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal nature for which transmission from humans to wild great apes is suspected. After appraising the robustness of available epidemiological and/or molecular typing evidence, we attempt to categorise each pathogen according to its likelihood of truly being of human origin. We further discuss those agents for which anthroponotic transmission is more likely. These include two viral (Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus), one bacterial (diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli), and two parasitic (Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis) pathogens. Finally, we identify the main drawbacks impairing research on anthroponotic pathogen transmission in wild great apes and propose research lines that may contribute to bridging current knowledge gaps.
Keywords	Cryptosporidium ; Giardia lamblia ; Human metapneumovirus ; Pongidae ; Respiratory syncytial virus ; climate change ; disease transmission ; enterovirulent Escherichia coli group ; fungi ; habitats ; humans ; pathogens ; population dynamics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0713
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci9070356
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Human-Borne Pathogens: Are They Threatening Wild Great Ape Populations?

Köster, Pamela C / Lapuente, Juan / Cruz, Israel / Carmena, David / Ponce-Gordo, Francisco

Veterinary sciences

2022 Volume 9, Issue 7

Abstract	Climate change and anthropic activities are the two main factors explaining wild great ape habitat reduction and population decline. The extent to which human-borne infectious diseases are contributing to this trend is still poorly understood. This is due to insufficient or fragmented knowledge on the abundance and distribution of current wild great ape populations, the difficulty obtaining optimal biological samples for diagnostic testing, and the scarcity of pathogen typing data of sufficient quality. This review summarises current information on the most clinically relevant pathogens of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal nature for which transmission from humans to wild great apes is suspected. After appraising the robustness of available epidemiological and/or molecular typing evidence, we attempt to categorise each pathogen according to its likelihood of truly being of human origin. We further discuss those agents for which anthroponotic transmission is more likely. These include two viral (Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus), one bacterial (diarrhoeagenic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci9070356
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Article ; Online: Status and distribution of Comoé Chimpanzees: combined use of transects and camera traps to quantify a low-density population in savanna-forest mosaic.

Lapuente, Juan / Ouattara, Amara / Köster, Pamela C / Linsenmair, K Eduard

Primates; journal of primatology

2020 Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 647–659

Abstract: The West African chimpanzee is critically endangered (CR). From 1990 to 2007, Ivory Coast lost 90% of its population to habitat destruction and poaching. In order to effectively implement conservation measures, we need to determine the status of any ... ...

Abstract	The West African chimpanzee is critically endangered (CR). From 1990 to 2007, Ivory Coast lost 90% of its population to habitat destruction and poaching. In order to effectively implement conservation measures, we need to determine the status of any remaining populations in the country. The chimpanzee population of Comoé National Park (CNP) was assumed to have been severely depleted following the politico-military crisis of 2002-2011. Surveys in 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2014 failed to find significant evidence of chimpanzees in the park, leading managers to believe that no sustainable population was left. To evaluate status and distribution of chimpanzees in CNP, in 2015 we conducted a stratified survey in our study area in the southwest of the park. Over the next 3 years, we conducted recce walks in the north, east, and center of the park, and in 2017 we collected additional data on distribution of chimpanzees during the full park survey for elephants. Additionally, for the first time in northern Ivory Coast, we carried out a local nest decay study. In our main study area, we estimated a density of 0.14 weaned chimpanzees/km
MeSH term(s)	Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Pan troglodytes ; Parks, Recreational ; Population Density
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-07
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2100453-5
ISSN	1610-7365 ; 0032-8332
ISSN (online)	1610-7365
ISSN	0032-8332
DOI	10.1007/s10329-020-00816-3
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Article ; Online: Intra-articular infiltration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells slows the clinical progression of moderate-severe knee osteoarthritis: hypothesis on the regulatory role of intra-articular adipose tissue.

Lapuente, Juan Pedro / Dos-Anjos, Severiano / Blázquez-Martínez, Alejandro

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research

2020 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 137

Abstract: Background: The infiltration of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of autologous adipose tissue to treat osteoarthritis has been used for several years demonstrating its safety and noticeable efficacy. This article presents clinical data from patients ... ...

Abstract	Background: The infiltration of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of autologous adipose tissue to treat osteoarthritis has been used for several years demonstrating its safety and noticeable efficacy. This article presents clinical data from patients afftected by moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis demonstrating safety and clinical efficacy of the treatment when this autologous cell product is injected in the knee joint and patients evaluated post-operatively after 1 year. However, what do we know about the mechanism that underlies this clinical improvement? This article proposes, for the first time in our opinion, a hypothesis of the mode of action that involves structural and molecular interactions between SVF and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). As consequence, there would be a re-education of intra-articular adipose tissue, which we consider a key player for the clinical effect observed in the mid and long term mainly due to immuno-regulatory mechanisms. Methods: This is a retrospective and not controlled study that evaluated 50 patients (100 joints) ranging from 50 to 89 years old, separated by age cohorts. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Lequesne, WOMAC, and VAS scales, by ultrasound control and quantification of the biochemical profiles of synovial fluid. Results: There were no serious adverse effects. All the indexes studied showed a significant clinical improvement after 1-year follow-up for all ages and OA degree groups. This finding was correlated with the ultrasound observations and biochemical data, which show a marked decrease in catabolic and pro-inflammatory molecules (MMP-2, IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-8) and significant increase for anabolic and anti-inflammatory molecules (IGF-1 and IL-10). Conclusions: We conclude that intra-articular SVF infiltration for knee OA treatment is safe and effective during 1 year. We propose that applied SVF cells cause a cascade of molecular and structural events that, through complex interactions between IFP and SVF, re-educating the intra-articular fatty tissue towards a homeostatic, protective, and anti-inflammatory function, which will ultimately promote the restructuring and regeneration of damaged tissues.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Adipose Tissue/physiology ; Adipose Tissue/transplantation ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular/methods ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnosis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stromal Cells/physiology ; Stromal Cells/transplantation ; Synovial Fluid/physiology ; Transplantation, Autologous/methods ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1749-799X
ISSN (online)	1749-799X
DOI	10.1186/s13018-020-01664-z
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Article: Biological Approach in the Treatment of External Popliteal Sciatic Nerve (Epsn) Neurological Injury: Review.

León-Andrino, Alejandro / Noriega, David C / Lapuente, Juan P / Pérez-Valdecantos, Daniel / Caballero-García, Alberto / Herrero, Azael J / Córdova, Alfredo

Journal of clinical medicine

2022 Volume 11, Issue 10

Abstract: The external popliteal sciatic nerve (EPSN) is the nerve of the lower extremity most frequently affected by compressive etiology. Its superficial and sinuous anatomical course is closely related to other rigid anatomical structures and has an important ... ...

Abstract	The external popliteal sciatic nerve (EPSN) is the nerve of the lower extremity most frequently affected by compressive etiology. Its superficial and sinuous anatomical course is closely related to other rigid anatomical structures and has an important dynamic neural component. Therefore, this circumstance means that this nerve is exposed to multiple causes of compressive etiology. Despite this fact, there are few publications with extensive case studies dealing with treatment. In this review, we propose to carry out a narrative review of the neuropathy of the EPSN, including an anatomical reminder, its clinical presentation and diagnosis, as well as its surgical and biological approach. The most novel aspect we propose is the review of the possible role of biological factors in the reversal of this situation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11102804
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Book ; Online ; Thesis: The Chimpanzees of the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast. Status, distribution, ecology and behavior

Lapuente, Juan M. [Verfasser] / Linsenmair, Karl Eduard [Gutachter] / Hicks, Thurston Cleveland [Gutachter]

2021

Author's details	Juan M. Lapuente ; Gutachter: Karl Eduard Linsenmair, Thurston Cleveland Hicks
Keywords	Tiere (Zoologie) ; Animals (Zoology)
Subject code	sg590
Language	English
Publisher	Universität Würzburg
Publishing place	Würzburg
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article ; Online: Fluid dipping technology of chimpanzees in Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast.

Lapuente, Juan / Hicks, Thurston C / Linsenmair, K Eduard

American journal of primatology

2016 Volume 79, Issue 5

Abstract: Over a 6 month period during the dry season, from the end of October 2014 to the beginning of May 2015, we studied tool use behavior of previously unstudied and non-habituated savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in the Comoé National Park, ...

Abstract	Over a 6 month period during the dry season, from the end of October 2014 to the beginning of May 2015, we studied tool use behavior of previously unstudied and non-habituated savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast (CI). We analyzed all the stick tools and leaf-sponges found that the chimpanzees used to forage for ants, termites, honey, and water. We found a particular behavior to be widespread across different chimpanzee communities in the park, namely, dipping for water from tree holes using sticks with especially long brush-tip modifications, using camera traps, we recorded adults, juveniles, and infants of three communities displaying this behavior. We compared water dipping and honey dipping tools used by Comoé chimpanzees and found significant differences in the total length, diameter, and brush length of the different types of fluid-dipping tools used. We found that water dipping tools had consistently longer and thicker brush-tips than honey dipping tools. Although this behavior was observed only during the late dry season, the chimpanzees always had alternative water sources available, like pools and rivers, in which they drank without the use of a tool. It remains unclear whether the use of a tool increases efficient access to water. This is the first time that water dipping behavior with sticks has been found as a widespread and well-established behavior across different age and sex classes and communities, suggesting the possibility of cultural transmission. It is crucial that we conserve this population of chimpanzees, not only because they may represent the second largest population in the country, but also because of their unique behavioral repertoire.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; Parks, Recreational ; Tool Use Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1495834-X
ISSN	1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
ISSN (online)	1098-2345
ISSN	0275-2565
DOI	10.1002/ajp.22628
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Article ; Online: Enteric protists in wild western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and humans in Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire.

Köster, Pamela C / Lapuente, Juan / Dashti, Alejandro / Bailo, Begoña / Muadica, Aly S / González-Barrio, David / Calero-Bernal, Rafael / Ponce-Gordo, Francisco / Carmena, David

Primates; journal of primatology

2022 Volume 63, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–49

Abstract: The western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), a subspecies of the common chimpanzee, is currently listed as Critically Endangered. Human-driven habitat loss and infectious diseases are causing dramatic chimpanzee population declines and range ... ...

Abstract	The western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), a subspecies of the common chimpanzee, is currently listed as Critically Endangered. Human-driven habitat loss and infectious diseases are causing dramatic chimpanzee population declines and range contractions that are bringing these primates to the brink of extinction. Little information is currently available on the occurrence of diarrhoea-causing enteric protist species in chimpanzees in general, and in western chimpanzees in particular, or on the role of humans as a potential source of these infections. In this prospective molecular epidemiological study, we investigated the presence, genetic variability, and zoonotic potential of enteric protists in faecal samples from western chimpanzees (n = 124) and humans (n = 9) in Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. Parasite detection and genotyping were conducted by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. The protist species found in the chimpanzee samples were Entamoeba dispar (14.5%), Blastocystis sp. (11.3%), Giardia duodenalis (5.8%), Troglodytella abrassarti (2.5%) and Cryptosporidium hominis (0.8%). The protist species found in the human samples were G. duodenalis (22.2%) and Blastocystis sp. (11.1%). Entamoeba histolytica, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Balantioides coli were undetected in both chimpanzee and human samples. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of Blastocystis subtype (ST) 1 (alleles 4 and 8) and ST3 (allele 24) in chimpanzees, and ST3 (allele 52) in humans. ST1 allele 8 represents a chimpanzee-adapted Blastocystis genetic variant. Cross-species transmission of pathogenic enteric protists between chimpanzees and humans might be possible in Comoé National Park, although the frequency and extent of zoonotic events remain to be fully elucidated.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis ; Cryptosporidium/genetics ; Feces ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes ; Parks, Recreational ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-08
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2100453-5
ISSN	1610-7365 ; 0032-8332
ISSN (online)	1610-7365
ISSN	0032-8332
DOI	10.1007/s10329-021-00963-1
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Article: Presence and genetic diversity of enteric protists in captive and semi-captive non-human primates in côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Peru

Köster, Pamela C. / Lapuente, Juan / Pizarro, Andrea / Prieto-Pérez, Laura / Pérez-Tanoira, Ramón / Dashti, Alejandro / Bailo, Begoña / Muadica, Aly S. / González-Barrio, David / Calero-Bernal, Rafael / Ponce-Gordo, Francisco / Carmena, David

International journal for parasitology. 2022 Apr., v. 17

2022

Abstract: Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income ... ...

Abstract	Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income countries. In this molecular-based study, we prospectively collected individual faecal samples from apparently healthy NHP at the Abidjan Zoological Garden (AZG) in Côte d’Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha Zoological Garden (QZG) in Peru between November 2018 and February 2020. We evaluated for the presence of pathogenic (Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli) and commensal (Entamoeba dispar, Troglodytella abrassarti) protist species using PCR methods and Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (25.9%, 30/116), followed by Blastocystis sp. (22.4%, 26/116), and E. dispar (18.1%, 21/116). We detected E. bieneusi (4.2%, 1/24) and T. abrassarti (12.5%, 3/24) only on NHP from AZG. Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica, and B. coli were undetected at the three sampling sites investigated here. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of zoonotic sub-assemblages BIII (n = 1) in AZG and BIV (n = 1) in TS within G. duodenalis. We identified Blastocystis subtype ST3 (100%, 6/6) in AZG, ST1 (80.0%, 12/15), ST2 (6.7%, 1/15), and ST3 (13.3%, 2/15) in TS, and ST2 (80.0%, 4/5) and ST3 (20.0%, 1/5) in QZG. The only E. bieneusi isolate detected here was identified as zoonotic genotype CAF4. Our PCR-based data indicate that potentially pathogenic protist species including G. duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., E. bieneusi, and B. coli are present at variable rates in the three NHP populations investigated here. The identification of zoonotic genotypes within these species indicates that human-NHP transmission is possible, although the extent and directionality of these events need to be elucidated in future molecular surveys.
Keywords	Balantioides coli ; Blastocystis ; Cryptosporidium ; Entamoeba dispar ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Enterocytozoon bieneusi ; Giardia lamblia ; genetic variation ; genotype ; parasitology ; polymerase chain reaction ; protists ; zoos ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Peru ; Sierra Leone
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 26-34.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.12.004
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Article: Presence and genetic diversity of enteric protists in captive and semi-captive non-human primates in côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Peru.

Köster, Pamela C / Lapuente, Juan / Pizarro, Andrea / Prieto-Pérez, Laura / Pérez-Tanoira, Ramón / Dashti, Alejandro / Bailo, Begoña / Muadica, Aly S / González-Barrio, David / Calero-Bernal, Rafael / Ponce-Gordo, Francisco / Carmena, David

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife

2021 Volume 17, Page(s) 26–34

Abstract	Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income countries. In this molecular-based study, we prospectively collected individual faecal samples from apparently healthy NHP at the Abidjan Zoological Garden (AZG) in Côte d'Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha Zoological Garden (QZG) in Peru between November 2018 and February 2020. We evaluated for the presence of pathogenic (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.12.004
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