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Article ; Online: Hyperthermia Prevents

Palau, Marta / Muñoz, Estela / Larrosa, Nieves / Gomis, Xavier / Márquez, Ester / Len, Oscar / Almirante, Benito / Gavaldà, Joan

Microbiology spectrum

2022 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e0280722

Abstract: There is currently an urgent need to find new strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-related infections. This study has two aims. First, we evaluated ... ...

Abstract	There is currently an urgent need to find new strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-related infections. This study has two aims. First, we evaluated the
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Rabbits ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/etiology ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control ; Biofilms ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Hyperthermia, Induced/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.02807-22
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Article: Catastrophic

Ruiz-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos / Chiscano-Camón, Luis / Maldonado, Carolina / Ruiz-Sanmartin, Adolf / Martin, Laura / Bajaña, Ivan / Bastidas, Juliana / Lopez-Martinez, Rocio / Franco-Jarava, Clara / González-López, Juan José / Ribas, Vicent / Larrosa, Nieves / Riera, Jordi / Nuvials-Casals, Xavier / Ferrer, Ricard

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STTS) is a critical medical emergency marked by high morbidity and mortality, necessitating swift awareness, targeted treatment, and early source control due to its rapid symptom manifestation. This report focuses on a ...

Abstract	Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STTS) is a critical medical emergency marked by high morbidity and mortality, necessitating swift awareness, targeted treatment, and early source control due to its rapid symptom manifestation. This report focuses on a cohort of 13 patients admitted to Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Intensive Care Unit, Barcelona, from November 2022 to March 2023, exhibiting invasive
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics13020187
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Article ; Online: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Sastre-Femenia, Miquel Àngel / Fernández-Muñoz, Almudena / Gomis-Font, María Antonia / Taltavull, Biel / López-Causapé, Carla / Arca-Suárez, Jorge / Martínez-Martínez, Luis / Cantón, Rafael / Larrosa, Nieves / Oteo-Iglesias, Jesús / Zamorano, Laura / Oliver, Antonio

The Lancet regional health. Europe

2023 Volume 34, Page(s) 100736

Abstract: Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Methods: A total of 3.180 nonduplicated : Findings: A decrease in resistance to all tested antibiotics, including older and newer antimicrobials, was observed in 2022 vs 2017. Likewise, a major reduction of XDR ( ...

Abstract	Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Methods: A total of 3.180 nonduplicated Findings: A decrease in resistance to all tested antibiotics, including older and newer antimicrobials, was observed in 2022 vs 2017. Likewise, a major reduction of XDR (15.2% vs 5.9%) and DTR (4.2 vs 2.1%) profiles was evidenced, and even more patent among ICU isolates [XDR (26.0% vs 6.0%) and DTR (8.9% vs 2.6%)] (p < 0.001). The prevalence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase/carbapenemase production was slightly lower in 2022 (2.1%. vs 3.1%, p = 0.064). However, there was a significant increase in the proportion of carbapenemase production among carbapenem-resistant strains (29.4% vs 18.1%, p = 0.0246). While ST175 was still the most frequent clone among XDR, a slight reduction in its prevalence was noted (35.9% vs 45.5%, p = 0.106) as opposed to ST235 which increased significantly (24.3% vs 12.3%, p = 0.0062). Interpretation: While the generalized decrease in Funding: MSD and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea-NextGenerationEU.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-7762
ISSN (online)	2666-7762
DOI	10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100736
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Article ; Online: In Vitro

Palau, Marta / Muñoz, Estela / Gusta, Muriel F / Larrosa, Nieves / Gomis, Xavier / Gilabert, Joan / Almirante, Benito / Puntes, Victor / Texidó, Robert / Gavaldà, Joan

Microbiology spectrum

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) e0028023

Abstract: In view of the current increase and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need to find new strategies to combat it. This study had two aims. First, we synthesized highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of approximately ... ...

Abstract	In view of the current increase and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need to find new strategies to combat it. This study had two aims. First, we synthesized highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of approximately 17 nm, and we functionalized them with mercaptopoly(ethylene glycol) carboxylic acid (mPEG-COOH) and amikacin (AK). Second, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of this treatment (AgNPs_mPEG_AK) alone and in combination with hyperthermia against planktonic and biofilm-growing strains. AgNPs, AgNPs_mPEG, and AgNPs_mPEG_AK were characterized using a suite of spectroscopy and microscopy methods. Susceptibility to these treatments and AK was determined after 24 h and over time against 12 clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The efficacy of the treatments alone and in combination with hyperthermia (1, 2, and 3 pulses at 41°C to 42°C for 15 min) was tested against the same planktonic strains using quantitative culture and against one P. aeruginosa strain growing on silicone disks using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The susceptibility studies showed that AgNPs_mPEG_AK was 10-fold more effective than AK alone, and bactericidal efficacy after 4, 8, 24, or 48 h was observed against 100% of the tested strains. The combination of AgNPs_mPEG_AK and hyperthermia eradicated 75% of the planktonic strains and exhibited significant reductions in biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa in comparison with the other treatments tested, except for AgNPs_mPEG_AK without hyperthermia. In conclusion, the combination of AgNPs_mPEG_AK and hyperthermia may be a promising therapy against MDR/XDR and biofilm-producing strains.
MeSH term(s)	Amikacin/pharmacology ; Silver/pharmacology ; Silver/chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Biofilms ; Hyperthermia, Induced
Chemical Substances	Amikacin (84319SGC3C) ; monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (9004-74-4) ; Silver (3M4G523W1G) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.00280-23
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Article ; Online: Evolution of invasive pneumococcal disease by serotype 3 in adults: a Spanish three-decade retrospective study.

The Lancet regional health. Europe

2024 Volume 41, Page(s) 100913

Abstract: Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease due to serotype 3 (S3-IPD) is associated with high mortality rates and long-term adverse effects. The introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the Spanish paediatric immunisation ...

Abstract	Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease due to serotype 3 (S3-IPD) is associated with high mortality rates and long-term adverse effects. The introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the Spanish paediatric immunisation programme has not led to a decrease in the adult S3-IPD. We aimed to analyse the incidence, clinical characteristics and genomics of S3-IPD in adults in Spain. Methods: Adult IPD episodes hospitalized in a Southern Barcelona hospital were prospectively collected (1994-2020). For genomic comparison, S3-IPD isolates from six Spanish hospitals (2008-2020) and historical isolates (1989-1993) were analysed by WGS (Illumina and/or MinION). Findings: From 1994 to 2020, 270 S3-IPD episodes were detected. When comparing pre-PCV (1994-2001) and late-PCV13 (2016-2020) periods, only modest changes in S3-IPD were observed (from 1.58 to 1.28 episodes per 100,000 inhabitants year). In this period, the incidence of the two main lineages shifted from 0.38 to 0.67 (CC180-GPSC12) and from 1.18 to 0.55 (CC260-GPSC83). The overall 30-day mortality remained high (24.1%), though a decrease was observed between the pre-PCV (32.4%; 95.0% CI, 22.0-45.0) and the late-PCV13 period (16.7%; 95.0% CI, 7.5-32.0) (p = 0.06). At the same time, comorbidities increased from 77.3% (95.0% CI, 65.0-86.0) to 85.7% (95.0% CI, 71.0-94.0) (p = 0.69). There were no differences in clinical characteristics or 30-day mortality between the two S3 lineages. Although both lineages were genetically homogeneous, the CC180-GPSC12 lineage presented a higher SNP density, a more open pan-genome, and a major presence of prophages and mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes. Interpretation: Adult S3-IPD remained stable in our area over the study period despite PCV13 introduction in children. However, a clonal shift was observed. The decrease in mortality rates and the increase in comorbidities suggest a change in clinical management and overall population characteristics. The low genetic variability and absence of clinical differences between lineages highlight the role of the S3 capsule in the disease severity. Funding: This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) "PI18/00339", "PI21/01000", "INT22/00096", "FI22/00279", CIBER "CIBERES-CB06/06/0037", "CIBERINFEC-CB21/13/00009" and MSD grant "IISP 60168".
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-7762
ISSN (online)	2666-7762
DOI	10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100913
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Article ; Online: Genomic evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus during a decade (2013-2023): bridging the path to monoclonal antibody surveillance.

Piñana, Maria / González-Sánchez, Alejandra / Andrés, Cristina / Vila, Jorgina / Creus-Costa, Anna / Prats-Méndez, Ignasi / Arnedo-Muñoz, Maria / Saubi, Narcís / Esperalba, Juliana / Rando, Ariadna / Nadal-Baron, Patricia / Quer, Josep / González-López, Juan José / Soler-Palacín, Pere / Martínez-Urtaza, Jaime / Larrosa, Nieves / Pumarola, Tomàs / Antón, Andrés

The Journal of infection

2024 Volume 88, Issue 5, Page(s) 106153

Abstract: Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Barcelona from 2013 to 2023.: Methods: Respiratory specimens from patients with RTI suspicion at Hospital Universitari ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Barcelona from 2013 to 2023. Methods: Respiratory specimens from patients with RTI suspicion at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron were collected from October 2013 to May 2023 for laboratory-confirmation of respiratory viruses. Next-generation sequencing was performed in randomly-selected samples with Illumina technology. Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequences were performed with BEAST v1.10.4. Signals of selection and evolutionary pressures were inferred by population dynamics and evolutionary analyses. Mutations in major surface proteins were genetic and structurally characterised, emphasizing those within antigenic epitopes. Results: Analyzing 139,625 samples, 5.3% were HRSV-positive (3008 HRSV-A, 3882 HRSV-B, 56 HRSV-A and -B, and 495 unsubtyped HRSV), with a higher prevalence observed in the paediatric population. Pandemic-related shifts in seasonal patterns returned to normal in 2022-2023. A total of 198 whole-genome sequences were obtained for HRSV-A (6.6% of the HRSV-A positive samples) belonging to GA2.3.5 lineage. For HRSV-B, 167 samples were sequenced (4.3% of the HRSV-B positive samples), belonging to GB5.0.2, GB5.0.4a and GB5.0.5a. HRSV-B exhibited a higher evolution rate. Post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, both subtypes showed increased evolutionary rates and decreased effective population size initially, followed by a sharp increase. Analyses indicated negative selective pressure on HRSV. Mutations in antigenic epitopes, including S276N and M274I in palivizumab-targeted site II, and I206M, Q209R, and S211N in nirsevimab-targeted site Ø, were identified. Discussion: Particularly in the context of the large-scale use in 2023-2024 season of nirsevimab, continuous epidemiological and genomic surveillance is crucial.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/classification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology ; Phylogeny ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Male ; Infant ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Middle Aged ; Spain/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Genetic Variation ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Mutation ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Prevalence ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Infant, Newborn
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106153
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Article ; Online: Characterization of a proteomic profile associated with organ dysfunction and mortality of sepsis and septic shock.

Ruiz-Sanmartín, Adolfo / Ribas, Vicent / Suñol, David / Chiscano-Camón, Luis / Palmada, Clara / Bajaña, Iván / Larrosa, Nieves / González, Juan José / Canela, Núria / Ferrer, Ricard / Ruiz-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 12, Page(s) e0278708

Abstract: Introduction: The search for new biomarkers that allow an early diagnosis in sepsis and predict its evolution has become a necessity in medicine. The objective of this study is to identify, through omics techniques, potential protein biomarkers that are ...

Abstract	Introduction: The search for new biomarkers that allow an early diagnosis in sepsis and predict its evolution has become a necessity in medicine. The objective of this study is to identify, through omics techniques, potential protein biomarkers that are expressed in patients with sepsis and their relationship with organ dysfunction and mortality. Methods: Prospective, observational and single-center study that included adult patients (≥ 18 years) who were admitted to a tertiary hospital and who met the criteria for sepsis. A mass spectrometry-based approach was used to analyze the plasma proteins in the enrolled subjects. Subsequently, using recursive feature elimination classification and cross-validation with a vector classifier, an association of these proteins with mortality and organ dysfunction was established. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed with String software. Results: 141 patients were enrolled in this study. Mass spectrometry identified 177 proteins. Of all of them, and by recursive feature elimination, nine proteins (GPX3, APOB, ORM1, SERPINF1, LYZ, C8A, CD14, APOC3 and C1QC) were associated with organ dysfunction (SOFA > 6) with an accuracy of 0.82 ± 0.06, precision of 0.85 ± 0.093, sensitivity 0.81 ± 0.10, specificity 0.84 ± 0.10 and AUC 0.82 ± 0.06. Twenty-two proteins (CLU, LUM, APOL1, SAA1, CLEBC3B, C8A, ITIH4, KNG1, AGT, C7, SAA2, APOH, HRG, AFM, APOE, APOC1, C1S, SERPINC1, IGFALS, KLKB1, CFB and BTD) were associated with mortality with an accuracy of 0.86 ± 0.05, a precision of 0.91 ± 0.05, a sensitivity of 0.91 ± 0.05, a specificity of 0.72 ± 0.17, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 ± 0.08 with a confidence interval of 95%. Conclusion: In sepsis there are proteomic patterns associated with organ dysfunction and mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Shock, Septic ; Proteomics ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Prospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Apolipoprotein L1
Chemical Substances	APOL1 protein, human ; Apolipoprotein L1
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0278708
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Article ; Online: Ceftazidime-Avibactam plus Aztreonam for the Treatment of Infections by VIM-Type-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Sempere, Abiu / Viñado, Belén / Los-Arcos, Ibai / Campany, David / Larrosa, Nieves / Fernández-Hidalgo, Nuria / Rodríguez-Pardo, Dolors / González-López, Juan José / Nuvials, Xavier / Almirante, Benito / Escolà-Vergé, Laura

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2022 Volume 66, Issue 10, Page(s) e0075122

Abstract: This is a retrospective single-center study of 24 patients who received ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam (CZA/ATM) for the treatment of VIM-type-producing Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) infections. The bacteria isolated ... ...

Abstract	This is a retrospective single-center study of 24 patients who received ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam (CZA/ATM) for the treatment of VIM-type-producing Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) infections. The bacteria isolated were
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aztreonam/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; beta-Lactamases ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Azabicyclo Compounds/therapeutic use ; Ceftazidime/therapeutic use ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Drug Combinations
Chemical Substances	Aztreonam (G2B4VE5GH8) ; avibactam, ceftazidime drug combination ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Azabicyclo Compounds ; Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR) ; Drug Combinations
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/aac.00751-22
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Article ; Online: In Vitro

Palau, Marta / Muñoz, Estela / Lujan, Enric / Larrosa, Nieves / Gomis, Xavier / Márquez, Ester / Len, Oscar / Almirante, Benito / Abellà, Jordi / Colominas, Sergi / Gavaldà, Joan

Microbiology spectrum

2022 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) e0236522

Abstract: The aims of this study were as follows. First, we determined the antimicrobial efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HClO) against bacterial, fungal, and yeast strains growing planktonically and growing in biofilms. Second, we sought to compare the activity of ... ...

Abstract	The aims of this study were as follows. First, we determined the antimicrobial efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HClO) against bacterial, fungal, and yeast strains growing planktonically and growing in biofilms. Second, we sought to compare the activity of the combination of daptomycin and HClO versus those of the antimicrobial agents alone for the treatment of experimental catheter-related Staphylococcus epidermidis infection (CRI) using the antibiotic lock technique (ALT) in a rabbit model. HClO was generated through direct electric current (DC) shots at determined amperages and times. For planktonic susceptibility studies, 1 to 3 DC shots of 2, 5, and 10 mA from 0 to 300 s were applied. A DC shot of 20 mA from 0 to 20 min was applied to biofilm-producing strains. Central venous catheters were inserted into New Zealand White rabbits, inoculated with an S. epidermidis strain, and treated with saline solution or ALT using daptomycin (50 mg/mL), HClO (20 mA for 45 min), or daptomycin plus HClO. One hundred percent of the planktonic bacterial, fungal, and yeast strains were killed by applying one DC shot of 2, 5, and 10 mA, respectively. One DC shot of 20 mA for 20 min was sufficient to eradicate 100% of the tested biofilm-producing strains. Daptomycin plus HClO lock therapy showed the highest activity for experimental CRI with S. epidermidis. HClO could be an effective strategy for treating infections caused by extensively drug-resistant or multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing strains in medical devices and chronic wounds. The results of the ALT using daptomycin plus HClO may be promising.
MeSH term(s)	Rabbits ; Animals ; Daptomycin/pharmacology ; Vancomycin/pharmacology ; Hypochlorous Acid/pharmacology ; Saline Solution/pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Biofilms ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy ; Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Daptomycin (NWQ5N31VKK) ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU) ; Hypochlorous Acid (712K4CDC10) ; Saline Solution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.02365-22
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Article ; Online: Importancia de los controles de calidad para la detección de la resistencia a antibióticos β-lactámicos en enterobacterias.

Rivera, Alba / Larrosa, Nieves / Mirelis, Beatriz / Navarro, Ferran

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica

2014 Volume 32 Suppl 1, Page(s) 30–36

Abstract: β-lactam antimicrobial agents are frequently used to treat infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. The main mechanism of resistance to these antibiotics is the production of certain enzymes, collectively named β-lactamases. Due to their substrate ... ...

Title translation	Importance of quality control for the detection of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
Abstract	β-lactam antimicrobial agents are frequently used to treat infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. The main mechanism of resistance to these antibiotics is the production of certain enzymes, collectively named β-lactamases. Due to their substrate profile and their epidemiological implications, the most clinically important β-lactamases are extended-spectrum β-lactamases, class C β-lactamases and carbapenemases. Phenotypic detection of these enzymes may be complicated and is based on the use of specific inhibitors of each β-lactamase and on the loss of activity on some β-lactam indicators. Various international committees postulate that it is no longer necessary to interpret the susceptibility results or determine the mechanism of resistance. Several critics disagree, however, and consider that susceptibility results should be interpreted until more data are available on the clinical efficacy of treatment with β-lactams. Given these methodological difficulties and constant changes in the interpretation criteria, we consider that training and external quality controls are essential to keep updated in this field. For learning purposes, these external quality controls should always be accompanied by a review of the results and methodology used, and the analysis of errors. In this paper we review and contextualize all the aspects related to the detection and interpretation of these β-lactamases.
MeSH term(s)	Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/standards ; Quality Control ; beta-Lactam Resistance
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2014-02
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1070941-1
ISSN	1578-1852 ; 0213-005X
ISSN (online)	1578-1852
ISSN	0213-005X
DOI	10.1016/S0213-005X(14)70147-8
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