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  1. Article ; Online: Diverging humoral and cellular immune responses due to Omicron-a national study from the Faroe Islands.

    Petersen, Maria Skaalum / Pérez-Alós, Laura / Í Kongsstovu, Sunnvør K / Eliasen, Eina Hansen / Hansen, Cecilie Bo / Larsen, Sólrun / Hansen, Jóhanna Ljósá / Bayarri-Olmos, Rafael / Fjallsbak, Jógvan Páll / Weihe, Pál / Garred, Peter

    Microbiology spectrum

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) e0086523

    Abstract: Importance: The immunity following infection and vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is poorly understood. We investigated immunity assessed with antibody and T-cell responses under different scenarios in vaccinated and unvaccinated ... ...

    Abstract Importance: The immunity following infection and vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is poorly understood. We investigated immunity assessed with antibody and T-cell responses under different scenarios in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with and without Omicron infection. We found that the humoral response was higher among vaccinated-naïve than unvaccinated convalescent. Unvaccinated with and without infection had comparable low humoral responses, whereas vaccinated with a second or third dose, independent of infection status, had increasingly higher levels. Only a minor fraction of unvaccinated individuals had detectable humoral responses following Omicron infection, while almost all had positive T-cell responses. In conclusion, primary Omicron infection mounts a low humoral immune response, enhanced by prior vaccination. Omicron infection induced a robust T-cell response in both unvaccinated and vaccinated, demonstrating that immune evasion of primary Omicron infection affects humoral immunity more than T-cell immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Denmark ; Immune Evasion ; Immunity, Humoral ; Vaccination ; Immunity, Cellular ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.00865-23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Clinical characteristics of the Omicron variant - results from a Nationwide Symptoms Survey in the Faroe Islands.

    Petersen, Maria Skaalum / Í Kongsstovu, Sunnvør / Eliasen, Eina H / Larsen, Sólrun / Hansen, Jóhanna Ljósá / Vest, Nicolina / Dahl, Maria Marjunardóttir / Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb / Møller, Lars Fodgaard / Kristiansen, Marnar Fríðheim

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2022  Volume 122, Page(s) 636–643

    Abstract: Objectives: Omicron appears to lead to a milder illness for patients compared with previous COVID-19 variants. However, not all infected with Omicron would describe their illness as mild. In this study, we investigate the experienced severity and ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Omicron appears to lead to a milder illness for patients compared with previous COVID-19 variants. However, not all infected with Omicron would describe their illness as mild. In this study, we investigate the experienced severity and symptoms of the Omicron variant.
    Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study, including 5036 individuals of all ages, consisting of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases from 1 January to 31 January 2022 (n = 4506) and a control group without SARS-COV-2 infection in December 2021 or January 2022 (n = 530). Omicron was dominant during this period. Cases were asked about their acute symptoms and answered a web-based questionnaire 10-30 days after their positive test while controls were asked about symptoms during the past week.
    Results: Among cases, 97% reported at least one symptom during the acute phase compared with 79% of controls. Just over half the cases assessed their illness as asymptomatic or mild, whereas 46% assessed their illness as moderate or severe. Children reported fewer symptoms and less severe illnesses than adults (P <0.001). The largest risk differences (RDs) between adult cases and controls due to symptoms were observed for fever (RD = 60.6%, confidence interval [CI] 57.4-63.6), fatigue (RD = 49.6%, CI 44.1-54.7), and chills (RD = 48.8%, CI 43.8-53.2).
    Conclusion: Most of those infected with Omicron experience symptoms, and the Omicron variant appears to lead to less severe disease. However, this does not mean that all the infected experience an Omicron infection as mild. The unprecedented rate of Omicron infections worldwide leads to urgent questions about the rate of long COVID after Omicron infections.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4516: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  3. Article ; Online: Low Seroprevalence among Undetected COVID-19 Cases, Faroe Islands, November 2020.

    Petersen, Maria Skaalum / Strøm, Marin / Fjallsbak, Jógvan Páll / Hansen, Jóhanna Ljósá / Larsen, Sólrun / Eliasen, Eina H / Johansen, Malan / Veyhe, Anna Sofía / Kristiansen, Marnar Fríðheim / Weihe, Pál

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 242–244

    Abstract: We conducted a second nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence study in the Faroe Islands during November 2020. We found crude seroprevalence was 0.3% and prevalence was 0.4% after adjusting for test sensitivity and ... ...

    Abstract We conducted a second nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence study in the Faroe Islands during November 2020. We found crude seroprevalence was 0.3% and prevalence was 0.4% after adjusting for test sensitivity and specificity. This low seroprevalence supports the prevention strategies used in the Faroe Islands.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Denmark ; Humans ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2801.210917
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4778: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Natural Antibody Response Persists for at Least 12 Months in a Nationwide Study From the Faroe Islands.

    Petersen, Maria Skaalum / Hansen, Cecilie Bo / Kristiansen, Marnar Fríheim / Fjallsbak, Jógvan Páll / Larsen, Sólrun / Hansen, Jóhanna Ljósá / Jarlhelt, Ida / Pérez-Alós, Laura / Steig, Bjarni Á / Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb / Møller, Lars Fodgaard / Strøm, Marin / Andorsdóttir, Guðrið / Gaini, Shahin / Weihe, Pál / Garred, Peter

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 8, Page(s) ofab378

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofab378
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Factors influencing the immune response over 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal population-wide study in the Faroe Islands.

    Petersen, Maria Skaalum / Pérez-Alós, Laura / Armenteros, Jose Juan A / Hansen, Cecilie B / Fjallsbak, Jógvan Páll / Larsen, Sólrun / Hansen, Jóhanna L / Jarlhelt, Ida / Kristiansen, Marnar F / Við Streym, Fríða / Á Steig, Bjarni / Christiansen, Debes H / Møller, Lars F / Strøm, Marin / Andorsdóttir, Guðrið / Gaini, Shahin / Weihe, Pál / Garred, Peter

    Journal of internal medicine

    2022  Volume 293, Issue 1, Page(s) 63–81

    Abstract: Background: The durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and the resulting immunity to COVID-19 is unclear.: Objectives: To investigate long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2.: Methods: In this nationwide, longitudinal study, we determined ... ...

    Abstract Background: The durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and the resulting immunity to COVID-19 is unclear.
    Objectives: To investigate long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
    Methods: In this nationwide, longitudinal study, we determined antibody response in 411 patients aged 0-93 years from two waves of infections (March to December 2020) contributing 1063 blood samples. Each individual had blood drawn on 4-5 occasions 1-15 months after disease onset. We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody using a qualitative RBD sandwich ELISA, IgM, IgG and IgA levels using an quantitative in-house ELISA-based assay  and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) using an in-house ELISA-based pseudoneutralizing assay. IgG subclasses were analyzed in a subset of samples by ELISA-based assay. We used nonlinear models to study the durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and its influence over time.
    Results: After 15 months, 94% still had detectable circulating antibodies, mainly the IgG isotype, and 92% had detectable NAbs. The distribution of IgG antibodies varied significantly over time, characterized by a biphasic pattern with an initial decline followed by a plateau after approximately 7 months. However, the NAbs remained relatively stable throughout the period. The strength of the antibody response was influenced by smoking and hospitalization, with lower IgG levels in smokers and higher levels in hospitalized individuals. Antibody stability over time was mainly associated with male sex and older age with higher initial levels but more marked decrease.
    Conclusions: The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection varies depending on behavioral factors and disease severity, and antibody stability over 15 months was associated with sex and age.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Longitudinal Studies ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Immunoglobulin G ; Denmark ; Immunity
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 96274-0
    ISSN 1365-2796 ; 0954-6820
    ISSN (online) 1365-2796
    ISSN 0954-6820
    DOI 10.1111/joim.13560
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ua VI Zs.44: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  6. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 natural antibody response persists up to 12 months in a nationwide study from the Faroe Islands

    Petersen, Maria Skaalum / Hansen, Cecilie Bo / Kristiansen, Marnar Fridheim / Fjallsbak, Jogvan Pall / Larsen, Solrun / Hansen, Johanna Ljosa / Jarlhelt, Ida / Perez Alos, Laura / a Steig, Bjarni / Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb / Moller, Lars Fodgaard / Strom, Marin / Andorsdottir, Gudrid / Gaini, Shahin / Weihe, Pal / Garred, Peter

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Only a few studies have assessed the long-term duration of the humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV–2). In this nationwide longitudinal study from the Faroe Islands with close to full participation of ... ...

    Abstract Only a few studies have assessed the long-term duration of the humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV–2). In this nationwide longitudinal study from the Faroe Islands with close to full participation of all individuals on the Islands with PCR confirmed COVID-19 during the two waves of infections in the spring and autumn 2020 (n=172 & n=233), samples were drawn at three longitudinal time points (3, 7 and 12 months and 1, 3 and 7 months after disease onset, respectively). Serum was analyzed with a direct quantitative IgG antibody binding ELISA to detect anti–SARS–CoV–2 spike RBD antibodies and a commercially available qualitative sandwich RBD ELISA kit measuring total antibody binding. The seropositive rate in the convalescent individuals was above 95 % at all sampling time points for both assays. There was an overall decline in IgG titers over time in both waves (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison showed that IgG declined significantly from the first sample until approximately 7 months in both waves (p < 0.001). After that, the antibody level still declined significantly (p < 0.001), but decelerated with an altered slope remaining fairly stable from 7 months to 12 months after infection. Interestingly, the IgG titers followed a U-shaped curve with higher antibody levels among the oldest (67+) and the youngest (0–17) age groups compared to intermediate groups (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that COVID–19 convalescent individuals are likely to be protected from reinfection at least 12 months after symptom onset and maybe even longer. We believe our results can add to the understanding of natural immunity and the expected durability of SARS–CoV–2 vaccine immune responses.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-22
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.04.19.21255720
    Database COVID19

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