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  1. Book ; Thesis: Operationstechniken beim Vollwandrektumprolaps

    Lau, Arthur

    Vergleich der transanalen Muskularisraffung nach Rehn-Delorme mit der Resektionsrektopexie im Rahmen der DeloRes-Studie

    2018  

    Author's details vorgelegt von Arthur Lau
    Language German
    Size 102 Blätter, Illustrationen, Diagramme, 30 cm
    Publishing place Heidelberg
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Dissertation, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität zu Heidelberg, 2018
    HBZ-ID HT019893867
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Effectiveness and Safety of Endoanchors in Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    Tang, Esther Wai Chi / Lau, Arthur Chak Kai / Cheng, Joshua Cheuk Hei / Wong, Joseph Chi-Yeung / Chan, Yiu Che

    Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists

    2024  , Page(s) 15266028241245911

    Abstract: Purpose: This systematic review aimed to summarize the effectiveness and safety of endoanchor, a stabilizing device for the proximal endograft designed to prevent endoleak and stent migration in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and thoracic ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This systematic review aimed to summarize the effectiveness and safety of endoanchor, a stabilizing device for the proximal endograft designed to prevent endoleak and stent migration in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR).
    Materials and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. Literature up to May 31, 2023 was searched and independently screened from 4 databases. Data were pooled for meta-analysis. Primary outcomes included intraoperative and follow-up endoleak, stent migration, and reintervention rates; sac regression; and 30-day all-cause mortality.
    Results: Sixteen EVAR (n=1145) and 6 TEVAR studies (n=163) using the Heli-Fx EndoAnchor system were included from 2225 retrieved records. For EVAR patients (mean follow-up=11.9 months), the endoleak, graft migration, and reintervention rates were 3.97% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.36%-1.99%), 0.004% (95% CI=0.00%-0.76%), and 5.43% (95% CI=0.86%-12.54%), respectively. The endoleak rates for primary and revision EVAR were 0.16% (95% CI=0.00%-1.65%) and 3.60% (95% CI=0.14%-9.72%), respectively. Only 4 cases of 30-day mortality (n=4) were reported in the literature. For TEVAR patients, the endoleak, stent migration, and reintervention rates were 7.4% (95% CI=0.03%-0.13%), 0.2% (95% CI=0.00%-0.06%), and 17.1% (95% CI=0.01%-0.45%), respectively. The 30-day mortality was 0.9% (95% CI=0%-0.12%).
    Conclusions: Endoanchor fixation in EVAR and TEVAR is effective and safe in preventing and treating endoleak and stent migration. The mortality is minimal in EVAR but higher in TEVAR.
    Clinical impact: Endoleak, graft migration, and reintervention in EVAR and TEVAR with endoanchor use were rare. Mortality in EVAR was low. The adjunctive deployment of endoanchors is an effective and safe means to prevent and treat endoleak and stent migration in EVAR and TEVAR. Yet, long-term efficacy and safety data and randomized controlled trials would be required to definitively recommend endoanchor use in routine clinical practice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2006618-1
    ISSN 1545-1550 ; 1526-6028
    ISSN (online) 1545-1550
    ISSN 1526-6028
    DOI 10.1177/15266028241245911
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Zoster Sine Herpete Masquerading as Central Nervous System Vasculitis.

    Lau, Arthur / Essien, Eno-Obong / Tan, Irene J

    Cureus

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e7231

    Abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a rare condition. Rarer still is the development of CNS vasculopathy in the absence of a typical zoster rash, a phenomenon known as zoster sine herpete. We report a case ... ...

    Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a rare condition. Rarer still is the development of CNS vasculopathy in the absence of a typical zoster rash, a phenomenon known as zoster sine herpete. We report a case of a 34-year-old male with HIV, non-compliant with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), who presented with left-sided temporal headaches and numbness without rash. The patient had a complicated one-month hospital stay when he was initially diagnosed with mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) tuberculosis infection and treated with isoniazid, rifabutin, ethambutol, and azithromycin. Additionally, he was thought to have immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and was given steroids. Unfortunately, he presented one day post-discharge with lethargy, aphasia, and dysphagia and was found to have acute/subacute infarcts affecting multiple areas of the brain. CT angiogram (CTA) of the brain showed evidence of multifocal areas of mild to moderate stenosis throughout the intracranial arterial circulation. The patient underwent conventional angiography, which showed segmental arterial constrictions with post-stenotic dilatation consistent with vasculitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies eventually returned positive for VZV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirming a diagnosis of VZV-induced CNS vasculopathy, or more specifically, CNS vasculopathy due to zoster sine herpete. The patient was treated with high-dose steroids as well as IV acyclovir with improvement in his symptoms. He was discharged with advice for a close follow-up with the infectious disease (ID) department. Our case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for varicella infection masquerading as CNS vasculitis, particularly in the absence of classic blistering shingles rash. Early detection may prevent neurological sequelae of the infection, including stroke, dissection, or neuropathy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.7231
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: A Case of Cytomegalovirus-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient with an Underlying Rheumatic Disease.

    Lau, Arthur / Youn, Hayoung / Caricchio, Roberto / Brent, Lawrence

    Cureus

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) e8130

    Abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition caused by overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and overactivation of macrophages that can progress to multiorgan dysfunction and failure. Although there are guidelines that ... ...

    Abstract Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition caused by overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and overactivation of macrophages that can progress to multiorgan dysfunction and failure. Although there are guidelines that attempt to recognize the condition in its early stage, diagnosis can be very challenging due to heterogeneous presentations of HLH. Symptoms and clinical findings include fever, neurologic complaints, respiratory issues, liver dysfunction, cytopenias, amongst others most of which are not specific to HLH. In addition, response to treatment can be highly variable, necessitating an individualized treatment plan based on the presentation. We present a case of a 21-year-old female with a history of biopsy-proven inflammatory myositis on azathioprine and prednisone who presented with fever, hypotension, and pancytopenia. Additional imaging studies showed multiorgan involvement, including pneumonia, pyelonephritis, and splenomegaly. A bone marrow biopsy of her iliac crest showed hemophagocytosis and the infectious workup confirmed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which led to the diagnosis of CMV-induced HLH. She was treated initially with anakinra for macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in addition to dexamethasone and ganciclovir. Unfortunately, she did not respond to anakinra and was subsequently switched to etoposide with dexamethasone and valganciclovir, which subsequently helped our patient to recover clinically. Our case highlights the challenging nature of HLH and the importance of early detection and a personalized treatment plan in achieving optimal outcomes in patients with HLH.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.8130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sarcopenia in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    Tam, Keith / Wong-Pack, Matthew / Liu, Theodore / Adachi, Jonathan / Lau, Arthur / Ma, Jinhui / Papaioannou, Alexandra / Rodrigues, Isabel B

    Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–25

    Abstract: Abstract: Sarcopenia is underrecognized in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Risk factors of sarcopenia and its impact on outcomes in RA patients are relatively unknown. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors and outcomes associated ...

    Abstract Abstract: Sarcopenia is underrecognized in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Risk factors of sarcopenia and its impact on outcomes in RA patients are relatively unknown. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors and outcomes associated with sarcopenia in RA. We conducted this review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases by combining the following search concepts: (1) RA and (2) sarcopenia. Articles were included if they included RA patients, assessed for sarcopenia using a consensus working group definition, and assessed for clinical outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using studies that shared the same sarcopenia definition and consistency in reporting patient or disease variables. Our search identified 3602 articles. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screen, and full-text review, 16 articles were included for final analysis. All studies had observational study designs. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 24% to 30%, depending on the criteria for sarcopenia used. Factors associated with sarcopenia included higher 28-joint Disease Activity Scale scores (+0.39; 95% confidence interval, +0.02 to +0.77) and baseline methotrexate use (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.97). Baseline glucocorticoid use had a positive correlation with sarcopenia in multiple studies. Several studies found lower bone mineral density and higher incidence of falls and fractures in patients with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is prevalent in RA, and it may be associated with higher RA disease activity, lower bone mineral density, and increased falls and fractures. Therefore, early screening of sarcopenia in RA patients is important to incorporate into clinical rheumatology practice.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sarcopenia/diagnosis ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology ; Sarcopenia/etiology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Methotrexate/therapeutic use ; Observational Studies as Topic
    Chemical Substances Methotrexate (YL5FZ2Y5U1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1283266-2
    ISSN 1536-7355 ; 1076-1608
    ISSN (online) 1536-7355
    ISSN 1076-1608
    DOI 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001980
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Romosozumab in the treatment of osteoporosis.

    Kobza, Alexandra O / Papaioannou, Alexandra / Lau, Arthur N / Adachi, Jonathan D

    Immunotherapy

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 13, Page(s) 965–981

    Abstract: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by weakening of the bone architecture, which leads to an increased risk of fracture. There has been interest in the development of osteoanabolic agents that can increase bone mass and reverse the deteriorating ... ...

    Abstract Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by weakening of the bone architecture, which leads to an increased risk of fracture. There has been interest in the development of osteoanabolic agents that can increase bone mass and reverse the deteriorating architecture of osteoporotic bone. Romosozumab is a new agent for osteoporosis that both promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption. It is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the activity of sclerostin, which allows the Wnt pathway to promote osteoblastogenesis and inhibit the activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In clinical trials, it has proven to be superior to other agents in terms of increasing bone mineral density and reducing the incidence of fractures. This review will highlight the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety profile of romosozumab and suggest where this medication may fit within our current management of osteoporosis.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Humans ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; romosozumab (3VHF2ZD92J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2495964-9
    ISSN 1750-7448 ; 1750-743X
    ISSN (online) 1750-7448
    ISSN 1750-743X
    DOI 10.2217/imt-2020-0158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Understanding and Managing Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis.

    Kobza, Alexandra O / Herman, Deena / Papaioannou, Alexandra / Lau, Arthur N / Adachi, Jonathan D

    Open access rheumatology : research and reviews

    2021  Volume 13, Page(s) 177–190

    Abstract: Glucocorticoids are effective immunosuppressants used in a wide variety of diseases. Their use results in secondary osteoporosis in about 30-50% of chronic glucocorticoid users. Glucocorticoids cause a rapid decline in bone strength within the first 3-6 ... ...

    Abstract Glucocorticoids are effective immunosuppressants used in a wide variety of diseases. Their use results in secondary osteoporosis in about 30-50% of chronic glucocorticoid users. Glucocorticoids cause a rapid decline in bone strength within the first 3-6 months mostly due to increased bone resorption by osteoclasts. This is followed by a more gradual loss of bone partly due to decreased osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis. The loss of bone strength induced by glucocorticoids is not fully captured by bone mineral density measurements. Other tools such as the trabecular bone score and advanced imaging techniques give insight into bone quality; however, these are not used widely in clinical practice. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis should be seen as a widely preventable disease. Currently, only about 15% of chronic glucocorticoid users are receiving optimal care. Glucocorticoids should be prescribed at the lowest dose and shortest duration. All patients should be counselled on lifestyle measures to maintain bone strength including nutrition and weight-bearing exercise. Pharmacological therapy should be considered for all patients at moderate to high risk of fracture as there is evidence for the prevention of bone loss and fractures with a favourable safety profile. Oral bisphosphonates are the current mainstay of therapy, whereas osteoanabolic agents may be considered for those at highest risk of fracture.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-02
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2508169-X
    ISSN 1179-156X
    ISSN 1179-156X
    DOI 10.2147/OARRR.S282606
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Light pollution spatial impact assessment in Hong Kong: Measurement and numerical modelling on commercial lights at street level.

    Tong, Jimmy C K / Lau, Edmond S L / Hui, Melody C Y / Kwong, Enoch / White, Morgan E / Lau, Arthur P S

    The Science of the total environment

    2022  Volume 837, Page(s) 155681

    Abstract: With rapid urbanization, the use of external lighting to illuminate cities for night-time activity is on the rise worldwide. Many studies have suggested the excessive use of external lighting causes light pollution, which harms human health and leads to ... ...

    Abstract With rapid urbanization, the use of external lighting to illuminate cities for night-time activity is on the rise worldwide. Many studies have suggested the excessive use of external lighting causes light pollution, which harms human health and leads to energy wastage. Although more awareness has been raised, there are not many regulations and guidelines available. As one of the cities most affected by light pollution in the world, Hong Kong has started exploring this issue within the general and business communities. However, studies that quantitatively evaluate the problem of light pollution in this city are lacking. This study aimed to assess light pollution quantitatively through measurement and numerical modelling. To achieve this, measurement protocols were developed, and site measurements were carried out in one of the known problem areas, Sai Yeung Choi Street in Mong Kok district. Through this exercise, both vertical and horizontal illuminances on the street level and the light distribution along the street were determined. An average level of 250 lx for the vertical illuminance was found, which was 3-4 times higher than the recommended brightness for normal activity. The light environment of the measured area was also modelled with the simulation program DIALux. This effort complemented the measurements by providing a means to increase the resolution on the light variation and to visualize light pollution in a 3D environment. The simulation results were verified by correlating the numerical model with measurements. The correlated model was exercised in a subsequent sensitivity study to predict possible outcomes with changing lighting pattern and lighting lumen level. This study serves to quantify this issue, which helps with the further development of effective solutions.
    MeSH term(s) Cities ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Light Pollution ; Urbanization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155681
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Light pollution spatial impact assessment in Hong Kong: Measurement and numerical modelling on commercial lights at street level

    Tong, Jimmy C.K. / Lau, Edmond S.L. / Hui, Melody C.Y. / Kwong, Enoch / White, Morgan E. / Lau, Arthur P.S.

    Science of the total environment. 2022 Sept. 01, v. 837

    2022  

    Abstract: With rapid urbanization, the use of external lighting to illuminate cities for night-time activity is on the rise worldwide. Many studies have suggested the excessive use of external lighting causes light pollution, which harms human health and leads to ... ...

    Abstract With rapid urbanization, the use of external lighting to illuminate cities for night-time activity is on the rise worldwide. Many studies have suggested the excessive use of external lighting causes light pollution, which harms human health and leads to energy wastage. Although more awareness has been raised, there are not many regulations and guidelines available. As one of the cities most affected by light pollution in the world, Hong Kong has started exploring this issue within the general and business communities. However, studies that quantitatively evaluate the problem of light pollution in this city are lacking. This study aimed to assess light pollution quantitatively through measurement and numerical modelling. To achieve this, measurement protocols were developed, and site measurements were carried out in one of the known problem areas, Sai Yeung Choi Street in Mong Kok district. Through this exercise, both vertical and horizontal illuminances on the street level and the light distribution along the street were determined. An average level of 250 lx for the vertical illuminance was found, which was 3–4 times higher than the recommended brightness for normal activity. The light environment of the measured area was also modelled with the simulation program DIALux. This effort complemented the measurements by providing a means to increase the resolution on the light variation and to visualize light pollution in a 3D environment. The simulation results were verified by correlating the numerical model with measurements. The correlated model was exercised in a subsequent sensitivity study to predict possible outcomes with changing lighting pattern and lighting lumen level. This study serves to quantify this issue, which helps with the further development of effective solutions.
    Keywords computer simulation ; energy ; environment ; human health ; lighting ; mathematical models ; pollution ; urbanization ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0901
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155681
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative (OBRI).

    Wong-Pack, Matthew / Hepworth, Elliot / Movahedi, Mohammad / Kuriya, Bindee / Pope, Janet / Keystone, Edward / Thorne, Carter / Ahluwalia, Vandana / Cesta, Angela / Mously, Carol / Bombardier, Claire / Lau, Arthur / Aydin, Sibel Zehra

    Rheumatology advances in practice

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) rkad042

    Abstract: Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges for patients with RA. We examined the potential impact of the pandemic on patient-reported outcomes (PROs), disease activity and medication profiles, comparing the periods ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges for patients with RA. We examined the potential impact of the pandemic on patient-reported outcomes (PROs), disease activity and medication profiles, comparing the periods pre-pandemic and during the pandemic.
    Methods: Patients enrolled in the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative were included if they had at least one visit to a physician or study interviewer within 12 months before and after the start of pandemic-related closures in Ontario (15 March 2020). Baseline characteristics, disease activity, PROs [i.e. health assessment questionnaire disability index, RA disease activity index (RADAI), European quality of life five-dimension questionnaire], medication use and changes were included. Student's paired two-sample
    Results: The sample for analysis consisted of 1508 patients, with a mean (s.d.) age of 62.7 (12.5) years, and 79% were female. Despite decreases in the number of in-person visits during the pandemic, there was no significant negative impact on disease activity or PRO scores. The DASs in both periods remained low, with either no clinically significant differences or slight improvement. Scores for mental, social and physical health were either stable or improved. There were statistically significant decreases in conventional synthetic DMARD use (
    Conclusion: In this cohort, disease activity and PROs of RA patients remained stable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The longer-term outcomes of the pandemic warrant investigation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2514-1775
    ISSN (online) 2514-1775
    DOI 10.1093/rap/rkad042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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