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Article ; Online: The Relevance of Thiamine Evaluation in a Practical Setting.

Pacei, Federico / Tesone, Antonella / Laudi, Nazzareno / Laudi, Emanuele / Cretti, Anna / Pnini, Shira / Varesco, Fabio / Colombo, Chiara

Nutrients

2020 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: Thiamine is a crucial cofactor involved in the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism and participates in multiple cellular metabolic processes. Although thiamine can be obtained from various food sources, some common food groups are deficient in ... ...

Abstract	Thiamine is a crucial cofactor involved in the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism and participates in multiple cellular metabolic processes. Although thiamine can be obtained from various food sources, some common food groups are deficient in thiamine, and it can be denatured by high temperature and pH. Additionally, different drugs can alter thiamine metabolism. In addition, the half-life of thiamine in the body is between 1 and 3 weeks. All these factors could provide an explanation for the relatively short period needed to develop thiamine deficiency and observe the consequent clinical symptoms. Thiamine deficiency could lead to neurological and cardiological problems. These clinical conditions could be severe or even fatal. Marginal deficiency too may promote weaker symptoms that might be overlooked. Patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal or pancreatic surgery could have or develop thiamine deficiency for many different reasons. To achieve the best outcome for these patients, we strongly recommend the execution of both an adequate preoperative nutritional assessment, which includes thiamine evaluation, and a close nutritional follow up to avoid a nutrient deficit in the postoperative period.
MeSH term(s)	Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Thiamine/blood ; Thiamine Deficiency/blood ; Thiamine Deficiency/etiology ; Thiamine Deficiency/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Thiamine (X66NSO3N35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12092810
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays.

Aguilar, M / Ambrosi, G / Anderson, H / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Bagwell, C / Barao, F / Barbanera, M / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Battiston, R / Belyaev, N / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Bolster, J / Borchiellini, M / Borgia, B /

Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / D'Angelo, F / Dass, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Faldi, F / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guracho, A N / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Huang, B W / Ionica, M / Incagli, M / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Karagöz, G / Khan, S / Khiali, B / Kirn, Th / Klipfel, A P / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Krasnopevtsev, D / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / LaVecchia, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, H L / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, Q Y / Li, S / Li, S L / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Liang, M J / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, S D / Luo, Xi / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Medvedeva, T / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Jozani, Y Najafi / Negrete, J / Nicolaidis, R / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Ocampo-Peleteiro, J / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Ottupara, M A / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Plyaskin, V / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rodríguez-García, I / Romaneehsen, L / Rossi, F / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Savin, E / Schael, S / von Dratzig, A Schultz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Silvestre, G / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Tian, Y / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Wu, Y / Xiao, J N / Xiong, R Q / Xiong, X Z / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, H T / Yang, Y / Yelland, A / Yi, H / You, Y H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2023 Volume 131, Issue 15, Page(s) 151002

Abstract: We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic positron fluxes in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 3.4×10^{6} positrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The ... ...

Abstract	We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic positron fluxes in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 3.4×10^{6} positrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The positron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the electron fluxes at short and long timescales. A hysteresis between the electron fluxes and the positron fluxes is observed with a significance greater than 5σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. On the contrary, the positron fluxes and the proton fluxes show similar time variation. Remarkably, we found that positron fluxes are modulated more than proton fluxes with a significance greater than 5σ for rigidities below 7 GV. These continuous daily positron fluxes, together with AMS daily electron, proton, and helium fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle, provide unique input to the understanding of both the charge-sign and mass dependencies of cosmic rays in the heliosphere.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.151002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Bagwell, C / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Belyaev, N / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Bolster, J / Borchiellini, M /

Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dass, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Faldi, F / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guracho, A N / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Huang, B W / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Karagöz, G / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Krasnopevtsev, D / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / LaVecchia, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, H L / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, Q Y / Li, S / Li, S L / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Liang, M J / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, S D / Luo, Xi / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Medvedeva, T / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Ocampo-Peleteiro, J / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Ottupara, M A / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Plyaskin, V / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Reina Conde, A / Robyn, E / Romaneehsen, L / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schultz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Tian, Y / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Wu, Y / Xiao, J N / Xiong, R Q / Xiong, X Z / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, H T / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yelland, A / Yi, H / You, Y H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2023 Volume 130, Issue 21, Page(s) 211002

Abstract: We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×10^{6} sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of ... ...

Abstract	We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×10^{6} sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.
MeSH term(s)	Magnesium ; Neon ; Carbon ; Sulfur ; Magnetic Phenomena
Chemical Substances	Magnesium (I38ZP9992A) ; Neon (4VB4Y46AHD) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.211002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Bagwell, C / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Behlmann, M / Belyaev, N / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Bolster, J / Borgia, B /

Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dass, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Faldi, F / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guracho, A N / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Karagöz, G / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Krasnopevtsev, D / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / LaVecchia, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, H L / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, Q Y / Li, S / Li, S L / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Liang, M J / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Medvedeva, T / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Ocampo-Peleteiro, J / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / von Dratzig, A Schultz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yelland, A / Yi, H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2023 Volume 130, Issue 16, Page(s) 161001

Abstract: We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×10^{8} electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The ...

Abstract	We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×10^{8} electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.161001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Behlmann, M / Beranek, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M /

Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dass, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Karagöz, G / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Krasnopevtsev, D / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, S / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Medvedeva, T / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / von Dratzig, A Schultz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shakfa, Z / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yi, H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2022 Volume 127, Issue 27, Page(s) 271102

Abstract: We present the precision measurement of the daily proton fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 (a total of 2824 days or 114 Bartels rotations) in the rigidity interval from 1 to 100 GV based on 5.5×10^{9} protons collected with the ... ...

Abstract	We present the precision measurement of the daily proton fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 (a total of 2824 days or 114 Bartels rotations) in the rigidity interval from 1 to 100 GV based on 5.5×10^{9} protons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. The proton fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. From 2014 to 2018, we observed recurrent flux variations with a period of 27 days. Shorter periods of 9 days and 13.5 days are observed in 2016. The strength of all three periodicities changes with time and rigidity. The rigidity dependence of the 27-day periodicity is different from the rigidity dependences of 9-day and 13.5-day periods. Unexpectedly, the strength of 9-day and 13.5-day periodicities increases with increasing rigidities up to ∼10 GV and ∼20 GV, respectively. Then the strength of the periodicities decreases with increasing rigidity up to 100 GV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.271102
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Article ; Online: Properties of Daily Helium Fluxes.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Behlmann, M / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F /

Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dass, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Karagöz, G / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Krasnopevtsev, D / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, H L / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, Q Y / Li, S / Li, S L / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Liang, M J / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Medvedeva, T / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Ocampo-Peleteiro, J / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / von Dratzig, A Schultz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yi, H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2022 Volume 128, Issue 23, Page(s) 231102

Abstract: We present the precision measurement of 2824 daily helium fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 in the rigidity interval from 1.71 to 100 GV based on 7.6×10^{8} helium nuclei collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) ... ...

Abstract	We present the precision measurement of 2824 daily helium fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 in the rigidity interval from 1.71 to 100 GV based on 7.6×10^{8} helium nuclei collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The helium flux and the helium to proton flux ratio exhibit variations on multiple timescales. In nearly all the time intervals from 2014 to 2018, we observed recurrent helium flux variations with a period of 27 days. Shorter periods of 9 days and 13.5 days are observed in 2016. The strength of all three periodicities changes with time and rigidity. In the entire time period, we found that below ∼7 GV the helium flux exhibits larger time variations than the proton flux, and above ∼7 GV the helium to proton flux ratio is time independent. Remarkably, below 2.4 GV a hysteresis between the helium to proton flux ratio and the helium flux was observed at greater than the 7σ level. This shows that at low rigidity the modulation of the helium to proton flux ratio is different before and after the solar maximum in 2014.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.231102
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Article ; Online: Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Behlmann, M / Beranek, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J /

Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Krasnopevtsev, D / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, S / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Medvedeva, T / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / von Dratzig, A Schulz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shakfa, Z / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Tüysüz, C / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yi, H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 127, Issue 2, Page(s) 21101

Abstract: We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space ...

Abstract	We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We found that Na and Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong to a distinct cosmic ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar to the N flux, both the Na flux and Al flux are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component (proportional to the silicon flux) and a secondary cosmic ray component (proportional to the fluorine flux). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity for the N, Na, and Al fluxes and becomes dominant at the highest rigidities. The Na/Si and Al/Si abundance ratios at the source, 0.036±0.003 for Na/Si and 0.103±0.004 for Al/Si, are determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101
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Article ; Online: Erratum: Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 021101 (2021)].

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 127, Issue 15, Page(s) 159901

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101. ...

Abstract	This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.159901
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Article ; Online: Properties of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon Primary Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B /

Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Galaktionov, Y / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, S / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Piandani, R / Plyaskin, V / Poluianov, S / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Reina Conde, A / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Sonnabend, R / Song, J W / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Tüysüz, C / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wallmann, C / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Z X / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2020 Volume 124, Issue 21, Page(s) 211102

Abstract: We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8×10^{6} Ne, 2.2×10^{6} Mg, and 1.6×10^{6} Si nuclei collected by the Alpha ... ...

Abstract	We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8×10^{6} Ne, 2.2×10^{6} Mg, and 1.6×10^{6} Si nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The Ne and Mg spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 3.65 GV. The three spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 86.5 GV, deviate from a single power law above 200 GV, and harden in an identical way. Unexpectedly, above 86.5 GV the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si spectra is different from the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O. This shows that the Ne, Mg, and Si and He, C, and O are two different classes of primary cosmic rays.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.211102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Allen, M S / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Behlmann, M / Beranek, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B /

Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Galaktionov, Y / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, S / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Piandani, R / Plyaskin, V / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shakfa, Z / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Tüysüz, C / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yi, H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 8, Page(s) 81102

Abstract: Precise knowledge of the charge and rigidity dependence of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and the secondary-to-primary flux ratios is essential in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation. We report the properties of heavy secondary cosmic ray ... ...

Abstract	Precise knowledge of the charge and rigidity dependence of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and the secondary-to-primary flux ratios is essential in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation. We report the properties of heavy secondary cosmic ray fluorine F in the rigidity R range 2.15 GV to 2.9 TV based on 0.29 million events collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The fluorine spectrum deviates from a single power law above 200 GV. The heavier secondary-to-primary F/Si flux ratio rigidity dependence is distinctly different from the lighter B/O (or B/C) rigidity dependence. In particular, above 10 GV, the F/Si/B/O ratio can be described by a power law R^{δ} with δ=0.052±0.007. This shows that the propagation properties of heavy cosmic rays, from F to Si, are different from those of light cosmic rays, from He to O, and that the secondary cosmic rays have two classes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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