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  1. Article: The epidemiologic study of dementia: a life-long quest?

    Launer, L J

    Neurobiology of aging

    2005  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 335–340

    Abstract: Based on many experimental and observational studies we now understand that neurodegenerative brain changes begin by middle age. Characteristics of the risk factors for these brain changes may also change with age. A review is conducted of studies that ... ...

    Abstract Based on many experimental and observational studies we now understand that neurodegenerative brain changes begin by middle age. Characteristics of the risk factors for these brain changes may also change with age. A review is conducted of studies that report on the association of mid-life risk factors to late cognitive impairment and dementia. Issues related to the interpretation of the data are discussed. The studies suggest that mid-life cardiovascular risk factors, and in particular elevated levels of blood pressure, increase the risk for late-life cognitive impairment and dementia. Our understanding the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to late age brain disease has been helped tremendously by prospective studies with long follow-up. To better understand which risk factors lead to disease initiation, progression and prognosis, a life course approach to the epidemiologic study of dementia is needed.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aging/pathology ; Aging/physiology ; Blood Pressure ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cholesterol ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604505-4
    ISSN 1558-1497 ; 0197-4580
    ISSN (online) 1558-1497
    ISSN 0197-4580
    DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Dynamic relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance over 20 years of adulthood

    Wu, Che-Yuan / Cogo-Moreira, Hugo / MacIntosh, Bradley J. / Edwards, Jodi D. / Krance, Saffire H. / Eid, Michael / Schreiner, Pamela J. / Launer, Lenore J. / Swardfager, Walter

    Psychological Medicine

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) 1458–1467

    Abstract: Background: Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between depression and diabetes have been observed, but the dominant direction of their temporal relationships remains controversial. Methods: The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model decomposes ... ...

    Title translation Dynamische Beziehungen zwischen depressiven Symptomen und Insulinresistenz über 20 Jahre im Erwachsenenalter
    Abstract Background: Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between depression and diabetes have been observed, but the dominant direction of their temporal relationships remains controversial. Methods: The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model decomposes observed variables into a latent intercept representing the traits, and occasion-specific latent 'state' variables. This permits correlations to be assessed between the traits, while longitudinal 'cross-lagged' associations and cross-sectional correlations can be assessed between occasion-specific latent variables. We examined dynamic relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance across five visits over 20 years of adulthood in the population-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Possible differences based on population group (Black v. White participants), sex and years of education were tested. Depressive symptoms and insulin resistance were quantified using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively. Results: Among 4044 participants (baseline mean age 34.9 +/- 3.7 years, 53% women, 51% Black participants), HOMA-IR and CES-D traits were weakly correlated (r = 0.081, p = 0.002). Some occasion-specific correlations, but no cross-lagged associations were observed overall. Longitudinal dynamics of these relationships differed by population groups such that HOMA-IR at age 50 was associated with CES-D score at age 55 (beta = 0.076, p = 0.038) in White participants only. Longitudinal dynamics were consistent between sexes and based on education. Conclusions: The relationship between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance was best characterized by weak correlations between occasion-specific states and enduring traits, with weak evidence that insulin resistance might be temporally associated with subsequent depressive symptoms among White participants later in adulthood.
    Keywords Aging ; Altern ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Insulin ; Ko-Morbidität ; Major Depression ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Metabolisches Syndrom ; Symptome ; Symptoms
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 217420-0
    ISSN 1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
    ISSN (online) 1469-8978
    ISSN 0033-2917
    DOI 10.1017/S0033291721003032
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  3. Article ; Online: Dynamics between psychological distress and body mass index throughout adult life; evidence from 3 large cohort studies.

    Scarpato, B S / Swardfager, W / Eid, M / Ploubidis, G B / MacIntosh, B J / Wu, C Y / Launer, L J / Cogo-Moreira, H

    Journal of psychiatric research

    2021  Volume 144, Page(s) 378–388

    Abstract: Background: Associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress (PD) have been reported; however, few longitudinal studies have accounted for likely life-course differences in BMI and PD stability, consistency, and their interplay ... ...

    Abstract Background: Associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress (PD) have been reported; however, few longitudinal studies have accounted for likely life-course differences in BMI and PD stability, consistency, and their interplay across time.
    Methods: Via random intercepts cross-lagged panel models, we assessed the predictive effects (from BMI to PD or vice-versa) across the last two centuries in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults [CARDIA, beginning in 1985-6] study using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D], and in the National Child Development Study [NCDS, beginning in 1958] and British Cohort Study [BCS, beginning in 1970] using the Malaise Inventory [MI]), assessed at least 4 times in adult life.
    Findings: In CARDIA (n = 4724), NCDS58 (n = 7149) and BCS70 (n = 5967), autoregressive effects were stronger for BMI than for PD, meaning that carry-over effects from one occasion to the next were larger for BMI than for PD. Small interindividual correlations between traits of higher BMI and higher PD were identified among females (r
    Interpretation: In the United States, depressive symptoms and BMI were positively correlated at the trait level among females. In the United Kingdom, relationships between PD and BMI were inconsistent between generations, with effect sizes of unlikely clinical importance, indicating negligible dominance of an intraindividual effect of BMI on PD or vice versa.
    MeSH term(s) Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Psychological Distress ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Is there epidemiologic evidence that anti-oxidants protect against disorders in cognitive function?

    Launer, L J

    The journal of nutrition, health & aging

    2000  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 197–201

    Abstract: Experimental studies have identified several pathways through which oxidative stress could adversely affect cognitive function and increase the risk for dementia. Anti-oxidant supplements have been proposed as interventions for secondary or primary ... ...

    Abstract Experimental studies have identified several pathways through which oxidative stress could adversely affect cognitive function and increase the risk for dementia. Anti-oxidant supplements have been proposed as interventions for secondary or primary prevention against dementia. The existing observational studies and randomized trials examining anti-oxidants and cognitive function outcomes are reviewed. A discussion is provided of methodologic limitations of existing studies and possible directions for future investigations.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Dementia/etiology ; Dementia/prevention & control ; Dietary Supplements ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Primary Prevention ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2081921-3
    ISSN 1760-4788 ; 1279-7707
    ISSN (online) 1760-4788
    ISSN 1279-7707
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Characteristics of incidence hip fracture cases in older adults participating in the longitudinal AGES-Reykjavik study.

    Skuladottir, S S / Ramel, A / Hjaltadottir, I / Launer, L J / Cotch, M F / Siggeirsdottir, K / Gudnason, V / Sigurdsson, G / Steingrimsdottir, L / Halldorsson, T

    Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 243–250

    Abstract: Poor physical function and body composition my partly predict the risk of falls leading to fracture regardless of bone mineral density.: Introduction: To examine the relationship between body composition, physical function, and other markers of health ...

    Abstract Poor physical function and body composition my partly predict the risk of falls leading to fracture regardless of bone mineral density.
    Introduction: To examine the relationship between body composition, physical function, and other markers of health with hip fractures in older community-dwelling Icelandic adults.
    Methods: A prospective cohort of 4782 older adults from the AGES-Reykjavik study. Baseline recruitment took place between 2002 and 2006, and information on hip fractures occurring through 2012 was extracted from clinical records. Using multivariate regression analyses, baseline measures of bone health, physical function, and body composition were compared between those who later experienced hip fractures and to those who did not. Associations with the risk of fractures were quantified using Cox regression.
    Results: Mean age was 76.3 years at baseline. After adjustment for age, regression showed that male hip fracture cases compared with non-cases had (mean (95% confidence interval)) significantly lower thigh muscle cross-sectional area - 5.6 cm
    Conclusions: After accounting for age and BMD, older adults who later experienced a hip fracture had poorer baseline measures of physical function and/or body composition, which may at least partly contribute to the risk of falls leading to fracture.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Bone Density ; Female ; Hip Fractures/epidemiology ; Hip Fractures/etiology ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Postural Balance ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time and Motion Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1064892-6
    ISSN 1433-2965 ; 0937-941X
    ISSN (online) 1433-2965
    ISSN 0937-941X
    DOI 10.1007/s00198-020-05567-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Correction to: Characteristics of incidence hip fracture cases in older adults participating in the longitudinal AGES-Reykjavik study.

    Skuladottir, S S / Ramel, A / Hjaltadottir, I / Launer, L J / Cotch, M F / Siggeirsdottir, K / Gudnason, V / Sigurdsson, G / Steingrimsdottir, L / Halldorsson, T

    Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 2501

    Abstract: The original version of this article, published on 18 august 2020 contained a mistake. An author's name was misspelled. ...

    Abstract The original version of this article, published on 18 august 2020 contained a mistake. An author's name was misspelled.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1064892-6
    ISSN 1433-2965 ; 0937-941X
    ISSN (online) 1433-2965
    ISSN 0937-941X
    DOI 10.1007/s00198-020-05678-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Inflammation and dementia: epidemiologic evidence.

    Peila, R / Launer, L J

    Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum

    2006  Volume 185, Page(s) 102–106

    Abstract: Based on experimental and neuropathologic studies, inflammation is postulated to play a central role in processes leading to neurodegeneration as well as vascular injury. To better understand the role of inflammation in cognitive disorders (CD), identify ...

    Abstract Based on experimental and neuropathologic studies, inflammation is postulated to play a central role in processes leading to neurodegeneration as well as vascular injury. To better understand the role of inflammation in cognitive disorders (CD), identify potential biomarkers for CD, and select individuals who may have a genetic susceptibility to CD, several different measures of inflammation have been employed in epidemiologic studies of CD, which are reviewed here. An inverse association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications has been consistently reported. More variable are reports on the associations of various serum markers of cytokines to CD. There are few epidemiologic studies that have examined the association of CD and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) regulating cytokines, although these have been examined in clinical case-control series. Data are summarized on the association of interleukin-1 SNPs from the Honolulu Asia Aging Study. There are many outstanding questions about the role of inflammation in CD and how best to measure it in the context of population-based studies.
    MeSH term(s) Acute-Phase Proteins/metabolism ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage ; Cytokines/blood ; Dementia/blood ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Dementia/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications
    Chemical Substances Acute-Phase Proteins ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1956-2
    ISSN 0065-1427
    ISSN 0065-1427
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00693.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: White Matter Lesion Penumbra Shows Abnormalities on Structural and Physiologic MRIs in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort.

    Nasrallah, I M / Hsieh, M-K / Erus, G / Battapady, H / Dolui, S / Detre, J A / Launer, L J / Jacobs, D R / Davatzikos, C / Bryan, R N

    AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 8, Page(s) 1291–1298

    Abstract: Background and purpose: White matter lesions are 1 age-related manifestation of cerebrovascular disease, but subthreshold abnormalities have been identified in nonlesional WM. We hypothesized that structural and physiologic MR imaging findings of early ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: White matter lesions are 1 age-related manifestation of cerebrovascular disease, but subthreshold abnormalities have been identified in nonlesional WM. We hypothesized that structural and physiologic MR imaging findings of early cerebrovascular disease can be measured in middle-aged subjects in tissue adjacent to WM lesions, termed "penumbra."
    Materials and methods: WM lesions were defined using automated segmentation in 463 subjects, 43-56 years of age, from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) longitudinal observational cohort study. We described 0- to 2-mm and 2- to 4-mm-thick spatially defined penumbral WM tissue ROIs as rings surrounding WM lesions. The remaining WM was defined as distant normal-appearing WM. Mean signal intensities were measured for FLAIR, T1-, and T2-weighted images, and from fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, CBF, and vascular reactivity maps. Group comparisons were made using Kruskal-Wallis and pair-wise
    Results: Lesion volumes averaged 0.738 ± 0.842 cm
    Conclusions: Even in relatively healthy 43- to 56-year-old subjects with small white matter lesion burden, structural and functional MR imaging in penumbral tissue reveals significant signal abnormalities versus white matter lesions and other normal WM. Findings suggest that the onset of WM injury starts by middle age and involves substantially more tissue than evident from focal white matter lesions visualized on structural imaging.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/pathology ; Cohort Studies ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroimaging/methods ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 603808-6
    ISSN 1936-959X ; 0195-6108
    ISSN (online) 1936-959X
    ISSN 0195-6108
    DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A6119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Population-based studies of AD: message and methods: an epidemiologic view.

    Launer, L J / Brock, D B

    Statistics in medicine

    2004  Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–197

    Abstract: Dementia is a growing public health problem because the numbers suffering the disease is increasing rapidly as the population ages. Over the past decade several longitudinal population-based studies were initiated and are still on-going. These studies ... ...

    Abstract Dementia is a growing public health problem because the numbers suffering the disease is increasing rapidly as the population ages. Over the past decade several longitudinal population-based studies were initiated and are still on-going. These studies will provide valuable insight into the risk factors for, and progression of dementia. However, there are several design and statistical challenges that are unique to studying dementia in the population and that need to be addressed. These challenges include aspects of both ascertainment of disease and definition of exposure. To reduce bias from prospective epidemiologic studies, not only are new approaches to definition of disease and exposure needed, but new epidemiologic or statistical methods may be required as well.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Dementia ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 843037-8
    ISSN 1097-0258 ; 0277-6715
    ISSN (online) 1097-0258
    ISSN 0277-6715
    DOI 10.1002/sim.1708
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  10. Article: Dynamics between psychological distress and body mass index throughout adult life; Evidence from 3 large cohort studies

    Scarpato, Bruno Sini / Swardfager, Walter / Eid, M. / Ploubidis, G. B. / MacIntosh, B. J. / Wu, Che Yuan / Launer, Lenore J. / Cogo-Moreira, Hugo

    Journal of Psychiatric Research

    2021  Volume 144, Page(s) 378–388

    Abstract: Background: Associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress (PD) have been reported; however, few longitudinal studies have accounted for likely life-course differences in BMI and PD stability, consistency, and their interplay ... ...

    Title translation Dynamik zwischen psychischer Belastung und Body-Mass-Index im Erwachsenenalter; Erkenntnisse aus 3 großen Kohortenstudien
    Abstract Background: Associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress (PD) have been reported; however, few longitudinal studies have accounted for likely life-course differences in BMI and PD stability, consistency, and their interplay across time. Methods: Via random intercepts cross-lagged panel models, we assessed the predictive effects (from BMI to PD or vice-versa) across the last two centuries in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults [CARDIA, beginning in 1985-6] study using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D], and in the National Child Development Study [NCDS, beginning in 1958] and British Cohort Study [BCS, beginning in 1970] using the Malaise Inventory [MI]), assessed at least 4 times in adult life. Findings: In CARDIA (n = 4724), NCDS58 (n = 7149) and BCS70 (n = 5967), autoregressive effects were stronger for BMI than for PD, meaning that carry-over effects from one occasion to the next were larger for BMI than for PD. Small interindividual correlations between traits of higher BMI and higher PD were identified among females (rfemale<|0.2|) but not males (rmale<|0.03|) in CARDIA and NCDS. Cross-lagged effects were very weak or close to zero (standardized effects eta<|0.1|). Interpretation: In the United States, depressive symptoms and BMI were positively correlated at the trait level among females. In the United Kingdom, relationships between PD and BMI were inconsistent between generations, with effect sizes of unlikely clinical importance, indicating negligible dominance of an intraindividual effect of BMI on PD or vice versa.
    Keywords Adult Development ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Distress ; Emotionale Belastung ; Entwicklung im Erwachsenenalter ; Geschlechtsunterschiede beim Menschen ; Human Sex Differences ; Individual Differences ; Individuelle Unterschiede ; Körpergewicht ; Lebensspanne ; Life Span ; Major Depression ; Prediction ; Psychischer Stress ; Psychological Stress ; Vorhersage
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.030
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