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  1. Book ; Online: Trigger-Level Event Reconstruction for Neutrino Telescopes Using Sparse Submanifold Convolutional Neural Networks

    Yu, Felix J. / Lazar, Jeffrey / Argüelles, Carlos A.

    2023  

    Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have seen extensive applications in scientific data analysis, including in neutrino telescopes. However, the data from these experiments present numerous challenges to CNNs, such as non-regular geometry, sparsity, and ...

    Abstract Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have seen extensive applications in scientific data analysis, including in neutrino telescopes. However, the data from these experiments present numerous challenges to CNNs, such as non-regular geometry, sparsity, and high dimensionality. Consequently, CNNs are highly inefficient on neutrino telescope data, and require significant pre-processing that results in information loss. We propose sparse submanifold convolutions (SSCNNs) as a solution to these issues and show that the SSCNN event reconstruction performance is comparable to or better than traditional and machine learning algorithms. Additionally, our SSCNN runs approximately 16 times faster than a traditional CNN on a GPU. As a result of this speedup, it is expected to be capable of handling the trigger-level event rate of IceCube-scale neutrino telescopes. These networks could be used to improve the first estimation of the neutrino energy and direction to seed more advanced reconstructions, or to provide this information to an alert-sending system to quickly follow-up interesting events.

    Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
    Keywords High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  2. Article ; Online: Land cover impacts on storm flow suspended solid and nutrient concentrations in southwest Ohio streams.

    Lazar, Jeffrey A / Spahr, Rachel / Grudzinski, Bartosz P / Fisher, Thomas J

    Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

    2019  Volume 91, Issue 6, Page(s) 510–522

    Abstract: Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds ... ...

    Abstract Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds which ranged in urban land cover from 6% to 92% and in agricultural land cover from 4% to 70%. Two watersheds contained water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Percent agricultural land cover in a watershed and storm magnitude were primary explanatory variables for total suspended solid and total phosphorus concentrations. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were primarily explained by the presence of WRRFs and percent agricultural land cover. Increased dissolved nutrient concentrations in watersheds with WRRFs indicate that WRRFs in the study area are ineffectively removing nitrate and phosphate from effluent. Results suggest that to improve water quality during storm flows, additional management efforts need to be focused on agricultural watersheds and WRRFs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Storm flow water quality in the study area is significantly affected by land cover, WRRF Q, and storm Q. TSS and TP concentrations are best explained by percent of agricultural land cover in a watershed and magnitude of storms. TN, NO
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Monitoring ; Nutrients/analysis ; Nutrients/chemistry ; Rain/chemistry ; Rivers/chemistry ; Solubility ; Suspensions ; Water Movements ; Water Quality
    Chemical Substances Nutrients ; Suspensions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1098976-6
    ISSN 1554-7531 ; 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
    ISSN (online) 1554-7531
    ISSN 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
    DOI 10.1002/wer.1054
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  3. Article ; Online: The impact of an emergency medicine clinical pharmacist on nursing satisfaction.

    Treu, Cierra N / Llamzon, Janine L / Acquisto, Nicole M / Lazar, Jeffrey D

    International journal of clinical pharmacy

    2019  Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 1618–1624

    Abstract: Background: In the United States, emergency medicine clinical pharmacists have become more common over the last several decades. Despite being a vital component of the emergency department interdisciplinary team, there is very limited information ... ...

    Abstract Background: In the United States, emergency medicine clinical pharmacists have become more common over the last several decades. Despite being a vital component of the emergency department interdisciplinary team, there is very limited information published regarding the direct impact emergency medicine clinical pharmacists have on other emergency department-based professions.
    Objective: To determine if the addition of an emergency medicine clinical pharmacist improves nursing satisfaction with pharmacy services.
    Setting: The study was conducted at a 422-bed urban teaching hospital consisting of approximately 60 emergency medicine nurses.
    Methods: This was a prospective study that evaluated nursing satisfaction prior to the initiation of an emergency medicine clinical pharmacist and one year after implementation. The survey consisted of 29 questions and was designed to assess three areas of pharmacy: general pharmacy, pharmacy information technology, and emergency medicine clinical pharmacy services. For the majority of questions, a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 representing strongly disagree to 5 representing strongly agree was utilized. Responses for the 5 point Likert scale were further tabulated into either positive or negative responses. All emergency department nurses employed during the study period (September 2015 and 2016) were eligible to participate anonymously.
    Main outcome measure: The main outcome assessed was the difference in satisfaction scores between study periods.
    Results: A total of 52 surveys were returned over the course of the study (22 [36.7%] in the pre-intervention group versus 30 [50%] in the post-intervention group). All general pharmacy questions were improved at one year with timely resolution of pharmacy related issues, medication procurement, and satisfaction with pharmacy services achieving statistical significance. Pharmacy information technology questions were significantly improved with respect to satisfaction with the automated medication dispensing system inventory, prevention and resolution of medication stock outs, and ease of medication removal compared to baseline. The perceived impact of emergency medicine clinical pharmacy services in the pre-intervention group was validated after the one-year implementation period.
    Conclusion: An emergency medicine clinical pharmacist increases nursing satisfaction with central pharmacy and pharmacy technology services and was able to maintain the nurses' perceived expected role of the clinical pharmacist.
    MeSH term(s) Attitude of Health Personnel ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Pharmacists/organization & administration ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Professional Role ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2601204-2
    ISSN 2210-7711 ; 2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
    ISSN (online) 2210-7711
    ISSN 2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
    DOI 10.1007/s11096-019-00927-y
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  4. Article ; Online: Images in clinical medicine. A blinking knee.

    Lazar, Jeffrey D / Willis, Lucy K

    The New England journal of medicine

    2014  Volume 370, Issue 24, Page(s) e36

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Arterioles/physiology ; Dermatitis/etiology ; Dermatitis/pathology ; Dermatitis/physiopathology ; Female ; Flushing/physiopathology ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings/complications ; Knee/blood supply ; Knee/physiopathology ; Pulse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMicm1311581
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  5. Article: Land cover impacts on storm flow suspended solid and nutrient concentrations in southwest Ohio streams

    Lazar, Jeffrey A. / Spahr, Rachel / Grudzinski, Bartosz P. / Fisher, Thomas J.

    Water environment research. 2019 June, v. 91, no. 6

    2019  

    Abstract: Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds ... ...

    Abstract Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds which ranged in urban land cover from 6% to 92% and in agricultural land cover from 4% to 70%. Two watersheds contained water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Percent agricultural land cover in a watershed and storm magnitude were primary explanatory variables for total suspended solid and total phosphorus concentrations. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were primarily explained by the presence of WRRFs and percent agricultural land cover. Increased dissolved nutrient concentrations in watersheds with WRRFs indicate that WRRFs in the study area are ineffectively removing nitrate and phosphate from effluent. Results suggest that to improve water quality during storm flows, additional management efforts need to be focused on agricultural watersheds and WRRFs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Storm flow water quality in the study area is significantly affected by land cover, WRRF Q, and storm Q. TSS and TP concentrations are best explained by percent of agricultural land cover in a watershed and magnitude of storms. TN, NO₃‐N, and PO43‐P concentrations are best explained by WRRF Q, followed by the percent agricultural land cover. This study shows that agricultural land cover and WRRFs play a significant role in water quality degradation in SW Ohio.
    Keywords agricultural land ; ecoregions ; environment ; land cover ; nitrates ; phosphates ; research ; storms ; total nitrogen ; total phosphorus ; water ; water quality ; Corn Belt region ; Ohio
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-06
    Size p. 510-522.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1098976-6
    ISSN 1554-7531 ; 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
    ISSN (online) 1554-7531
    ISSN 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
    DOI 10.1002/wer.1054
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  6. Article: Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens: A New Perspective on Management.

    Sequeira Gross, Harry G / Jimenez, Yomary / Ciobanu, Camelia / Tarekegn, Kidist / Colon Ramos, Ana / Lazar, Jeffrey

    Cureus

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e16257

    Abstract: This is a case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) with unexpected but complete resolution of symptoms with short-term administration of heparin products, despite falling into category IIb according to the Rutherford limb ischemia scale, which regularly ... ...

    Abstract This is a case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) with unexpected but complete resolution of symptoms with short-term administration of heparin products, despite falling into category IIb according to the Rutherford limb ischemia scale, which regularly requires aggressive surgical intervention. We present a case of a 58-year-old Hispanic female with a past medical history of gastritis who arrived at the emergency room (ER) with acute onset severe pain on the left leg associated with discoloration of the leg. The patient was quickly diagnosed with PCD affecting the left lower extremity, which quickly resolved after administration of heparin infusion for one hour, despite the degree of limb ischemia. There is no consensus for the treatment of this condition. The most interesting feature of this case is the prompt resolution of symptoms with short-term administration of anticoagulation with total resolution without the need for thrombolysis or thrombectomy. This may suggest that prompt pharmacologic treatment in patients eligible for anticoagulation may successfully restore venous flow negating the need for further intervention.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.16257
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  7. Article: Identification of subcutaneous myiasis using bedside emergency physician performed ultrasound.

    Schechter, Elissa / Lazar, Jeffrey / Nix, M Eric / Mallon, William K / Moore, Christopher L

    The Journal of emergency medicine

    2011  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) e1–3

    Abstract: Background: Subcutaneous myiasis, a maggot infiltration of human tissue, is common in tropical countries. However, physicians in the United States may be unlikely to consider this etiology of dermatologic abnormalities even when a travel history ... ...

    Abstract Background: Subcutaneous myiasis, a maggot infiltration of human tissue, is common in tropical countries. However, physicians in the United States may be unlikely to consider this etiology of dermatologic abnormalities even when a travel history suggests the diagnosis should be included in the differential.
    Case report: We report the case of a patient who returned from Sierra Leone with an infestation of a maggot of Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly) that was diagnosed and appropriately treated based on ultrasound findings.
    Conclusion: As international travel increases, clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for tumbu fly infestation in returned travelers from endemic areas. The increasing use of ultrasound in the Emergency Department for evaluation of skin and soft tissue infections may aid the physician in making the diagnosis of subcutaneous myiasis.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Emergency Medicine ; Female ; Humans ; Myiasis/diagnostic imaging ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Sierra Leone ; Skin Diseases, Parasitic ; Travel ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605559-x
    ISSN 0736-4679
    ISSN 0736-4679
    DOI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.11.095
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  8. Article ; Online: High enhancer, downer, withdrawal helper: Multifunctional nonmedical benzodiazepine use among young adult opioid users in New York City.

    Mateu-Gelabert, Pedro / Jessell, Lauren / Goodbody, Elizabeth / Kim, Dongah / Gile, Krista / Teubl, Jennifer / Syckes, Cassandra / Ruggles, Kelly / Lazar, Jeffrey / Friedman, Sam / Guarino, Honoria

    The International journal on drug policy

    2017  Volume 46, Page(s) 17–27

    Abstract: Background: Benzodiazepines are a widely prescribed psychoactive drug; in the U.S., both medical and nonmedical use of benzodiazepines has increased markedly in the past 15 years. Long-term use can lead to tolerance and dependence, and abrupt withdrawal ...

    Abstract Background: Benzodiazepines are a widely prescribed psychoactive drug; in the U.S., both medical and nonmedical use of benzodiazepines has increased markedly in the past 15 years. Long-term use can lead to tolerance and dependence, and abrupt withdrawal can cause seizures or other life-threatening symptoms. Benzodiazepines are often used nonmedically in conjunction with other drugs, and with opioids in particular-a combination that can increase the risk for fatal and non-fatal overdose. This mixed-methods study examines nonmedical use of benzodiazepines among young adults in New York City and its relationship with opioid use.
    Methods: For qualitative analysis, 46 90-minute semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adult opioid users (ages 18-32). Interviews were transcribed and coded for key themes. For quantitative analysis, 464 young adult opioid users (ages 18-29) were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling and completed structured interviews. Benzodiazepine use was assessed via a self-report questionnaire that included measures related to nonmedical benzodiazepine and opioid use.
    Results: Participants reported using benzodiazepines nonmedically for a wide variety of reasons, including: to increase the high of other drugs; to lessen withdrawal symptoms; and to come down from other drugs. Benzodiazepines were described as readily available and cheap. There was a high prevalence (93%) of nonmedical benzodiazepine use among nonmedical opioid users, with 57% reporting regular nonmedical use. In bivariate analyses, drug-related risk behaviours such as polysubstance use, drug binging, heroin injection and overdose were strongly associated with regular nonmedical benzodiazepine use. In multivariate analysis, growing up in a middle-income household (earning between $51,000 and $100,000 annually), lifetime overdose experience, having ever used cocaine regularly, having ever been prescribed benzodiazepines, recent drug binging, and encouraging fellow drug users to use benzodiazepines to cope with opioid withdrawal were consistently strong predictors of regular nonmedical benzodiazepine use.
    Conclusion: Nonmedical benzodiazepine use may be common among nonmedical opioid users due to its drug-related multi-functionality. Harm reduction messages should account for the multiple functions benzodiazepines serve in a drug-using context, and encourage drug users to tailor their endorsement of benzodiazepines to peers to include safer alternatives.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; New York City/epidemiology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/complications ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Prescription Drug Misuse/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Risk ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.016
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  9. Book ; Online: Quantum computing for data analysis in high energy physics

    Delgado, Andrea / Hamilton, Kathleen E. / Date, Prasanna / Vlimant, Jean-Roch / Magano, Duarte / Omar, Yasser / Bargassa, Pedrame / Francis, Anthony / Gianelle, Alessio / Sestini, Lorenzo / Lucchesi, Donatella / Zuliani, Davide / Nicotra, Davide / de Vries, Jacco / Dibenedetto, Dominica / Martinez, Miriam Lucio / Rodrigues, Eduardo / Sierra, Carlos Vazquez / Vallecorsa, Sofia /
    Thaler, Jesse / Bravo-Prieto, Carlos / Chang, su Yeon / Lazar, Jeffrey / Argüelles, Carlos A. / de Lejarza, Jorge J. Martinez

    2022  

    Abstract: Some of the biggest achievements of the modern era of particle physics, such as the discovery of the Higgs boson, have been made possible by the tremendous effort in building and operating large-scale experiments like the Large Hadron Collider or the ... ...

    Abstract Some of the biggest achievements of the modern era of particle physics, such as the discovery of the Higgs boson, have been made possible by the tremendous effort in building and operating large-scale experiments like the Large Hadron Collider or the Tevatron. In these facilities, the ultimate theory to describe matter at the most fundamental level is constantly probed and verified. These experiments often produce large amounts of data that require storing, processing, and analysis techniques that often push the limits of traditional information processing schemes. Thus, the High-Energy Physics (HEP) field has benefited from advancements in information processing and the development of algorithms and tools for large datasets. More recently, quantum computing applications have been investigated in an effort to understand how the community can benefit from the advantages of quantum information science. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art applications of quantum computing to data analysis in HEP, discuss the challenges and opportunities in integrating these novel analysis techniques into a day-to-day analysis workflow, and whether there is potential for a quantum advantage.

    Comment: 23 pages, initially submitted to Snowmass 2021
    Keywords Physics - Data Analysis ; Statistics and Probability ; High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Quantum Physics
    Subject code 306
    Publishing date 2022-03-15
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  10. Article ; Online: Rapid, needle-free delivery of lidocaine for reducing the pain of venipuncture among pediatric subjects.

    Migdal, Marek / Chudzynska-Pomianowska, Elzbieta / Vause, Elizabeth / Henry, Eugenia / Lazar, Jeffrey

    Pediatrics

    2005  Volume 115, Issue 4, Page(s) e393–8

    Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of an investigational, single-use, needle-free, drug system (ALGRX 3268) that delivers powdered lidocaine into the epidermis for the rapid production of local anesthesia ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of an investigational, single-use, needle-free, drug system (ALGRX 3268) that delivers powdered lidocaine into the epidermis for the rapid production of local anesthesia among pediatric subjects undergoing venipuncture.
    Methods: Children 3 to 18 years of age were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 treatments, ie, (1) placebo, (2) a system configured to deliver 0.25 mg of lidocaine, or (3) a system configured to deliver 0.5 mg of lidocaine, at the antecubital fossa 2 to 3 minutes before venipuncture. Three age groups were included, ie, 3 to 7 years, 8 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years. Two sets of pain rating scales were used, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised for the youngest age stratum and a visual analog scale for the oldest age stratum. Children in the middle age stratum used both scales.
    Results: One-hundred forty-four subjects completed the study. For all ages combined, there was a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in pain scores for subjects who received 0.5 mg of lidocaine, compared with placebo. The reduction in pain after 0.25 mg of lidocaine did not achieve statistical significance.
    Conclusions: Both active configurations were safe and well tolerated by pediatric subjects undergoing venipuncture at the antecubital fossa. ALGRX 3268 at 0.5 mg, administered 2 to 3 minutes before venipuncture, produced significantly lower pain scores, compared with placebo.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Erythema/chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Lidocaine/administration & dosage ; Lidocaine/adverse effects ; Male ; Pain/etiology ; Pain/prevention & control ; Pain Measurement ; Phlebotomy/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anesthetics, Local ; Lidocaine (98PI200987)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-0656
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