Article: Effect of Tillage and Rainfall on Transport of Manure-Applied Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts Through Soil
Journal of environmental quality. 2009 Nov., v. 38, no. 6
2009
Abstract: Most waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been attributed to agricultural sources due to the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in animal wastes and manure spreading on farmlands. No-till, an effective conservation practice, often ... ...
| Abstract | Most waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been attributed to agricultural sources due to the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in animal wastes and manure spreading on farmlands. No-till, an effective conservation practice, often results in soil having higher water infiltration and percolation rates than conventional tillage. We treated six undisturbed no-till and six tilled soil blocks (30 by 30 by 30 cm) with 1 L liquid dairy manure containing 105 C. parvum oocysts per milliliter to test the effect of tillage and rainfall on oocyst transport. The blocks were subjected to rainfall treatments consisting of 5 mm or 30 mm in 30 min. Leachate was collected from the base of the blocks in 35-mL increments using a 64-cell grid lysimeter. Even before any rain was applied, approximately 300 mL of water from the liquid manure (30% of that applied) was transported through the no-till soil, but none through the tilled blocks. After rain was applied, a greater number and percentage of first leachate samples from the no-till soil blocks compared to the tilled blocks tested positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. In contrast to leachate, greater numbers of oocysts were recovered from the tilled soil, itself, than from the no-till soil. Although tillage was the most important factor affecting oocyst transport, rainfall timing and intensity were also important. To minimize transport of Cryptosporidium in no-till fields, manure should be applied at least 48 h before heavy rainfall is anticipated or methods of disrupting the direct linkage of surface soil to drains, via macropores, need to be used. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cryptosporidium parvum/isolation & purification ; Manure/microbiology ; Oocysts ; Rain ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Water |
| Keywords | agricultural soils ; animal pathogens ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; dairy manure ; drainage systems ; infiltration (hydrology) ; land application ; leachates ; leaching ; liquid manure ; no-tillage ; rain intensity ; rainfall simulation ; soil conservation ; soil depth ; soil pore system ; soil transport processes ; tillage ; waterborne diseases |
| Language | English |
| Dates of publication | 2009-11 |
| Size | p. 2394-2401. |
| Publishing place | American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society |
| Document type | Article |
| Note | epub |
| ZDB-ID | 120525-0 |
| ISSN | 1537-2537 ; 0047-2425 |
| ISSN (online) | 1537-2537 |
| ISSN | 0047-2425 |
| DOI | 10.2134/jeq2008.0432 |
| Database | NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA) |
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