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  1. Article: Give in favor of developing countries all the time, not just when disaster strikes.

    Leasher, Janet L

    Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)

    2005  Volume 76, Issue 10, Page(s) 559–561

    MeSH term(s) Altruism ; Developing Countries ; Disasters/economics ; Gift Giving ; Humans ; Optometry/economics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2005304-6
    ISSN 1558-1527 ; 1529-1839 ; 0003-0244
    ISSN (online) 1558-1527
    ISSN 1529-1839 ; 0003-0244
    DOI 10.1016/j.optm.2005.08.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Prevalence of refractive error and spectacle coverage in schoolchildren in two urban areas of Chile.

    Barria, Fernando / Conte, Francisco / Muñoz, Sergio / Leasher, Janet L / Silva, Juan Carlos

    Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health

    2018  Volume 42, Page(s) e61

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the impact of efforts to reduce visual impairment by detecting and treating refractive errors (REs) among schoolchildren in two urban areas of Chile.: Methods: In 2013, in the communities of Concepción and La Florida, we ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the impact of efforts to reduce visual impairment by detecting and treating refractive errors (REs) among schoolchildren in two urban areas of Chile.
    Methods: In 2013, in the communities of Concepción and La Florida, we conducted a multicenter, multistage-sampling, cross-sectional study employing methods used by the Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC) survey. Best-corrected visual acuity was assessed using pinhole, with and without glasses. The coverage for correcting visual impairment due to refractive error was estimated.
    Results: We examined 5 412 schoolchildren, in the communities of Concepción (n = 3 049) and La Florida (n = 2 363). Uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of > 0.63 in at least one eye was found in 4 721 children (87.23%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 86.58%-88.30%). Of the remaining children, 1 017 of them (18.79%; 95% CI: 17.78%-19.80%) had a VA of < 0.5 in at least one eye. Of the 691 children with uncorrected visual impairment with both eyes open (12.77%; 95% CI: 11.9%-13.64%), 476 of them (8.76%; 95% CI: 8.03%-9.49%) achieved normal vision using best possible correction, and with 271 of the 476 (56.93%) having a normal presenting VA in the better eye.
    Conclusions: We found an increased coverage of services for RE-associated visual impairment and an increased percentage of children wearing glasses as compared to values reported for La Florida in an article published in 2000. The National Board of School Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) in Chile is achieving better results in its schoolchildren eye care program.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1376934-0
    ISSN 1680-5348 ; 1020-4989
    ISSN (online) 1680-5348
    ISSN 1020-4989
    DOI 10.26633/RPSP.2018.61
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Article ; Online: Prevalence of refractive error and spectacle coverage in schoolchildren in two urban areas of Chile ; Prevalencia de los errores refractivos y cobertura del uso de lentes en escolares de dos zonas urbanas de Chile ; Prevalência de erros de refração e cobertura de óculos em escolares em duas áreas urbanas do Chile

    Barria, Fernando / Conte, Francisco / Muñoz, Sergio / Leasher, Janet L. / Silva, Juan Carlos

    2018  

    Abstract: ABSTRACT]. Objective. To assess the impact of efforts to reduce visual impairment by detecting and treating refractive errors (REs) among schoolchildren in two urban areas of Chile. Methods. In 2013, in the communities of Concepción and La Florida, we ... ...

    Abstract [ABSTRACT]. Objective. To assess the impact of efforts to reduce visual impairment by detecting and treating refractive errors (REs) among schoolchildren in two urban areas of Chile. Methods. In 2013, in the communities of Concepción and La Florida, we conducted a multicenter, multistage-sampling, cross-sectional study employing methods used by the Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC) survey. Best-corrected visual acuity was assessed using pinhole, with and without glasses. The coverage for correcting visual impairment due to refractive error was estimated. Results. We examined 5 412 schoolchildren, in the communities of Concepción (n = 3 049) and La Florida (n = 2 363). Uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of > 0.63 in at least one eye was found in 4 721 children (87.23%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 86.58%–88.30%). Of the remaining children, 1 017 of them (18.79%; 95% CI: 17.78%–19.80%) had a VA of < 0.5 in at least one eye. Of the 691 children with uncorrected visual impairment with both eyes open (12.77%; 95% CI: 11.9%–13.64%), 476 of them (8.76%; 95% CI: 8.03%–9.49%) achieved normal vision using best possible correction, and with 271 of the 476 (56.93%) having a normal presenting VA in the better eye. Conclusions. We found an increased coverage of services for RE-associated visual impairment and an increased percentage of children wearing glasses as compared to values reported for La Florida in an article published in 2000. The National Board of School Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) in Chile is achieving better results in its schoolchildren eye care program.

    [RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Evaluar la repercusión de las medidas para reducir la deficiencia visual mediante la detección y el tratamiento de los errores refractivos en escolares de dos zonas urbanas de Chile. Métodos. En el 2013, en las comunas de Concepción y La Florida, realizamos un estudio transversal multicéntrico, con muestreo en varias etapas, con los métodos del estudio de error refractivo en niños conocido como RESC por su sigla en inglés. La agudeza visual mejor corregida se evaluó con un agujero estenopeico, con y sin lentes. Se calculó la cobertura de la corrección de las deficiencias visuales secundarias a errores de refracción. Resultados. Examinamos a 5 412 escolares en las comunidades de Concepción (n = 3 049) y La Florida (n = 2 363). Se encontró una agudeza visual sin corrección >0,63 cuando menos en un ojo en 4 721 niños (87,23%; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC]: 86,58%–88,30%). De los niños restantes, 1 017 (18,79%; IC de 95%: 17,78%–19,80%) tenían una agudeza visual <0,5 cuando menos en un ojo. De los 691 niños con deficiencia visual sin corrección con ambos ojos abiertos (12,77%; IC de 95%: 11,9%–13,64%), 476 niños lograron la visión normal con la mejor corrección posible (8,76%; IC de 95%: 8,03%–9,49%); 271 de estos 476 (56,93%) tenían agudeza visual normal en el ojo mejor al inicio. Conclusiones. Encontramos una mayor cobertura de los servicios para la deficiencia visual secundaria a errores refractivos y un mayor porcentaje de niños que usaban lentes en comparación con los valores notificados para La Florida en un artículo publicado en el 2000. La Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB) de Chile está logrando mejores resultados en su programa de atención oftalmológica para los escolares.

    [RESUMO]. Objetivo. Avaliar o impacto dos esforços para reduzir a baixa visão ao detectar e tratar erros de refração em escolares em duas áreas urbanas do Chile. Métodos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal multicêntrico com amostragem em múltiplos estágios, com a aplicação da metodologia do Estudo de erros de refração em crianças (RESC), nas comunidades de Concepción e La Florida em 2013. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida foi avaliada com fenda estenopeica, com e sem óculos. Foi estimada a cobertura para corrigir a visão por erros de refração. Resultados. Foram examinados 5.412 escolares nas comunidades de Concepción (n = 3.049) e La Florida (n = 2.363). Acuidade visual (AV) não corrigida >0,63 em pelo menos um olho foi observada em 4.721 crianças (87,23%; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 86,58%–88,30%). Do restante, 1.017 crianças (18,79%; IC de 95%: 17,78%–19,80%) apresentaram AV <0,5 em pelo menos um olho. Das 691 crianças com baixa visão não corrigida medida com ambos os olhos abertos (12,77%; IC de 95%: 11,9%–13,64%), 476 (8,76%; IC de 95%: 8,03%–9,49%) atingiram visão normal com a melhor correção visual possível e, destas, 271 (56,93%) tiveram AV normal no melhor olho. Conclusões. Foi observado um aumento da cobertura dos serviços para baixa visão associada a erros de refração e um aumento na porcentagem de crianças usando óculos quando comparado aos dados informados na comunidade La Florida em artigo publicado em 2000. A comissão nacional chilena de auxílio escolar e bolsas de estudos (JUNAEB) está conseguindo obter resultados melhores com o programa de atenção à saúde ocular de escolares.
    Keywords Refractive Errors ; Students ; Vision Screening ; Eyeglasses ; Patient Compliance ; Chile ; Errores de Refracción ; Estudiantes ; Selección Visual ; Anteojos ; Cooperación del Paciente ; Erros de Refração ; Estudantes ; Seleção Visual ; Óculos ; Cooperação do Paciente
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-02T14:06:46Z
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections.

    Leasher, Janet L / Braithwaite, Tasanee / Furtado, João M / Flaxman, Seth R / Lansingh, Van Charles / Silva, Juan Carlos / Resnikoff, Serge / Taylor, Hugh R / Bourne, Rupert R A

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2018  Volume 103, Issue 7, Page(s) 885–893

    Abstract: Objective: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment for distance and near in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in 2015 and to forecast trends to 2020.: Methods: A meta-analysis from a global systematic review of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment for distance and near in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in 2015 and to forecast trends to 2020.
    Methods: A meta-analysis from a global systematic review of 283 cross-sectional, population-representative studies from published and unpublished sources from 1980 to 2014 in the Global Vision Database included 17 published and 6 unpublished studies from LAC.
    Results: In 2015, across LAC, age-standardised prevalence was 0.38% in all ages and 1.56% in those over age 50 for blindness; 2.06% in all ages and 7.86% in those over age 50 for moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI); 1.89% in all ages and 6.93% in those over age 50 for mild vision impairment and 39.59% in all ages and 45.27% in those over 50 for near vision impairment (NVI). In 2015, 117.86 million persons were vision impaired; of those 2.34 million blind, 12.46 million with MSVI, 11.34 million mildly impaired and 91.72 million had NVI. Cataract is the most common cause of blindness. Undercorrected refractive-error is the most common cause of vision impairment.
    Conclusions: These prevalence estimates indicate that one in five persons across LAC had some degree of vision loss in 2015. We predict that from 2015 to 2020, the absolute numbers of persons with vision loss will increase by 12% to 132.33 million, while the all-age age-standardised prevalence will decrease for blindness by 15% and for other distance vision impairment by 8%. All countries need epidemiologic research to establish accurate national estimates and trends. Universal eye health services must be included in universal health coverage reforms to address disparities, fragmentation and segmentation of healthcare.
    MeSH term(s) Blindness/epidemiology ; Blindness/etiology ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Humans ; Latin America/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Vision Disorders/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311746
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Global Estimates on the Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-analysis From 1990 to 2010.

    Leasher, Janet L / Bourne, Rupert R A / Flaxman, Seth R / Jonas, Jost B / Keeffe, Jill / Naidoo, Kovin / Pesudovs, Konrad / Price, Holly / White, Richard A / Wong, Tien Y / Resnikoff, Serge / Taylor, Hugh R

    Diabetes care

    2016  Volume 39, Issue 9, Page(s) 1643–1649

    Abstract: Objective: To estimate global and regional trends from 1990 to 2010 of the prevalence and number of persons visually impaired specifically by diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a complication of the precipitous trends in global diabetes, is fundamental for ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To estimate global and regional trends from 1990 to 2010 of the prevalence and number of persons visually impaired specifically by diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a complication of the precipitous trends in global diabetes, is fundamental for health planning purposes.
    Research design and methods: The meta-analysis of published population studies from 1990 to 2012 for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD) yielded estimated global regional trends in DR among other causes of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60).
    Results: Globally in 2010, out of overall 32.4 million blind and 191 million visually impaired people, 0.8 million were blind and 3.7 million were visually impaired because of DR, with an alarming increase of 27% and 64%, respectively, spanning the two decades from 1990 to 2010. DR accounted for 2.6% of all blindness in 2010 and 1.9% of all MSVI worldwide, increasing from 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively, in 1990. These figures were lower in regions with younger populations (<2% in East and Southeast Asia and Oceania) than in high-income regions (North America, Western Europe, and Australasia) with relatively aging populations (>4%).
    Conclusions: The number of persons with visual impairment due to DR worldwide is rising and represents an increasing proportion of all blindness/MSVI causes. Age-standardized prevalence of DR-related blindness/MSVI was higher in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. One out of 39 blind people had blindness due to DR, and 1 out of 52 visually impaired people had visual impairment due to DR.
    MeSH term(s) Africa/epidemiology ; Asia/epidemiology ; Australasia/epidemiology ; Blindness/epidemiology ; Blindness/etiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Global Burden of Disease ; Global Health ; Humans ; North America/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Vision Disorders/etiology ; Visual Acuity ; Visually Impaired Persons/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dc15-2171
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Erratum. Global Estimates on the Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-analysis From 1990-2010. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1643-1649.

    Leasher, Janet L / Bourne, Rupert R A / Flaxman, Seth R / Jonas, Jost B / Keeffe, Jill / Naidoo, Novin / Pesudovs, Konrad / Price, Holly / White, Richard A / Wong, Tien Y / Resnikoff, Serge / Taylor, Hugh R

    Diabetes care

    2016  Volume 39, Issue 11, Page(s) 2096

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dc16-er11
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status.

    Rius, Anna / Guisasola, Laura / Sabidó, Meritxell / Leasher, Janet L / Moriña, David / Villalobos, Astrid / Lansingh, Van C / Mujica, Oscar J / Rivera-Handal, José Eduardo / Silva, Juan Casrlos

    Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health

    2014  Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 290–299

    Abstract: Objective: To examine the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and related eye diseases and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To examine the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and related eye diseases and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, stratified by sex.
    Methods: Based upon the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology, this nationwide sample comprised 3 800 participants (3 399 examined) ≥ 50 years old from 76 randomly selected clusters of 50 persons each. The prevalence of blindness, visual impairment and related eye diseases and conditions, including uncorrected refractive error (URE), was calculated for categories of education level and occupational status. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and stratified by sex.
    Results: Age-adjusted prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.2-2.6) for blindness (men: 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5-3.1); women: 2.2% (95% CI: 1.9-2.5)) and 11.8% (95% CI: 11.6-12.0) for moderate visual impairment (men: 10.8% (95% CI: 10.5-11.1); women: 12.6% (95% CI: 12.4-12.8)). The proportion of visual impairment due to cataract was 43.8% in men and 33.5% in women. Inverse gradients of socioeconomic inequalities were observed in the prevalence of visual impairment. For example, the age-adjusted OR (AOR) was 3.4 (95% CI: 2.0-6.4) for visual impairment and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-10.4) for related URE in illiterate women compared to those with secondary education, and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1) in cataract in unemployed men.
    Conclusions: Blindness and visual impairment prevalence is high in the El Salvador adult population. The main associated conditions are cataract and URE, two treatable conditions. As socioeconomic and gender inequalities in ocular health may herald discrimination and important barriers to accessing affordable, good-quality, and timely health care services, prioritization of public eye health care and disability policies should be put in place, particularly among women, the unemployed, and uneducated people.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blindness/epidemiology ; Educational Status ; El Salvador/epidemiology ; Eye Diseases/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Health Surveys ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1376934-0
    ISSN 1680-5348 ; 1020-4989
    ISSN (online) 1680-5348
    ISSN 1020-4989
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa: 1990-2010.

    Naidoo, Kovin / Gichuhi, Stephen / Basáñez, María-Gloria / Flaxman, Seth R / Jonas, Jost B / Keeffe, Jill / Leasher, Janet L / Pesudovs, Konrad / Price, Holly / Smith, Jennifer L / Turner, Hugo C / White, Richard A / Wong, Tien Y / Resnikoff, Serge / Taylor, Hugh R / Bourne, Rupert R A

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2014  Volume 98, Issue 5, Page(s) 612–618

    Abstract: Aim: To estimate the magnitude, temporal trends and subregional variation in the prevalence of blindness, and moderate/severe vision impairment (MSVI) in sub-Saharan Africa.: Methods: A systematic review was conducted of published and unpublished ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To estimate the magnitude, temporal trends and subregional variation in the prevalence of blindness, and moderate/severe vision impairment (MSVI) in sub-Saharan Africa.
    Methods: A systematic review was conducted of published and unpublished population-based surveys as part of the Global Burden of Disease, Risk Factors and Injuries Study 2010. The prevalence of blindness and vision impairment by country and subregion was estimated.
    Results: In sub-Saharan Africa, 52 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The estimated age-standardised prevalence of blindness decreased by 32% from 1.9% (95% CI 1.5% to 2.2%) in 1990 to 1.3% (95% CI 1.1% to 1.5%) in 2010 and MSVI by 25% from 5.3% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.3%) to 4.0% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.3%) over that time. However, there was a 16% increase in the absolute numbers with blindness and a 28% increase in those with MSVI. The major causes of blindness in 2010 were; cataract 35%, other/unidentified causes 33.1%, refractive error 13.2%, macular degeneration 6.3%, trachoma 5.2%, glaucoma 4.4% and diabetic retinopathy 2.8%. In 2010, age-standardised prevalence of MSVI in Africa was 3.8% (95% CI 3.1% to 4.7%) for men and 4.2% (95% CI 3.6% to 5.3%) for women with subregional variations from 4.1% (95% CI 3.3% to 5.4%) in West Africa to 2.0% (95% CI 1.5% to 3.3%) in southern Africa for men; and 4.7% (95% CI 3.9% to 6.0%) in West Africa to 2.3% (95% CI 1.7% to 3.8%) in southern Africa for women.
    Conclusions: The age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI decreased substantially from 1990 to 2010, although there was a moderate increase in the absolute numbers with blindness or MSVI. Significant subregional and gender disparities exist.
    MeSH term(s) Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; African Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Blindness/ethnology ; Blindness/etiology ; Eye Diseases/complications ; Eye Diseases/ethnology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1990-2010.

    Leasher, Janet L / Lansingh, Van / Flaxman, Seth R / Jonas, Jost B / Keeffe, Jill / Naidoo, Kovin / Pesudovs, Konrad / Price, Holly / Silva, Juan Carlos / White, Richard A / Wong, Tien Y / Resnikoff, Serge / Taylor, Hugh R / Bourne, Rupert R A

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2014  Volume 98, Issue 5, Page(s) 619–628

    Abstract: Objective: To present regional estimates of the magnitude and temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate/severe visual impairment (MSVI) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).: Methods: A systematic review of cross- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To present regional estimates of the magnitude and temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate/severe visual impairment (MSVI) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).
    Methods: A systematic review of cross-sectional population-representative data from published literature and unpublished studies was accessed and extracted to model the estimated prevalence of vision loss by region, country and globally, and the attributable cause fraction by region.
    Results: In the LAC combined region, estimated all-age both-gender age-standardised prevalence of blindness halved from 0.8% (0.6 to 1.1) in 1990 to 0.4% (0.4 to 0.6) in 2010 and MSVI decreased from 4.3% (3.1 to 5.3) to 2.7% (2.2 to 3.4). In the Caribbean, estimated all-age both-gender age-standardised prevalence of blindness decreased from 0.6% (0.4 to 0.8) in 1990 to 0.5% (0.4 to 0.6) in 2010 and MSVI decreased from 3.3% (1.3 to 4.1) in 1990 to 2.9% (1.8 to 3.8). In the LAC regions combined, there was an estimated 2.3 million blind and 14.1 million with MSVI in 2010. In 2010, cataract continues to contribute the largest proportion of blindness, except in Southern Latin America where macular degeneration is most common. In 2010, uncorrected refractive error was the most common cause of MSVI.
    Conclusions: While models suggest a decrease in age-standardised prevalence estimates, better data are needed to evaluate the disparities in the region. The increasing numbers of older people, coupled with the increase in vision loss associated with older age, will require further intervention to continue to reduce prevalence rates and to prevent a rise in absolute numbers of blind.
    MeSH term(s) Blindness/epidemiology ; Blindness/etiology ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Eye Diseases/complications ; Eye Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Latin America/epidemiology ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book ; Article ; Online: Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador

    Rius, Anna / Guisasola, Laura / Sabidó, Meritxell / Leasher, Janet L. / Moriña, David / Villalobos, Astrid / Lansingh, Van C. / Mujica, Oscar J. / Rivera-Handal, José Eduardo / Silva, Juan Casrlos

    inequalities in educational level and occupational status

    2015  

    Keywords Eye Health ; Ophthalmology ; Health Inequalities ; Blindness ; Refractive Errors ; Cataract ; El Salvador ; Salud ocular ; Oftalmología ; Desigualdades en la Salud ; Ceguera ; Errores de Refracción ; Catarata
    Publishing date 2015-08-25T14:56:08Z
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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