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Article ; Online: Weight loss outcomes are generally worse for dogs and cats with class II obesity, defined as > 40% overweight.

Broome, H A O / Woods-Lee, G R T / Flanagan, J / Biourge, V / German, A J

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 22958

Abstract: In pet dogs and cats, adiposity is most-often estimated clinically using a 9-category body condition score (BCS), with BCS 9 equating to ~ 40% overweight. Animals that are more overweight (> 40%) are seen in clinical practice but are not appropriately ... ...

Abstract	In pet dogs and cats, adiposity is most-often estimated clinically using a 9-category body condition score (BCS), with BCS 9 equating to ~ 40% overweight. Animals that are more overweight (> 40%) are seen in clinical practice but are not appropriately depicted by descriptions in the existing categories. To determine whether being > 40% overweight has clinical relevance, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of weight management in animals that were > 40% overweight with those < 40% overweight. Records of dogs and cats attending a specialist obesity care clinic, where adiposity is determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), were reviewed. Animals were assigned to two classes (class I ≤ 40% overweight: 118/398 [40%] dogs and 68/116 [59%] cats; class II, > 40% overweight: 180/398 [60%] dogs and 48/116 [41%] cats) based on DXA results, and weight loss outcomes were compared. Fewer class II dogs obesity completed weight management than class I dogs (P < 0.001), rate of weight loss was also slower (P = 0.012) and lean tissue loss greater (P < 0.001). Compared with class I, cats with class II obesity lost more weight (P = 0.048) albeit over a longer period (P = 0.043) leading to greater lean tissue loss (P = 0.004). Approximately half the pets presenting to a specialist clinic were have class II obesity (> 40% overweight), and some weight loss outcomes are worse for these animals.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Dogs ; Animals ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Overweight/veterinary ; Cat Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/veterinary ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-50197-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: RHS6 coordinately regulates the Th2 cytokine genes by recruiting GATA3, SATB1, and IRF4.

Hwang, S S / Jang, S W / Lee, K O / Kim, H S / Lee, G R

Allergy

2016 Volume 72, Issue 5, Page(s) 772–782

Abstract: Background: Asthma is a Th2 cell-driven inflammatory disease and a major public health concern. The cis-acting element Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 (RHS6) in the Th2 locus control region is essential for regulation of the Th2 cytokine genes; however, its ...

Abstract	Background: Asthma is a Th2 cell-driven inflammatory disease and a major public health concern. The cis-acting element Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 (RHS6) in the Th2 locus control region is essential for regulation of the Th2 cytokine genes; however, its role in allergic airway inflammation and underlying molecular mechanisms of the regulation by RHS6 are poorly understood. Objective: We sought to understand the role of RHS6 in the development of allergic airway inflammation and its molecular mechanism for Th2 cytokine expression. Methods: We used an ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation model with RHS6-deficient mice to examine the role of RHS6 in this process. To examine molecular mechanism of RHS6 for Th2 cytokine expression, we used DNA affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, intracellular cytokine staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation. Results: Deletion of RHS6 caused a dramatic resistance to allergic airway inflammation. RHS6 recruited transcription factors GATA3, SATB1, and IRF4, which play important roles in expression of all three Th2 cytokine genes. RHS6 deficiency caused inhibition of transcription factor-induced Th2 cytokine gene expression. Conclusion: RHS6 is a critical regulatory element for allergic airway inflammation and for coordinate regulation of Th2 cytokine genes by recruiting GATA3, SATB1, and IRF4.
MeSH term(s)	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Loci ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism ; Locus Control Region ; Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology ; Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/genetics ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/metabolism ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/pathology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Cytokines ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins ; Satb1 protein, mouse ; interferon regulatory factor-4 ; Rad50 protein, mouse (EC 3.6.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-23
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391933-x
ISSN	1398-9995 ; 0105-4538
ISSN (online)	1398-9995
ISSN	0105-4538
DOI	10.1111/all.13078
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Article ; Online: Success rates for functional MR imaging in children.

Rajagopal, A / Byars, A / Schapiro, M / Lee, G R / Holland, S K

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2014 Volume 35, Issue 12, Page(s) 2319–2325

Abstract: Background and purpose: Functional MR imaging is widely used for research in functional brain development in healthy children. However, obtaining high-quality brain imaging data from pediatric research participants requires cooperation that is ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Functional MR imaging is widely used for research in functional brain development in healthy children. However, obtaining high-quality brain imaging data from pediatric research participants requires cooperation that is challenging for young children. In this study, we examined success rates for fMRI in typically developing children in both longitudinal and cross-sectional research study designs to inform the recruitment needs of future pediatric brain imaging studies. Materials and methods: In the cross-sectional study, 459 healthy children (5-18 years of age, 215 girls) were recruited. A subset of 30 healthy children 5-7 years of age from the cross-sectional cohort were selected and scanned for 10 consecutive years in the longitudinal arm of the study. Following anatomic scans, each participant attempted 4 functional MR imaging tasks. Success rate was defined as the proportion of fMRI tasks completed. Differences in success rates across sexes and in cross-sectional-versus-longitudinal cohorts were evaluated by using the Fischer exact test. Results: In the cross-sectional study, 74% of the children completed all tasks. Success rates for individual tasks ranged from 34% to 67% for children 5-7 years of age and 76%-100% for those 8-18 years of age. In the longitudinal study, 89% of children completed all tasks in all 10 years. We established significance (P < .0001) between the cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts for both 0% and 100% task completion rates. There was no significance between sexes. Conclusions: When designing pediatric fMRI studies in children, the sample sizes indicated by power analysis should be scaled up according to age (ie, 33% for ages 8-18 years, 50% for ages 5-7 years).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Desensitization, Psychologic ; Female ; Humans ; Language Arts ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/psychology ; Male ; Task Performance and Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A4062
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Article: The liberation of aspartic acid during the acid hydrolysis of proteins.

BLACKBURN, S / LEE, G R

The Biochemical journal

2003 Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 227–231

MeSH term(s)	Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Proteins
Chemical Substances	Proteins ; Aspartic Acid (30KYC7MIAI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2969-5
ISSN	1470-8728 ; 0264-6021 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275
ISSN (online)	1470-8728
ISSN	0264-6021 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275
DOI	10.1042/bj0580227
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Article: The reaction of wool keratin with alkali.

BLACKBURN, S / LEE, G R

Biochimica et biophysica acta

2003 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 505–512

MeSH term(s)	Alkalies ; Animals ; Keratins ; Wool
Chemical Substances	Alkalies ; Keratins (68238-35-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-05-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/0006-3002(56)90474-7
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Article: The oldest old: residential differences

Lee, G.R

Aging in rural settings : life circumstances and distinctive features /

1998

Keywords	elderly ; demography ; United States
Language	English
Size	p. 227-243.
Publisher	Springer Pub. Co., c1998.
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Article
Note	Edited by R.T. Coward and J.A. Krout.
ISBN	0826197205 ; 9780826197207
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The anemia of chronic disease.

Lee, G R

Seminars in hematology

1983 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 61–80

Abstract: The anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is defined as a mild anemia associated with a chronic inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic illness and with a characteristic disturbance of iron metabolism. Many of the findings in ACD can be accounted for by release ...

Abstract	The anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is defined as a mild anemia associated with a chronic inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic illness and with a characteristic disturbance of iron metabolism. Many of the findings in ACD can be accounted for by release of a monokine called leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), endogenous pyrogen, or interleukin-1. This substance is released from "activated" monocytes. Bacterial endotoxins, certain lymphokines and phagocytic challenges are among the factors stimulating its biosynthesis. LEM induces fever, leukocytosis, biosynthesis. LEM induces fever, leukocytosis, and a variety of biochemical changes, including hypoferremia and alterations in plasma protein synthesis, collectively known as the "acute phase response." It is proposed that ACD results from the long-term elaboration of LEM and that release of this material is the common pathogenetic factor found in the illnesses that are associated with ACD. Some suggestions are made for testing the hypothesis. The hypoferremia associated with ACD is probably caused by defective release of iron from cells--particularly from macrophages, but also from hepatocytes and intestinal epithelium. Two possible mechanisms for this abnormality have been proposed: liberation of lactoferrin from neutrophilic leukocytes and induction of apoferritin synthesis. Neither mechanism has been established. Erythrokinetic studies in ACD have detected a modest reduction of erythrocyte survival without an adequate compensatory increase in the rate of red cell production. The reduced erythrocyte survival is probably related to an increase in phagocytic activity by activated macrophages. Impaired bone marrow response is partly related to the restricted iron supply, but there is substantial evidence for an additional defect in erythropoietin secretion. In some malignant diseases, there is evidence of an additional abnormality: impaired marrow response to a normal amount of erythropoietin. The nature of the erythropoietic defects and the relation of LEM to them remain to be established.
MeSH term(s)	Anemia/blood ; Anemia/etiology ; Anemia/immunology ; Anemia/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoferritins/biosynthesis ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Erythrocyte Aging ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Ferritins/biosynthesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/physiology ; Iron/blood ; Iron/metabolism ; Lactoferrin/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-1 ; Erythropoietin (11096-26-7) ; Ferritins (9007-73-2) ; Apoferritins (9013-31-4) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Lactoferrin (EC 3.4.21.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	1983-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	206923-4
ISSN	1532-8686 ; 0037-1963
ISSN (online)	1532-8686
ISSN	0037-1963
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Article: Social integration and fear of crime among older persons.

Lee, G R

Journal of gerontology

1983 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 745–750

Abstract: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that fear of crime is inversely proportional to social integration among elderly adults. Data were obtained by mailed questionnaire from a large sample (N = 2,832) of residents of Washington State aged 55 ... ...

Abstract	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that fear of crime is inversely proportional to social integration among elderly adults. Data were obtained by mailed questionnaire from a large sample (N = 2,832) of residents of Washington State aged 55 and over. The results indicate that the most important antecedents of fear of crime, among the variables included here, were indicators of previous direct or indirect victimization experience. Neighborhood integration for men, and voluntary association participation for women, were related negatively to fear of crime as expected. Other dimensions of social involvement, however, evinced little or no relationship to fear. The implications of these findings for the further development of explanatory theory are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Crime ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	1983-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80138-0
ISSN	0022-1422
ISSN	0022-1422
DOI	10.1093/geronj/38.6.745
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Article: Regulation of IL-4 gene expression by distal regulatory elements and GATA-3 at the chromatin level.

Lee, G R / Fields, P E / Flavell, R A

Immunity

2000 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 447–459

Abstract: Using a transgenic approach, we examined distal regulatory elements located in the IL-4 locus and the role of GATA-3 at these elements. The intergenic DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSS) showed strong enhancement, and the intronic enhancer (IE) and HS5/ ... ...

Abstract	Using a transgenic approach, we examined distal regulatory elements located in the IL-4 locus and the role of GATA-3 at these elements. The intergenic DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSS) showed strong enhancement, and the intronic enhancer (IE) and HS5/HS5a sites showed weaker enhancement of the IL-4 promoter. Elements in the 3' region of the IL-4 gene contributed to Th2 specificity. All individual enhancers were T cell activation dependent but not Th2 specific, with the exception of IE. However, when these distal elements were combined into a "minilocus," expression was strongly enhanced and Th2 specific. GATA-3 mediated strong enhancement of IL-4 promoter activity in Th1 cells when the promoter was embedded in the minilocus or linked to HSS and IE, demonstrating that GATA-3 acts through these elements to regulate IL-4 gene expression.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA, Intergenic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Interleukin-4/genetics ; Introns ; Luciferases/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
Chemical Substances	Chromatin ; DNA, Intergenic ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; Gata3 protein, mouse ; Trans-Activators ; Interleukin-4 (207137-56-2) ; Luciferases (EC 1.13.12.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1217235-2
ISSN	1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
ISSN (online)	1097-4180
ISSN	1074-7613
DOI	10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00125-x
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Zs.MG 69: Show issues

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Book: Rare birds in Britain

Evans, Lee G. R

1800 - 1990

1994

Author's details	L. G. R. Evans
Language	English
Size	IV, 533 S, Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
Publisher	LGRE
Publishing place	Little Chalfont u.a.
Document type	Book
ISBN	1898918007 ; 9781898918004
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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