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Article ; Online: Blockchain-Based Federated Learning System: A Survey on Design Choices.

Oktian, Yustus Eko / Lee, Sang-Gon

2023 Volume 23, Issue 12

Abstract: The vanilla federated learning is made for a trusted environment, while in contrast, its actual use cases require collaborations in an untrusted setting. For this reason, using blockchain as a trusted platform to run federated learning algorithms has ... ...

Abstract	The vanilla federated learning is made for a trusted environment, while in contrast, its actual use cases require collaborations in an untrusted setting. For this reason, using blockchain as a trusted platform to run federated learning algorithms has gained traction lately and has become a significant research interest. This paper performs a literature survey on state-of-the-art blockchain-based federated learning systems and analyzes several design patterns researchers often take to solve existing issues through blockchain. We find about 31 design item variations throughout the whole system. Each design is further analyzed to find pros and cons, considering fundamental metrics such as robustness, efficiency, privacy, and fairness. The result shows a linear relationship between fairness and robustness in which, if we focus on improving fairness, it will indirectly become more robust. Furthermore, improving all those metrics altogether is not viable because of the efficiency trade-off. Finally, we classify the surveyed papers to spot which designs are popular among researchers and determine which areas require immediate improvements. Our investigation shows that future blockchain-based federated learning systems require more effort regarding model compression, asynchronous aggregation, system efficiency evaluation, and the application for cross-device settings.
MeSH term(s)	Blockchain ; Algorithms ; Benchmarking ; Data Compression ; Privacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23125658
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of Adding Apolipoprotein B Testing on the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Korean Adult Population.

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Metabolites

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Traditional lipid parameters-including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C (calculated as TC minus HDL-C)-have long been used as indicators ... ...

Abstract	Traditional lipid parameters-including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C (calculated as TC minus HDL-C)-have long been used as indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The laboratory records of 9604 Korean adults who underwent traditional lipid panel tests (TC, TG, and HDL), as well as ApoB testing, were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and high CVD risk (utilizing the NCEP ATP III criteria for traditional lipid panels and various ApoB test cutoffs recommended by international guidelines (145 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 100 mg/dL)). The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia, as determined by traditional lipid panel criteria, was 27.4%. Utilizing the ApoB cutoffs of 145 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 100 mg/dL resulted in prevalence figures of 5.3%, 11.0%, and 36.3%, respectively. The concordance in dyslipidemia classification between traditional lipid tests and ApoB at cutoffs of 145 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 100 mg/dL was 78.4%, 81.3%, and 74.7%, respectively. Up to 17.5% of participants, based on an ApoB cutoff of ≥100 mg/dL, exhibited isolated high ApoB in the absence of traditional lipid test anomalies. Incorporating ApoB testing could enhance the identification of Koreans at high CVD risk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo14030169
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Comparative Analysis of Seven Equations for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Their Impact on Chronic Kidney Disease Categorization in Korean Patients at Local Clinics and Hospitals.

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Journal of clinical medicine

2024 Volume 13, Issue 7

Abstract: 1) Background: ...

Abstract	(1) Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm13071945
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Development and Validation of Multiple Equations for Low-Density Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein B in Korean Patients Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals.

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12

Abstract: We investigated the utilization of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and developed and validated a translational equation for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Korean population ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the utilization of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and developed and validated a translational equation for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Korean population visiting local clinics and hospitals. Among a total of 469,520 data sets of the lipid profile panel (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols), 142,932 lipid test sets with data on LDL-C and/or ApoB were used for statistical analysis. Using linear regression analysis, we created ApoB percentile value-derived LDL-C equations in a creating set and validated them with previously reported equations (a total of 11 equations) in comparison to directly measured LDL-C using two independent validating sets. Among all lipid test sets, the simultaneously measured ApoB test only accounted for 2.0%, indicating its underutilization in Korea. The ApoB-derived equations, which were derived in this study and previous studies, showed an overall agreement of ≥94.3% for NCEP ATP III criteria. However, the accuracy of the equations varied among data sets of populations. Future studies are needed to validate translational equations for ApoB and LDL-C in different populations to clarify the clinical implications of these equations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Apolipoproteins B ; Risk Factors ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Triglycerides ; Hospitals ; Republic of Korea ; Apolipoprotein B-100
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, LDL ; Apolipoproteins B ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Triglycerides ; Apolipoprotein B-100
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15122786
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Distributed Data Integrity Verification Scheme in Multi-Cloud Environment.

Witanto, Elizabeth Nathania / Stanley, Brian / Lee, Sang-Gon

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 3

Abstract: Most existing data integrity auditing protocols in cloud storage rely on proof of probabilistic data possession. Consequently, the sampling rate of data integrity verification is low to prevent expensive costs to the auditor. However, in the case of a ... ...

Abstract	Most existing data integrity auditing protocols in cloud storage rely on proof of probabilistic data possession. Consequently, the sampling rate of data integrity verification is low to prevent expensive costs to the auditor. However, in the case of a multi-cloud environment, the amount of stored data will be huge. As a result, a higher sampling rate is needed. It will also have an increased cost for the auditor as a consequence. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed data integrity verification protocol in multi-cloud environments that enables data verification using multi-verifiers. The proposed scheme aims to increase the sampling rate of data verification without increasing the costs significantly. The performance analysis shows that this protocol achieved a lower time consumption required for verification tasks using multi-verifiers than a single verifier. Furthermore, utilizing multi-verifiers also decreases each verifier's computation and communication costs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23031623
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Exploring Utilization and Establishing Reference Intervals for the Apolipoprotein B Test in the Korean Population.

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 20

Abstract: We investigated the reference intervals for Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, in Korean adults who had undergone health check-ups and showed normal lipid levels under traditional lipid tests, including total ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the reference intervals for Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, in Korean adults who had undergone health check-ups and showed normal lipid levels under traditional lipid tests, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, along with ApoB. We compared the findings with different cutoffs for ApoB from international clinical guidelines. Among a total of 264,105 traditional lipid test sets, only 464 (0.2%) included ApoB tests, indicating underutilization of this test in health check-up clinics in Korea. From these 464 samples, 334 ApoB results (164 men and 170 women) with normal traditional lipid test results were used to establish reference intervals. Using the parametric method (mean ± 2 SD), the reference intervals ranged from 46 to 134 mg/dL for men and 49 to 129 mg/dL for women. Employing the non-parametric method (central 95th percentile value), the reference intervals ranged from 50 to 131 mg/dL for men and 51 to 127 mg/dL for women. The prevalence of high ApoB did not significantly differ by sex when considering the established reference intervals for each sex and the cutoffs recommended by international clinical guidelines. This study enhances knowledge on ApoB reference intervals in the Korean population, and it will in aid test result interpretation for clinicians and laboratories.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics13203194
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Correction: Witanto et al. Distributed Data Integrity Verification Scheme in Multi-Cloud Environment.

Witanto, Elizabeth Nathania / Stanley, Brian / Lee, Sang-Gon

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 12

Abstract: The authors make the following corrections to the published paper [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	The authors make the following corrections to the published paper [...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23125566
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Understanding the Utilization of the Krebs von den Lungen 6 Test in a Clinical Laboratory.

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Clinical laboratory

2023 Volume 69, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: We aimed to investigate Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) assay results in a clinical laboratory to better understand patient population and test utilization.: Methods: We investigated serum KL-6 test results in Korean adults by the type of ... ...

Abstract	Background: We aimed to investigate Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) assay results in a clinical laboratory to better understand patient population and test utilization. Methods: We investigated serum KL-6 test results in Korean adults by the type of medical institution visited between October 2019 and December 2021. Results: Overall, 7,677 KL-6 tests were performed in 5,527 Korean adults (3,627 men and 1,900 women) with a median age of 68.3 years (interquartile range 59.6 - 75.8). The median KL-6 level in 507 patients who visited health promotion centers was lower than the other 5,020 patients who visited other types of medical institutions (196 U/mL vs. 588.0 U/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). Increased KL-6 levels (≥ 500 U/mL) were observed in 0.8% of patients who visited health promotion centers and in 57.1% of patients who visited other types of medical institutions. Conclusions: This study will help to understand patient populations and test utilization for KL-6 in clinical laboratories in Korea.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Biomarkers ; Laboratories, Clinical ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Mucin-1 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Mucin-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1307629-2
ISSN	1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
ISSN	1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
DOI	10.7754/Clin.Lab.2022.220509
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Utilization of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Testing in Korean Patients Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Nutrients. 2022 Aug. 08, v. 14, no. 15

2022

Abstract: Small dense low-density cholesterol (sdLDL) has been the focus of studies due to its potential as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the utilization of sdLDL testing by LDL particle size ... ...

Abstract	Small dense low-density cholesterol (sdLDL) has been the focus of studies due to its potential as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the utilization of sdLDL testing by LDL particle size analysis and the prevalence of an sdLDL predominant phenotype in Korean adult patients by visiting local clinics and hospitals. Among 9222 Korean adults (4577 men and 4645 women) with a median age of 62.8 years (interquartile range, IQR 54.5 to 71.8 years) undergoing lipid profile testing using LDL particle size analysis, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL), hypo HDL cholesterolemia (<40 mg/dL), and hyper LDL cholesterolemia (≥160 mg/dL) was 7.8%, 12.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of the sdLDL predominant non-A phenotype of LDL was 46.8% of study subjects. Approximately 32.8% of the study subjects possessed lipid test results that did not exhibit increased risk except for sdLDL (only the sdLDL predominant non-A phenotype as a risk factor). In Korea, sdLDL testing was utilized in patients whose LDL cholesterol level was not increased. Future studies to clarify the clinical significance of this test in the Korean population are needed.
Keywords	adults ; hypercholesterolemia ; lipid composition ; low density lipoprotein cholesterol ; particle size ; phenotype ; risk factors ; Korean Peninsula
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0808
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14153246
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Lipoprotein(a) in the Korean Pediatric Population Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals

Choi, Rihwa / Lee, Sang Gon / Lee, Eun Hee

Nutrients. 2022 July 08, v. 14, no. 14

2022

Abstract: In this paper we investigate serum lipoprotein(a), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the Korean pediatric population. Visiting local clinics and hospitals, 600 lipoprotein(a) tests were performed on 416 Korean children and ... ...

Abstract	In this paper we investigate serum lipoprotein(a), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the Korean pediatric population. Visiting local clinics and hospitals, 600 lipoprotein(a) tests were performed on 416 Korean children and adolescents (124 boys and 292 girls), with a median age of 11.1 years (interquartile range, IQR, 9.8–13.9). The median lipoprotein(a) level was 21.5 nmol/L (IQR, 8.2–51.7). Among the 416 patients, the 90th percentile value of the initial lipoprotein(a) measurement was 107.8 nmol/L. The proportion of patients with lipoprotein(a) ≥ 100 nmol/L was 11.3%. The lipoprotein(a) level and the proportion of patients with lipoprotein(a) ≥ 100 nmol/L were not significantly different among sex, or age group. Among the 416 patients, 122 (29.3%, 21 boys and 101 girls) underwent at least two follow-up lipoprotein(a) measurements. The median follow-up period was 6.7 months (IQR, 5.5–11.8). The median lipoprotein(a) level across the 122 patients was 25 nmol/L (IQR 10.0–72.0). Among those patients, seven (5.7%) experienced an increase in serum lipoprotein(a) to ≥100 nmol/L during follow-up measurements. Further studies are needed in the Korean pediatric population in order to clarify the clinical significance of this change long-term.
Keywords	blood serum ; cardiovascular diseases ; lipoproteins ; risk factors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0708
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14142820
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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