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Article: Different effect of obesity and metabolic syndrome on prostate cancer by age group.

Lee, Gukjin / Han, Kyungdo / Lee, Seong-Su

2022 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 3198–3207

Abstract: Substantial evidence supports that metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the incidence of several cancers, with different effects according to age group. We hypothesized that MetS has an age-specific effect on the occurrence of prostate cancer. We studied a ... ...

Abstract	Substantial evidence supports that metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the incidence of several cancers, with different effects according to age group. We hypothesized that MetS has an age-specific effect on the occurrence of prostate cancer. We studied a National Health Insurance Service health checkup cohort. A total of 5,370,614 men in the cohort were categorized into three age groups in 2009 (20-39, 40-64, ≥65). Prostate cancer incidence was estimated on a cumulative basis from 2009 to 2018. We tried to identify the correlation of MetS components and prostate cancer by age group using this large retrospective cohort. MetS components included the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, smoking, drinking, serum glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used for the incidence of prostate cancer according to the MetS component. In the young age (20-39) group, the MetS component was not related to prostate cancer. In the middle-aged (40-64) group, the presence of MetS, WC, HDL cholesterol, and hypertension was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of prostate cancer. In the old age (≥65) group, the presence of MetS, WC, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension were significant factors for the incidence of prostate cancer. This tendency was marked in BMI>30 in the old age group (odds ratio: 1.32;
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2589522-9
ISSN	2156-6976
ISSN	2156-6976
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Article ; Online: Sustained Low Income, Income Changes, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Lee, Hong Seok / Park, Jimin Clara / Chung, Inkwan / Liu, Junxiu / Lee, Seong-Su / Han, Kyungdo

Diabetes care

2022 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 92–100

Abstract: Objective: There is limited evidence on the association of sustained low-income status, income changes, and all-cause mortality risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).: Research design and methods: Using the Korean Health Insurance Service ... ...

Abstract	Objective: There is limited evidence on the association of sustained low-income status, income changes, and all-cause mortality risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Research design and methods: Using the Korean Health Insurance Service database, we studied 1,923,854 adults with T2D (aged ≥30 years) without cardiovascular disease and cancer, who were enrolled from 2009 through 2012 and followed to the end of 2020 (median 10.8 years of follow-up). We defined income levels based on the amount of health insurance premiums and categorized them into quartiles, the first being the low-income group, and assessed the income status annually in the preceding 5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the association of low-income status and income changes with mortality, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and diabetes duration and treatment. Results: Participants who consecutively had low income showed a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% CI 1.16-1.22), compared with those who had never been in the low-income group. This association was much stronger for consecutive recipients of Medical Aid, reflecting very-low-income status (HR 2.26; 95% CI 2.16-2.36), compared with those who had never been Medical Aid beneficiaries. Sustained low- and very-low-income status was associated with increased risk of mortality, specifically for younger adults (aged <40 years) and males. Those who experienced declines in income between the first (preceding 5 years) and the last (baseline) time points had an increased risk of mortality, regardless of baseline income status. Conclusions: Among Korean adults with T2D, sustained low-income status and declines in income were associated with increased risk of mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Income ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Poverty ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	441231-x
ISSN	1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
ISSN	0149-5992
DOI	10.2337/dc21-2305
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Zs.A 1434: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Association of Sustained Low or High Income and Income Changes With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals Aged 30 to 64 Years.

Park, Jimin Clara / Nam, Ga Eun / Yu, Jinna / McWhorter, Ketrell L / Liu, Junxiu / Lee, Hong Seok / Lee, Seong-Su / Han, Kyungdo

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) e2330024

Abstract: Importance: Evidence of the association between income fluctuation and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce.: Objective: To investigate whether sustained low or high income and income changes are associated with incidence of T2D.: Design, ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Evidence of the association between income fluctuation and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce. Objective: To investigate whether sustained low or high income and income changes are associated with incidence of T2D. Design, setting, and participants: In this population-based cohort study, more than 7.8 million adults without T2D aged 30 to 64 years from a nationally representative sample from the Korean Health Insurance Service database were enrolled in 2012 and followed up to 2019 (median follow-up, 6.3 years [IQR, 6.1-6.6 years]). Exposures: Twenty quantiles of monthly health insurance premiums determined income levels. Income quartiles were annually analyzed from 2008 to 2012. Beneficiaries of the Medical Aid Program were regarded as those with very low income. A decrease in income was indicated as a reduction of 25% or more in income compared with income in the previous year. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was incident T2D based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes E11 to E14, 1 or more claims of antidiabetic medication, or a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of low- or high-income status and income changes with incidence of T2D. Results: Of 7 821 227 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.4 [9.3] years; 54.9% men), 359 931 (4.6%) developed T2D at least 1 year after enrollment. Individuals who repeatedly experienced low and very low income for 5 years showed 22% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22 [95% CI, 1.21-1.23]) and 57% (1.57 [95% CI, 1.53-1.62]) higher T2D risk compared with those who never experienced low and very low income, respectively. In contrast, individuals who were repeatedly in high-income quartiles showed lower T2D risk compared with those who never experienced high income (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.85-0.86]). The number of income decreases was associated with elevated T2D risk (≥2 vs 0 income decreases: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06-1.11]; P < .001 for trend). When income quartile status was compared between 2008 and 2012, individuals who experienced an income increase had lowered T2D risk, while those who experienced an income decrease had elevated T2D risk in each income quartile group. Conclusions and relevance: This cohort study found that individuals who experienced sustained low-income status or an income decrease had elevated T2D risk, while those who had sustained high-income status or an income increase had lowered T2D risk.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Income ; Poverty ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30024
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Article ; Online: Alcohol-induced increase in BMP levels promotes fatty liver disease in male prediabetic stage Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.

Hong, Oak-Kee / Kim, Eun Sook / Son, Jang-Won / Kim, Sung-Rae / Yoo, Soon Jib / Kwon, Hyuk-Sang / Lee, Seong-Su

Journal of cellular biochemistry

2023 Volume 124, Issue 3, Page(s) 459–472

Abstract: Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver abnormalities in animal models, but whether it increases the severity of liver disease in early diabetic or prediabetic rats is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver ... ...

Abstract	Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver abnormalities in animal models, but whether it increases the severity of liver disease in early diabetic or prediabetic rats is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver steatosis or hepatitis, we used a prediabetic animal model. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats were pair-fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. Compared with controls, OLETF and LETO rats displayed more pronounced liver steatosis and higher plasma levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SPGT), indicating liver injury. Ethanol-fed LETO (Pd-L-E) rats showed mild liver steatosis and no inflammation compared with ethanol-fed OLETF (Pd-O-E) rats. Although precursor and active SREBP-1 levels in the liver of ethanol-fed OLETF rats significantly increased compared with control diet-fed OLETF rats (Pd-O-C), those of Pd-L-E rats did not. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β1 balance in Pd-O-E rats was significantly altered because BMP signaling was upregulated by inducing BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, BMP9, Smad1, and Smad4, whereas TGF-β1, Smad3, and Erk were downregulated. Activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling inhibited BMP2 and BMP9 expression and increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker levels (Hepcidin, Snail, and Twist) in the liver of LETO rats. Livers of ethanol-fed OLETF rats showed increased levels of vimentin, FSP-1, α-SMA, MMP1, MMP13, and collagen III compared with rats of other groups, whereas EMT marker levels did not change. Thus, BMP exerted anti- and/or pro-fibrotic effects in ethanol-fed rats. Therefore, BMP and TGF-β, two key members of the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in liver steatosis in young LETO and OLETF rats.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Rats ; Animals ; Rats, Inbred OLETF ; Prediabetic State/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Ethanol/toxicity ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Disease Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	392402-6
ISSN	1097-4644 ; 0730-2312
ISSN (online)	1097-4644
ISSN	0730-2312
DOI	10.1002/jcb.30385
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Article ; Online: Association between low bone mineral density and hearing impairment in postmenopausal women: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Lee, Seong-Su / Han, Kyung-do / Joo, Young-Hoon

BMJ open

2018 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e018763

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and hearing impairment using a nationally demonstrative sample of Korean female adults.: Study design: Cross-sectional study of a national health survey.: Methods: Data ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and hearing impairment using a nationally demonstrative sample of Korean female adults. Study design: Cross-sectional study of a national health survey. Methods: Data from the 2009-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) with 19 491 participants were analysed, and 8773 of these participants were enrolled in this study. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Auditory functioning was evaluated by pure-tone audiometric testing according to established KNHANES protocols. We deliberated auditory impairment as pure-tone averages at frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kHz at a threshold of ≥40 decibels hearing level in the auricle with better hearing status. Results: Among women aged 19 years and older, prevalences of bilateral hearing impairment in premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 0.1%±0.1% and 11.5%±1.1% (mean±SE), respectively. Hearing impairment was meaningfully associated with low BMD in postmenopausal women. Logistic regression models indicated that lower BMDs of the total femur (OR=0.779; 95% CI 0.641 to 0.946, P=0.0118) and femur neck (OR=0.746; 95% CI 0.576 to 0.966, P=0.0265) were significantly associated with hearing impairment among postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Postmenopausal Korean women with low BMD of the total femur and femoral neck showed an increased risk for developing hearing impairment. Further epidemiological and investigational studies are needed to elucidate this association.
MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Aged ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Bone Density ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Femur/diagnostic imaging ; Femur Neck/diagnostic imaging ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology ; Postmenopause ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sex Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018763
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Article ; Online: Reply-Letter to the Editor - Metabolic healthy overweight/obese individuals: Not just a restricted group.

Park, Yong-Moon Mark / Choi, Moon Kyung / Lee, Seong-Su

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2018 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 483

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	604812-2
ISSN	1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
ISSN (online)	1532-1983
ISSN	0261-5614
DOI	10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.005
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Article ; Online: Prediction of Visual Outcomes After Diabetic Vitrectomy Using Clinical Factors From Common Data Warehouse.

Lee, Seong-Su / Chang, Dong Jin / Kwon, Jin Woo / Min, Ji Won / Jo, Kwanhoon / Yoo, Young-Sik / Lyu, Byul / Baek, Jiwon

Translational vision science & technology

2022 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 25

Abstract: Purpose: We sought to analyze the visual outcome and systemic prognostic factors for diabetic vitrectomy and predicted outcomes using these factors.: Methods: This was a multicenter electronic medical records (EMRs) review study of 1504 eyes with ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: We sought to analyze the visual outcome and systemic prognostic factors for diabetic vitrectomy and predicted outcomes using these factors. Methods: This was a multicenter electronic medical records (EMRs) review study of 1504 eyes with type 2 diabetes that underwent vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy at 6 university hospitals. Demographics, laboratory results, intra-operative findings, and visual acuity (VA) values were analyzed and correlated with visual outcomes at 1 year after the vitrectomy. Prediction models for visual outcomes were obtained using machine learning. Results: At 1 year, VA was 1.0 logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR) or greater (poor visual outcome group) in 456 eyes (30%). Baseline visual acuity, duration of diabetes treatment, tractional membrane, silicone oil tamponade, smoking, and vitreous hemorrhage correlated with logMAR VA at 1 year (r = 0.450, -0.159, 0.221, 0.280, 0.067, and -0.105; all P ≤ 0.036). An ensemble decision tree model trained using all variables generated accuracy, specificity, F1 score (the harmonic means of which precision and sensitivity), and receiver-operating characteristic curve area under curve values of 0.77, 0.66, 0.85, and 0.84 for the prediction of poor visual outcomes at 1 year after vitrectomy. Conclusions: Visual outcome after diabetic vitrectomy is associated with pre- and intra-operative findings and systemic factors. Poor visual outcome after diabetic vitrectomy was predictable using clinical factors. Intensive care in patients who are predicted to result in poor vision may limit vision loss resulting from type 2 diabetes. Translational relevance: This study demonstrates that a real world EMR big data could predict outcome after diabetic vitrectomy using clinical factors.
MeSH term(s)	Data Warehousing ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrectomy/methods ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2674602-5
ISSN	2164-2591 ; 2164-2591
ISSN (online)	2164-2591
ISSN	2164-2591
DOI	10.1167/tvst.11.8.25
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Article ; Online: Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Park, Yong-Moon Mark / Baek, Jong-Ha / Lee, Hong Seok / Elfassy, Tali / Brown, Clare C / Schootman, Mario / Narcisse, Marie-Rachelle / Ko, Seung-Hyun / McElfish, Pearl A / Thomsen, Michael R / Amick, Benjamin C / Lee, Seong-Su / Han, Kyungdo

European heart journal

2024

Abstract: Background and aims: Longitudinal change in income is crucial in explaining cardiovascular health inequalities. However, there is limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with income dynamics over time among individuals with ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Longitudinal change in income is crucial in explaining cardiovascular health inequalities. However, there is limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with income dynamics over time among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Using a nationally representative sample from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 1 528 108 adults aged 30-64 with T2D and no history of CVD were included from 2009 to 2012 (mean follow-up of 7.3 years). Using monthly health insurance premium information, income levels were assessed annually for the baseline year and the four preceding years. Income variability was defined as the intraindividual standard deviation of the percent change in income over 5 years. The primary outcome was a composite event of incident fatal and nonfatal CVD (myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke) using insurance claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: High-income variability was associated with increased CVD risk (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile 1.25, 95% CI 1.22-1.27; Ptrend < .001). Individuals who experienced an income decline (4 years ago vs. baseline) had increased CVD risk, which was particularly notable when the income decreased to the lowest level (i.e. Medical Aid beneficiaries), regardless of their initial income status. Sustained low income (i.e. lowest income quartile) over 5 years was associated with increased CVD risk (HRn = 5 years vs. n = 0 years 1.38, 95% CI 1.35-1.41; Ptrend < .0001), whereas sustained high income (i.e. highest income quartile) was associated with decreased CVD risk (HRn = 5 years vs. n = 0 years 0.71, 95% CI 0.70-0.72; Ptrend < .0001). Sensitivity analyses, exploring potential mediators, such as lifestyle-related factors and obesity, supported the main results. Conclusions: Higher income variability, income declines, and sustained low income were associated with increased CVD risk. Our findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms by which income dynamics impact CVD risk among individuals with T2D.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603098-1
ISSN	1522-9645 ; 0195-668X
ISSN (online)	1522-9645
ISSN	0195-668X
DOI	10.1093/eurheartj/ehae132
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Article ; Online: (with research data) Association of perceived tinnitus with duration of hormone replacement therapy in Korean postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.

Lee, Seong-Su / Han, Kyung-do / Joo, Young-Hoon

BMJ open

2017 Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) e013736

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tinnitus in South Korea using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) (2010-2012).: Study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tinnitus in South Korea using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) (2010-2012). Study design: Cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide health survey. Methods: KNHANES is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of South Korea population. Only postmenopausal women aged 19-65 years were included in the study (n=2736). Auditory function was evaluated using pure-tone audiometric testing according to established KNHANES protocols. Subjects were questioned about their experience with tinnitus. Exogenous hormone-related factors included the starting age and duration of HRT. Results: The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 22.2% among postmenopausal women. (1) Tinnitus severity was significantly higher in women using HRT (p=0.0024) and (2) significantly lower in women who breast fed their children (p=0.0386). (3) According to logistic regression models, the longer duration of HRT was significantly associated with increasing tinnitus (OR=1.323, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.737, p=0.0441). Conclusion: A longer duration of HRT was associated with developing tinnitus in Korean postmenopausal women. Further experimental and epidemiological researches are needed to elucidate the causal relationship between HRT and tinnitus.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Postmenopause ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Tinnitus/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013736
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Article ; Online: Association between the number of natural teeth and diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Korea national health and nutrition examination survey.

Song, Su Jeong / Han, Kyungdo / Lee, Seong-Su / Park, Jun-Beom

Medicine

2018 Volume 96, Issue 47, Page(s) e8694

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of teeth and diabetic retinopathy among Korean population.This was a retrospective analysis using data of total 45,811 individuals who participated in the Korea National Health ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of teeth and diabetic retinopathy among Korean population.This was a retrospective analysis using data of total 45,811 individuals who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008 to 2012. Among these, 2593 (5.7%) participants were identified as having type 2 diabetes mellitus. After excluding participants without ophthalmic evaluation or other variables, 2078 (80%) participants were included. Demographic factors including dental status were analyzed and compared between participants with and without diabetic retinopathy.Among the 2078 type 2 diabetes, 358 (17.2%) had diabetic retinopathy. Type 2 diabetes with fewer teeth were more likely to have diabetic retinopathy (P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that type 2 diabetes with < 20 teeth had an 8.7-fold risk of having vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy when compared with type 2 diabetes with ≥28 teeth (95% confidence interval: 2.69-28.3) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus duration, and glycated hemoglobin level.The number of teeth was found to be an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Thus, a comprehensive approach of dentists and ophthalmologists is needed to minimize the complications of diabetes mellitus. Whether the teeth number reflects microvascular changes of the retina among type 2 diabetes warrants further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Body Weights and Measures ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tooth Loss/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000008694
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