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Article ; Online: Seeing the whole elephant: integrated advanced data analytics in support of RWE for the development and use of innovative pharmaceuticals.

Lee, Won Chan

Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–62

Abstract: Introduction: The 21: Areas covered: While conventional statistical methods still play a significant role in supporting the drug lifecycle, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are assuming a more prominent role in the analysis of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The 21 Areas covered: While conventional statistical methods still play a significant role in supporting the drug lifecycle, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are assuming a more prominent role in the analysis of this 'big data.' Moving forward, conventional statistics and AI/ML will work together to support descriptive, diagnostic, and even predictive analytics to further revolutionize drug discovery and development, regulatory approvals, and payer acceptance. In addition, counterfactual prescriptive analytics, such as causal inference analysis using real-world data (RWD) to generate insights that have cause-and-effect conclusions, will gain momentum as a methodology that can stand up against the rigor of regulatory review. Expert opinion: Our real-world evidence/health economics and outcomes research (RWE/HEOR) field has evolved in ways that require us to integrate all the methods and data into a single framework that guides a holistic analytic approach and decision-making.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Data Science ; Artificial Intelligence ; Big Data ; Machine Learning ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2208481-2
ISSN	1744-8379 ; 1473-7167
ISSN (online)	1744-8379
ISSN	1473-7167
DOI	10.1080/14737167.2023.2275674
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Article ; Online: A stable isotopic approach for quantifying aquaculture-derived organic matter deposition dynamics in the sediment of a coastal fish farm.

Go, Young-Shin / Kim, Chung-Sook / Lee, Won Chan / Lee, Dong-Hun

Marine pollution bulletin

2023 Volume 192, Page(s) 115132

Abstract: The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions ( ... ...

Abstract	The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ
MeSH term(s)	Fisheries ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Aquaculture ; Carbon/analysis ; Geologic Sediments
Chemical Substances	Carbon Isotopes ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115132
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Article ; Online: A stable isotopic approach for quantifying aquaculture-derived organic matter deposition dynamics in the sediment of a coastal fish farm

Go, Young-Shin / Kim, Chung-Sook / Lee, Won-Chan / Lee, Dong-Hun

Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2023 July, v. 192 p.115132-

2023

Abstract: The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of sedimentary organic matter (OM) in fish farms (FFs) were investigated to quantify the aquaculture-derived OM deposition dynamics in the sediment. The dual isotopic compositions of ... ...

Abstract	The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of sedimentary organic matter (OM) in fish farms (FFs) were investigated to quantify the aquaculture-derived OM deposition dynamics in the sediment. The dual isotopic compositions of mixed OMs in surface sediments at FFs differed significantly (p < 0.05) from those at reference sites, indicating an increased deposition of fish feces or uneaten feed in the sediments. Furthermore, OM source apportionments revealed that the quantitative contribution of fish feces (23.3 mg g⁻¹ dw) during farming activities was significantly higher than that of other natural OM sources (C₃ plants and phytoplankton). After the disassembly of fish cages, the deposited fish feces may be preferentially degraded through processes that require a large amount of oxygen consumption (<0.1 kg C m⁻² yr⁻¹). Our isotopic approach may be helpful for assessing the impact of FF wastes and for taking measures to minimize environmental deterioration.
Keywords	carbon ; feces ; fish ; fish farms ; marine pollution ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; oxygen consumption ; phytoplankton ; sediments ; Fish cage farm ; Fish fecal ; Stable isotopes ; Bayesian mixing model
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115132
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Article ; Online: A cost-effectiveness analysis of intrauterine spacers used to prevent the formation of intrauterine adhesions following endometrial cavity surgery.

Schmerold, Luke / Martin, Coby / Mehta, Aashay / Sobti, Dhruv / Jaiswal, Ajit Kumar / Kumar, Jatinder / Feldberg, Ian / Munro, Malcolm G / Lee, Won Chan

Journal of medical economics

2024 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 170–183

Abstract: Aim: To assess, from a United States (US) payer's perspective, the cost-effectiveness of gels designed to separate the endometrial surfaces (intrauterine spacers) placed following intrauterine surgery.: Materials and methods: A decision tree model ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To assess, from a United States (US) payer's perspective, the cost-effectiveness of gels designed to separate the endometrial surfaces (intrauterine spacers) placed following intrauterine surgery. Materials and methods: A decision tree model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of intrauterine spacers used to facilitate endometrial repair and prevent the formation (primary prevention) and reformation (secondary prevention) of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) and associated pregnancy- and birth-related adverse outcomes. Event rates and costs were extrapolated from data available in the existing literature. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to corroborate the base case results. Results: In this model, using intrauterine spacers for adhesion prevention led to net cost savings for US payers of $2,905 per patient over a 3.5-year time horizon. These savings were driven by the direct benefit of preventing procedures associated with IUA formation ($2,162 net savings) and the indirect benefit of preventing pregnancy-related complications often associated with IUA formation ($3,002). These factors offset the incremental cost of intrauterine spacer use of $1,539 based on an assumed price of $1,800 and the related increase in normal deliveries of $931. Model outcomes were sensitive to the probability of preterm and normal deliveries. Budget impact analyses show overall cost savings of $19.96 per initial member within a US healthcare plan, translating to $20 million over a 5-year time horizon for a one-million-member plan. Limitations: There are no available data on the effects of intrauterine spacers or IUAs on patients' quality of life. Resultingly, the model could not evaluate patients' utility related to treatment with or without intrauterine spacers and instead focused on costs and events avoided. Conclusion: This analysis robustly demonstrated that intrauterine spacers would be cost-saving to healthcare payers, including both per-patient and per-plan member, through a reduction in IUAs and improvements to patients' pregnancy-related outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; United States ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Quality of Life ; Uterine Diseases/prevention & control ; Uterine Diseases/surgery ; Uterine Diseases/etiology ; Uterus/pathology ; Uterus/surgery ; Tissue Adhesions/etiology ; Tissue Adhesions/prevention & control ; Tissue Adhesions/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2270945-9
ISSN	1941-837X ; 1369-6998
ISSN (online)	1941-837X
ISSN	1369-6998
DOI	10.1080/13696998.2023.2298584
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Article ; Online: Extended Multivariate Generalizability Theory With Complex Design Structures.

Brennan, Robert L / Kim, Stella Y / Lee, Won-Chan

Educational and psychological measurement

2021 Volume 82, Issue 4, Page(s) 617–642

Abstract: This article extends multivariate generalizability theory (MGT) to tests with different random-effects designs for each level of a fixed facet. There are numerous situations in which the design of a test and the resulting data structure are not definable ...

Abstract	This article extends multivariate generalizability theory (MGT) to tests with different random-effects designs for each level of a fixed facet. There are numerous situations in which the design of a test and the resulting data structure are not definable by a single design. One example is mixed-format tests that are composed of multiple-choice and free-response items, with the latter involving variability attributable to both items and raters. In this case, two distinct designs are needed to fully characterize the design and capture potential sources of error associated with each item format. Another example involves tests containing both testlets and one or more stand-alone sets of items. Testlet effects need to be taken into account for the testlet-based items, but not the stand-alone sets of items. This article presents an extension of MGT that faithfully models such complex test designs, along with two real-data examples. Among other things, these examples illustrate that estimates of error variance, error-tolerance ratios, and reliability-like coefficients can be biased if there is a mismatch between the user-specified universe of generalization and the complex nature of the test.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1500101-5
ISSN	1552-3888 ; 0013-1644
ISSN (online)	1552-3888
ISSN	0013-1644
DOI	10.1177/00131644211049746
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Article ; Online: Spatial variability of water quality and sedimentary organic matter during winter season in coastal aquaculture zone of Korea.

Kim, Chung-Sook / Kim, Seung-Hee / Lee, Won Chan / Lee, Dong-Hun

Marine pollution bulletin

2022 Volume 182, Page(s) 113991

Abstract: We investigated the composition, source, and reactivity of sedimentary organic matter (OM) present in aquaculture systems along the Korean coast. A multi-isotopic approach was applied to 216 surface sediments from five sections: western (W)-1, W-2, ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the composition, source, and reactivity of sedimentary organic matter (OM) present in aquaculture systems along the Korean coast. A multi-isotopic approach was applied to 216 surface sediments from five sections: western (W)-1, W-2, southern (S)-1, S-2, and eastern (E)-1 sections. The
MeSH term(s)	Aquaculture ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Seasons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Quality
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113991
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Article ; Online: Significant contribution of coastal fish-farm activities to the inventory of trace elements in coastal waters: Traced by ammonia and rare earth elements.

Chen, Xiaoyu / Kwon, Hyeong Kyu / Kim, Tae-Hoon / Park, Sung-Eun / Lee, Won Chan / Kim, Guebuem

Marine pollution bulletin

2023 Volume 188, Page(s) 114612

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the influence of fish-farm activities on the inventory of trace elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) in the coastal waters off the fish-farm plants on Jeju Island, Korea. ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we investigated the influence of fish-farm activities on the inventory of trace elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) in the coastal waters off the fish-farm plants on Jeju Island, Korea. NH
MeSH term(s)	Trace Elements/analysis ; Ammonia ; Fisheries ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Metals, Rare Earth/analysis
Chemical Substances	Trace Elements ; Ammonia (7664-41-7) ; Metals, Rare Earth
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114612
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Article ; Online: Estuarine dam water discharge enhances summertime primary productivity near the southwestern Korean coast

Kim, Dongyoung / Ji, Rubao / Feng, Zhixuan / Jang, Jaebin / Lee, Dae-In / Lee, Won-Chan / Kang, Chang-Keun

Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2023, p.114971-

2023 , Page(s) 114971–

Abstract: The gate opening of estuarine dams discharge a large amount of freshwater into coastal zones during the summer monsoon in northeast Asia. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations in primary productivity (PP) and community structures of ... ...

Abstract	The gate opening of estuarine dams discharge a large amount of freshwater into coastal zones during the summer monsoon in northeast Asia. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations in primary productivity (PP) and community structures of phytoplankton on a downstream macrotidal flat and examined the dam discharge effects. Our harmonic analysis of the PP revealed a clear seasonality with a unimodal peak in summer, possibly driven by high ammonium loading through internal recycling. External nitrate supply from the dam-water discharge promoted PP during July-August, generating conspicuous blooms near the discharging site. Phytoplankton community was characterized by a predominance of diatoms all year round and seasonal dominances from dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, and prasinophytes in spring to chlorophytes in summer, reflecting spatiotemporal patterns in ammonium and nitrate supply. Our findings provide new insights into the summer phytoplankton bloom linked to monsoonal rainfall in the shallow coastal seas along the Northeast Asian coast.
Keywords	Miozoa ; algal blooms ; ammonium ; coasts ; estuaries ; freshwater ; marine pollution ; monsoon season ; nitrates ; phytoplankton ; primary productivity ; rain ; spring ; summer ; Asia ; Estuarine dam ; Freshwater discharge ; Summer monsoon ; Phytoplankton bloom ; Community structure
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114971
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Article: Quantification of groundwater versus fish-farm sources of nutrients in the coastal water off Jeju Island, Korea, using fluorescent dissolved organic matter as a tracer

Kwon, Hyeong Kyu / Kim, Guebuem / Kim, Tae-Hoon / Park, Sung-Eun / Lee, Won Chan

Journal of sea research. 2022 Oct., v. 188

2022

Abstract: The concentrations of nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal waters off Jeju Island, Korea, are known to be influenced mainly by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and fish-farm effluents, in addition to the background open-ocean ... ...

Abstract	The concentrations of nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal waters off Jeju Island, Korea, are known to be influenced mainly by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and fish-farm effluents, in addition to the background open-ocean seawater from the Tsushima Current. However, the differentiation of the effect of fish-farm effluents from SGD is very challenging since most of the farms in this island utilize groundwater as a rearing water. Thus, in this study, we measured the concentrations of nutrients and fluorescent DOM (FDOM) in seawater, fresh groundwater (FGW), and farm water in two coastal areas off Jeju Island, in May and August 2021, in order to determine the effect of SGD versus fish-farm effluents. The results showed that humic-like FDOM (FDOMH) and NH₄⁺ concentrations were greatly enriched owing to organic matter decomposition in the farm waters. We used FDOMH, as a tracer for the farm effluent. The end-member mixing model for FDOMH and salinity showed that FGW contributed about 73% of NO₃⁻ (avg. 17 ± 20 μM), whereas the farm effluent contributed about 95% of NH₄⁺ (avg. 5.6 ± 4.1 μM) and 71% of FDOMH (avg. 0.86 ± 0.49 R.U.) in the coastal waters. Thus, our result shows that fish-farm effluents can be an important source of anthropogenic DOM and nutrients in coastal waters, where farms are being operated intensively.
Keywords	coastal water ; dissolved organic matter ; fish farms ; fluorescence ; groundwater ; models ; research ; salinity ; seawater ; South Korea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1385-1101
DOI	10.1016/j.seares.2022.102270
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Spatial variability of water quality and sedimentary organic matter during winter season in coastal aquaculture zone of Korea

Kim, Chung-Sook / Kim, Seung-Hee / Lee, Won Chan / Lee, Dong-Hun

Marine pollution bulletin. 2022 Sept., v. 182

2022

Abstract	We investigated the composition, source, and reactivity of sedimentary organic matter (OM) present in aquaculture systems along the Korean coast. A multi-isotopic approach was applied to 216 surface sediments from five sections: western (W)-1, W-2, southern (S)-1, S-2, and eastern (E)-1 sections. The ¹⁵N-enriched total nitrogen signatures in the surface sediments of the W-1 section may indicate that a substantial fraction of sedimentary OM has anthropogenic origins exported through the Han River. Simultaneously, the deposition of allochthonous OM is predominant in the S sections (Jinhae and Masan Bays). The ³⁴S-depleted patterns at the S-2 section may indicate that sulfate reduction occurring at the sedimentary boundary contributes to active OM decomposition, depending on the increased sedimentation of the aquaculture-derived OM. Our results highlight that isotopic-based source tracking near aquaculture systems provide important information for identifying anthropogenic contamination in coastal marine sediments and for improving environmental management.
Keywords	coasts ; environmental management ; mariculture ; marine pollution ; organic matter ; rivers ; sulfates ; total nitrogen ; water quality ; winter ; Korean Peninsula
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113991
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