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Article ; Online: Editorial

Shaoda Liu / Taylor Maavara / Xiankun Yang / Lee E. Brown

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

Riverine Biogeochemistry Under Increasing Damming: Processes and Impacts

2022 Volume 10

Keywords	river ; dams ; reservoir ; biogeochemistry ; greenhouse gases ; carbon ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biological Invasions Affect Resource Processing in Aquatic Ecosystems

Benjamin Pile / Daniel Warren / Christopher Hassall / Lee E. Brown / Alison M. Dunn

Biology, Vol 12, Iss 830, p

The Invasive Amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus Impacts Detritus Processing through High Abundance Rather than Differential Response to Temperature

2023 Volume 830

Abstract: Anthropogenic stressors such as climate warming and invasive species and natural stressors such as parasites exert pressures that can interact to impact the function of ecosystems. This study investigated how these stressors interact to impact the vital ... ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic stressors such as climate warming and invasive species and natural stressors such as parasites exert pressures that can interact to impact the function of ecosystems. This study investigated how these stressors interact to impact the vital ecosystem process of shredding by keystone species in temperate freshwater ecosystems. We compared metabolic rates and rates of shredding at a range of temperatures up to extreme levels, from 5 °C to 30 °C, between invasive and native amphipods that were unparasitised or parasitised by a common acanthocephalan, Echinorhynchus truttae . Shredding results were compared using the relative impact potential (RIP) metric to investigate how they impacted the scale with a numerical response. Although per capita shredding was higher for the native amphipod at all temperatures, the higher abundance of the invader led to higher relative impact scores; hence, the replacement of the native by the invasive amphipod is predicted to drive an increase in shredding. This could be interpreted as a positive effect on the ecosystem function, leading to a faster accumulation of amphipod biomass and a greater rate of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) provisioning for the ecosystem. However, the high density of invaders compared with natives may lead to the exhaustion of the resource in sites with relatively low leaf detritus levels.
Keywords	invasive alien species ; temperature ; parasite ; shredding ; density ; impact ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age

Ethan Lee / Jonathan L. Carrivick / Duncan J. Quincey / Simon J. Cook / William H. M. James / Lee E. Brown

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Himalayan glaciers are undergoing rapid mass loss but rates of contemporary change lack long-term (centennial-scale) context. Here, we reconstruct the extent and surfaces of 14,798 Himalayan glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA), 400 to 700 ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Himalayan glaciers are undergoing rapid mass loss but rates of contemporary change lack long-term (centennial-scale) context. Here, we reconstruct the extent and surfaces of 14,798 Himalayan glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA), 400 to 700 years ago. We show that they have lost at least 40 % of their LIA area and between 390 and 586 km3 of ice; 0.92 to 1.38 mm Sea Level Equivalent. The long-term rate of ice mass loss since the LIA has been between − 0.011 and − 0.020 m w.e./year, which is an order of magnitude lower than contemporary rates reported in the literature. Rates of mass loss depend on monsoon influence and orographic effects, with the fastest losses measured in East Nepal and in Bhutan north of the main divide. Locally, rates of loss were enhanced with the presence of surface debris cover (by 2 times vs clean-ice) and/or a proglacial lake (by 2.5 times vs land-terminating). The ten-fold acceleration in ice loss we have observed across the Himalaya far exceeds any centennial-scale rates of change that have been recorded elsewhere in the world.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Declining glacier cover threatens the biodiversity of alpine river diatom assemblages

Fell, Sarah C / Jonathan L. Carrivick / Martyn G. Kelly / Leopold Füreder / Lee E. Brown

Global change biology. 2018 Dec., v. 24, no. 12

2018

Abstract: Climate change poses a considerable threat to the biodiversity of high altitude ecosystems worldwide, including cold‐water river systems that are responding rapidly to a shrinking cryosphere. Most recent research has demonstrated the severe vulnerability ...

Abstract	Climate change poses a considerable threat to the biodiversity of high altitude ecosystems worldwide, including cold‐water river systems that are responding rapidly to a shrinking cryosphere. Most recent research has demonstrated the severe vulnerability of river invertebrates to glacier retreat but effects upon other aquatic groups remain poorly quantified. Using new data sets from the European Alps, we show significant responses to declining glacier cover for diatoms, which play a critical functional role as freshwater primary producers. Specifically, diatom α‐diversity and density in rivers presently fed by glaciers will increase with future deglaciation, yet β‐diversity within and between sites will reduce because declining glacier influence will lower the spatiotemporal variability of glacier cover and its associated habitat heterogeneity. Changes in diatom assemblage composition as glacier cover declined were associated strongly with increasing riverbed stability and water temperature. At the species level, diatoms showed a gradation of responses; for example, Eunotia trinacria, found exclusively at river sites with high (≥52%) catchment glacier cover, may be affected negatively by ice loss. Conversely, seven taxa confined to sites with no glacier cover, including Gomphonema calcareum, stand to benefit. Nineteen (22%) taxa were noted as threatened, endangered, rare or decreasing on the Red List of Algae for Germany, with most at sites ≤26% glacier cover, meaning further ice loss may benefit these diatoms. However, six taxa found only in rivers ≥28% glacier cover may require reclassification of their Red List conservation status, as this habitat is threatened by deglaciation. Our identification of clear links between decreasing glacier cover and river diatom biodiversity suggests there could be significant reorganization of river ecosystems with deglaciation, for example, through alterations to primary production, biogeochemical cycles, and the shifting resource base of alpine freshwater food webs which lack significant allochthonous energy inputs.
Keywords	Eunotia ; Gomphonema ; algae ; altitude ; aquatic invertebrates ; biogeochemical cycles ; climate change ; conservation status ; data collection ; energy ; food webs ; freshwater ; glaciation ; glaciers ; habitats ; ice ; primary productivity ; rivers ; spatial variation ; species diversity ; stream channels ; taxonomic revisions ; temporal variation ; water temperature ; watersheds ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 5828-5840.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.14454
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Alternative Methods of Determining Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratios

Cassio V. Ruas / Ronei S. Pinto / G. Gregory Haff / Camila D. Lima / Matheus D. Pinto / Lee E. Brown

Sports Medicine - Open, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a Comprehensive Review

2019 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract The hamstrings-to-quadriceps muscle strength ratio calculated by peak torque has been used as an important tool to detect muscle imbalance, monitor knee joint stability, describe muscle strength properties and functionality, and for lower ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The hamstrings-to-quadriceps muscle strength ratio calculated by peak torque has been used as an important tool to detect muscle imbalance, monitor knee joint stability, describe muscle strength properties and functionality, and for lower extremity injury prevention and rehabilitation. However, this ratio does not consider other neuromuscular variables that can also influence the antagonist to agonist muscle relationship, such as torque produced at multiple angles of range of motion, explosive strength, muscle size, muscle fatigue, or muscle activation. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. These include ratios calculated by angle-specific torque, rate of torque development, muscle size, fatigue index, and muscle activation (measured by electromyography). Collectively, the literature demonstrates that utilizing alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio can be functionally relevant for a better understanding of the neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning the interaction of strength between hamstrings and quadriceps. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any of the alternative methods as sensitive clinical tools for predicting injury risk and monitoring knee joint integrity. Future longitudinal studies, along with injury incidence, are needed to further investigate all alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. These have potential to offer insight into how athletes and the general population should be trained for performance enhancement and injury reduction, and may be used along with traditional methods for a thorough assessment of an individual’s H:Q muscle balance.
Keywords	Alternative H:Q ratios ; Muscle imbalance ; Risk of injury ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Antagonistic effects of biological invasion and environmental warming on detritus processing in freshwater ecosystems

Kenna, Daniel / William N. W. Fincham / Alison M. Dunn / Lee E. Brown / Christopher Hassall

Oecologia. 2017 Mar., v. 183, no. 3

2017

Abstract: Global biodiversity is threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors but little is known about the combined effects of environmental warming and invasive species on ecosystem functioning. We quantified thermal preferences and then compared leaf-litter ... ...

Abstract	Global biodiversity is threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors but little is known about the combined effects of environmental warming and invasive species on ecosystem functioning. We quantified thermal preferences and then compared leaf-litter processing rates at eight different temperatures (5.0â22.5Â Â°C) by the invasive freshwater crustacean Dikerogammarus villosus and the Great Britain native Gammarus pulex at a range of body sizes. D. villosus preferred warmer temperatures but there was considerable overlap in the range of temperatures that the two species occupied during preference trials. When matched for size, G. pulex had a greater leaf shredding efficiency than D. villosus, suggesting that invasion and subsequent displacement of the native amphipod will result in reduced ecosystem functioning. However, D. villosus is an inherently larger species and interspecific variation in shredding was reduced when animals of a representative size range were compared. D. villosus shredding rates increased at a faster rate than G. pulex with increasing temperature suggesting that climate change may offset some of the reduction in function. D. villosus, but not G. pulex, showed evidence of an ability to select those temperatures at which its shredding rate was maximised, and the activation energy for shredding in D. villosus was more similar to predictions from metabolic theory. While per capita and mass-corrected shredding rates were lower in the invasive D. villosus than the native G. pulex, our study provides novel insights in to how the interactive effects of metabolic function, body size, behavioural thermoregulation, and density produce antagonistic effects between anthropogenic stressors.
Keywords	Dikerogammarus villosus ; Gammarus pulex ; activation energy ; anthropogenic stressors ; biochemical pathways ; body size ; climate change ; detritus ; ecological invasion ; freshwater crustaceans ; freshwater ecosystems ; interspecific variation ; invasive species ; leaves ; prediction ; shredding ; temperature ; thermoregulation ; Great Britain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 875-886.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-016-3796-x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Widespread, routine occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sewage effluent, combined sewer overflows and receiving waters

Kay, Paul / Alison E. Ashcroft / James R. Ault / Lee E. Brown / Stephen R. Hughes

Environmental pollution. 2017 Jan., v. 220

2017

Abstract: Research addressing the occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, primarily due to the development of improved chemical analysis methods. Significant research gaps still ... ...

Abstract	Research addressing the occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, primarily due to the development of improved chemical analysis methods. Significant research gaps still remain, however, including a lack of longer term, repeated monitoring of rivers, determination of temporal and spatial changes in pharmaceutical concentrations, and inputs from sources other than wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), such as combined sewer overflows (CSOs). In addressing these gaps it was found that the five pharmaceuticals studied were routinely (51â94% of the time) present in effluents and receiving waters at concentrations ranging from single ng to Î¼gÂ Lâ1. Mean concentrations were in the tens to hundreds ngÂ Lâ1 range and CSOs appear to be a significant source of pharmaceuticals to water courses in addition to WWTPs. Receiving water concentrations varied throughout the day although there were no pronounced peaks at particular times. Similarly, concentrations varied throughout the year although no consistent patterns were observed. No dissipation of the study compounds was found over a 5Â km length of river despite no other known inputs to the river. In conclusion, pharmaceuticals are routinely present in semi-rural and urban rivers and require management alongside more traditional pollutants.
Keywords	aquatic environment ; chemical analysis ; drugs ; monitoring ; rivers ; sewage effluent ; wastewater treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-01
Size	p. 1447-1455.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.087
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Acute Effects of Heavy Deadlifts on Vertical Jump Performance in Men

Jerry C. Arias / Jared W. Coburn / Lee E. Brown / Andrew J. Galpin

Sports, Vol 4, Iss 2, p

2016 Volume 22

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of deadlifts as a postactivation potentiation stimulus on vertical jump performance. Fifteen men (age, 23.9 ± 4.2 years; height, 176.3 ± 8.6 cm; mass, 76.1 ± 16.3 kg) participated in the study. ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of deadlifts as a postactivation potentiation stimulus on vertical jump performance. Fifteen men (age, 23.9 ± 4.2 years; height, 176.3 ± 8.6 cm; mass, 76.1 ± 16.3 kg) participated in the study. Participants visited the lab for three sessions, each separated by at least 48 h. One repetition maximum (1RM) in the deadlift was measured during the first visit. For Visit 2, participants performed one of two experimental sessions: a deadlift session or a control session. Participants performed a single maximal vertical jump (VJ; counter movement jump without an arm swing), then either performed five repetitions of the deadlift using 85% 1RM (deadlift session) or were told to stand still for ten seconds (control). Following either condition, participants performed single VJ at 15 s, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 min post condition. Peak VJ height and peak ground reaction forces (pGRF) were measured using a force plate. For Visit 3, whatever condition was not administered at Visit 2 was performed. The results showed that VJ height was significantly lower 15 s following deadlifting (36.9 ± 5.1 cm) compared to the control condition (40.1 ± 4.6 cm). In addition, VJ height 15 s after the deadlift was lower than VJ height measured at minutes 2–16 following the deadlift. Performance of five repetitions of deadlifting did not affect pGRF. These results suggest that performing five repetitions of the deadlift exercise at 85% 1RM does not induce a postactivation potentiation (PAP) effect, and may in fact cause an acute reduction in VJ performance.
Keywords	postactivation potentiation ; PAP ; power ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Recreation. Leisure ; GV1-1860 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G
Subject code	796 ; 150
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: River ecosystem resilience to extreme flood events

Alexander M. Milner / Jessica L. Picken / Megan J. Klaar / Anne L. Robertson / Leonie R. Clitherow / Lawrence Eagle / Lee E. Brown

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 8, Iss 16, Pp 8354-

2018 Volume 8363

Abstract: Abstract Floods have a major influence in structuring river ecosystems. Considering projected increases in high‐magnitude rainfall events with climate change, major flooding events are expected to increase in many regions of the world. However, there is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Floods have a major influence in structuring river ecosystems. Considering projected increases in high‐magnitude rainfall events with climate change, major flooding events are expected to increase in many regions of the world. However, there is uncertainty about the effect of different flooding regimes and the importance of flood timing in structuring riverine habitats and their associated biotic communities. In addition, our understanding of community response is hindered by a lack of long‐term datasets to evaluate river ecosystem resilience to flooding. Here we show that in a river ecosystem studied for 30 years, a major winter flood reset the invertebrate community to a community similar to one that existed 15 years earlier. The community had not recovered to the preflood state when recurrent summer flooding 9 years later reset the ecosystem back to an even earlier community. Total macroinvertebrate density was reduced in the winter flood by an order of magnitude more than the summer flood. Meiofaunal invertebrates were more resilient to the flooding than macroinvertebrates, possibly due to their smaller body size facilitating greater access to in‐stream refugia. Pacific pink salmon escapement was markedly affected by the winter flood when eggs were developing in redds, compared to summer flooding, which occurred before the majority of eggs were laid. Our findings inform a proposed conceptual model of three possible responses to flooding by the invertebrate community in terms of switching to different states and effects on resilience to future flooding events. In a changing climate, understanding these responses is important for river managers to mitigate the biological impacts of extreme flooding effects.
Keywords	climate change ; extreme floods ; macroinvertebrates ; meiofauna ; recovery ; resilience ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Prescribed burning, atmospheric pollution and grazing effects on peatland vegetation composition

Noble, Alice / Sheila M. Palmer / David J. Glaves / Alistair Crowle / Lee E. Brown / Joseph Holden

Journal of applied ecology. 2018 Mar., v. 55, no. 2

2018

Abstract: Peatlands are valued for ecosystem services including carbon storage, water provision and biodiversity. However, there are concerns about the impacts of land management and pollution on peatland vegetation and function. We investigated how prescribed ... ...

Abstract	Peatlands are valued for ecosystem services including carbon storage, water provision and biodiversity. However, there are concerns about the impacts of land management and pollution on peatland vegetation and function. We investigated how prescribed vegetation burning, atmospheric pollution and grazing are related to vegetation communities and cover of four key taxa (Sphagnum spp., Calluna vulgaris, Eriophorum vaginatum and Campylopus introflexus) using two datasets from a total of 2,013 plots across 95 peatland sites in the UK. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed differences in vegetation community composition between burned and unburned plots at regional and national scales. Analysis showed that burned sites had less Sphagnum and greater C. vulgaris cover on a national scale. On a regional scale, plots burned between 2 and 10 years ago had greater cover of invasive moss C. introflexus and less E. vaginatum than unburned sites. Livestock presence was associated with less Sphagnum and C. vulgaris, while atmospheric pollution was associated with less Sphagnum, but greater C. introflexus cover, and appeared to have more impact on burned sites. Synthesis and applications. Burning, grazing and atmospheric pollution are associated with peatland vegetation composition and cover of key species, including Sphagnum. We suggest that, to promote cover of peat‐forming species, peatlands should not be routinely burned or heavily grazed. Current or historical atmospheric pollution may hinder peat‐forming species, particularly on burned sites.
Keywords	Calluna vulgaris ; Campylopus introflexus ; Eriophorum vaginatum ; Sphagnum ; air pollution ; botanical composition ; carbon sequestration ; community structure ; data collection ; ecosystem services ; grazing effects ; grazing intensity ; livestock ; mosses and liverworts ; multidimensional scaling ; multivariate analysis ; peatlands ; plant communities ; prescribed burning ; vegetation ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 559-569.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410405-5
ISSN	1365-2664 ; 0021-8901
ISSN (online)	1365-2664
ISSN	0021-8901
DOI	10.1111/1365-2664.12994
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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