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  1. Article ; Online: Commentary on "What happens after the hospital? An analysis of longitudinal care needs in children treated for child physical abuse".

    Leeper, Christine M

    Journal of pediatric surgery

    2021  Volume 56, Issue 10, Page(s) 1701–1702

    Abstract: This is a commentary on the manuscript entitled "What Happens after the Hospital? An Analysis of Longitudinal Care Needs in Children Treated for Child Physical Abuse" by Brittany L. Johnson and colleagues. ...

    Abstract This is a commentary on the manuscript entitled "What Happens after the Hospital? An Analysis of Longitudinal Care Needs in Children Treated for Child Physical Abuse" by Brittany L. Johnson and colleagues.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/therapy ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Physical Abuse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80165-3
    ISSN 1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
    ISSN (online) 1531-5037
    ISSN 0022-3468
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.05.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Survey of policies at US hospitals on the selection of RhD type of low-titer O whole blood for use in trauma resuscitation.

    Clayton, Skye / Leeper, Christine M / Yazer, Mark H / Spinella, Philip C

    Transfusion

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) use is increasing due to data suggesting improved outcomes and safety. One barrier to use is low availability of RhD-negative LTOWB. This survey examined US hospital policies regarding the selection of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) use is increasing due to data suggesting improved outcomes and safety. One barrier to use is low availability of RhD-negative LTOWB. This survey examined US hospital policies regarding the selection of RhD type of blood products in bleeding emergencies.
    Study design and methods: A web-based survey of blood bank directors was conducted to determine their hospital's RhD-type selection policies for blood issued for massive bleeding.
    Results: There was a 61% response rate (101/157) and of those responses, 95 were complete. Respondents indicated that 40% (38/95) use only red blood cells (RBCs) and 60% (57/95) use LTOWB. For hospitals that issue LTOWB (N = 57), 67% are supplied only with RhD-positive, 2% only with RhD-negative, and 32% with both RhD-positive and RhD-negative LTOWB. At sites using LTOWB, RhD-negative LTOWB is used exclusively or preferentially more commonly in adult females of childbearing potential (FCP) (46%) and pediatric FCP (55%) than in men (4%) and boys (24%). RhD-positive LTOWB is used exclusively or preferentially more commonly in men (94%) and boys (54%) than in adult FCP (40%) or pediatric FCP (21%). At sites using LTOWB, it is not permitted for adult FCPs at 12%, pediatric FCP at 21.4%, and boys at 17.1%.
    Conclusion: Hospitals prefer issuing RhD-negative LTOWB for females although they are often ineligible to receive RhD-negative LTOWB due to supply constraints. The risk and benefits of LTOWB compared to the rare occurrence of hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn (HDFN) need further examination in the context of withholding a therapy for females that has the potential for improved outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17789
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Damage-control resuscitation in pediatric trauma: What you need to know.

    Russell, Robert T / Leeper, Christine M / Spinella, Philip C

    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery

    2023  Volume 95, Issue 4, Page(s) 472–480

    Abstract: Abstract: Damage-control resuscitation (DCR) consists of rapid control of bleeding, avoidance of hemodilution, acidosis, and hypothermia; early empiric balanced transfusions with red blood cells, plasma and platelets, or whole blood when available, and ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: Damage-control resuscitation (DCR) consists of rapid control of bleeding, avoidance of hemodilution, acidosis, and hypothermia; early empiric balanced transfusions with red blood cells, plasma and platelets, or whole blood when available, and the use of intravenous or mechanical hemostatic adjuncts when indicated. The principles used in pediatric and adult trauma patients are quite similar. There are very important recognized physiologic differences in children with traumatic hemorrhagic shock that warrant slight variations in DCR. In pediatric trauma patients, early physiologic signs of shock may be different from adults and the early recognition of this is critical to enable prompt resuscitation and utilization of damage control principles. This review details the current principles of pediatric DCR based on the best available literature, expert consensus recommendations, and also describes a practical guide for implementation of DCR strategies for pediatric trauma patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Hemorrhage ; Blood Transfusion ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/etiology ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/therapy ; Wounds and Injuries/complications ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651070-4
    ISSN 2163-0763 ; 2163-0755
    ISSN (online) 2163-0763
    ISSN 2163-0755
    DOI 10.1097/TA.0000000000004081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Another piece of the hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn puzzle after RhD-positive transfusion in trauma resuscitation: the proportion of pregnant women who produce high titer anti-D.

    Yazer, Mark H / Emery, Stephen P / Triulzi, Darrell J / Spinella, Philip / Leeper, Christine

    Trauma surgery & acute care open

    2024  Volume 9, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) e001252

    Abstract: Background: After the transfusion of RhD-positive red blood cell (RBC)-containing products to an RhD-negative woman of childbearing potential (WCP) during trauma resuscitation, there are several events that must occur for that WCP to have a future ... ...

    Abstract Background: After the transfusion of RhD-positive red blood cell (RBC)-containing products to an RhD-negative woman of childbearing potential (WCP) during trauma resuscitation, there are several events that must occur for that WCP to have a future pregnancy affected by hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study identified and quantitated the frequency of a novel event in the sequence from RhD-positive transfusion during trauma resuscitation to an HDFN outcome, that is, the development of a high titer anti-D among women who were D-alloimmunized.
    Methods: The transfusion service records at one maternity hospital were searched to locate all anti-D titers that had been performed on pregnant women between 1996 and 2022. The highest titer score during each pregnancy was recorded for this study. The critical titer threshold at this institution was ≥16. Passive anti-D caused by Rh immunoglobulin were excluded from analysis.
    Results: There were 97 pregnancies in 85 patients who had an immune-stimulated anti-D; in 60 of 97 (62%) pregnancies, the highest titer score was ≥16. There were 12 patients who had titers performed in two pregnancies during the study period; the correlation between the maximum titer in each pregnancy was not statistically significant (Spearman rank correlation r=0.42, p=0.17).
    Conclusion: In this single center study, 62% of D-alloimmunized pregnant women had a high titer antibody. When considering all of the events that must occur for HDFN to happen, the rate of perinatal mortality was calculated to be 0.04% and the rate of perinatal death or serious adverse event from HDFN was 0.24%.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2397-5776
    ISSN (online) 2397-5776
    DOI 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001252
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Use of whole blood in pediatric trauma: a narrative review.

    Abou Khalil, Elissa / Morgan, Katrina M / Gaines, Barbara A / Spinella, Philip C / Leeper, Christine M

    Trauma surgery & acute care open

    2024  Volume 9, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) e001127

    Abstract: Balanced hemostatic resuscitation has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with both pediatric and adult trauma. Cold-stored, low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) has been increasingly used as a primary resuscitation product in trauma in ... ...

    Abstract Balanced hemostatic resuscitation has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with both pediatric and adult trauma. Cold-stored, low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) has been increasingly used as a primary resuscitation product in trauma in recent years. Benefits of LTOWB include rapid, balanced resuscitation in one product, platelets stored at 4°C, fewer additives and fewer donor exposures. The major theoretical risk of LTOWB transfusion is hemolysis, however this has not been shown in the literature. LTOWB use in injured pediatric populations is increasing but is not yet widespread. Seven studies to date have described the use of LTOWB in pediatric trauma cohorts. Safety of LTOWB use in both group O and non-group O pediatric patients has been shown in several studies, as indicated by the absence of hemolysis and acute transfusion reactions, and comparable risk of organ failure. Reported benefits of LTOWB included faster resolution of shock and coagulopathy, lower volumes of transfused blood products, and an independent association with increased survival in massively transfused patients. Overall, pediatric data are limited by small sample sizes and mostly single center cohorts. Multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2397-5776
    ISSN (online) 2397-5776
    DOI 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001127
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Maternal and child life years gained by transfusing low titer group O whole blood in trauma: A computer simulation.

    Yazer, Mark H / Leeper, Christine / Spinella, Philip C / Emery, Stephen P / Horvath, Sarah / Seheult, Jansen N

    Transfusion

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Using low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasingly popular for resuscitating trauma patients. LTOWB is often RhD-positive, which might cause D-alloimmunization and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) if transfused to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Using low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasingly popular for resuscitating trauma patients. LTOWB is often RhD-positive, which might cause D-alloimmunization and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) if transfused to RhD-negative females of childbearing potential (FCP). This simulation determined the number of life years gained by the FCP and her future children if she was resuscitated with LTOWB compared with conventional component therapy (CCT).
    Methods: The model simulated 500,000 injured FCPs of each age between 0 and 49 years with LTOWB mortality relative reductions (MRRs) compared with components between 0.1% and 25%. For each surviving FCP, number of life years gained was calculated using her age at injury and average life expectancy for American women. The number of expected future pregnancies for FCPs that did not survive was also based on her age at injury; each future child was assigned the maximum lifespan unless they suffered perinatal mortality or serious neurological events from HDFN.
    Results: The LTOWB group with an MRR 25% compared with CCT had the largest total life years gained. The point of equivalence for RhD-positive LTOWB compared to CCT, where life years lost due to severe HDFN was equivalent to life years gained due to FCP survival/future childbearing, occurred at an MRR of approximately 0.1%.
    Conclusion: In this model, RhD-positive LTOWB resulted in substantial gains in maternal and child life years compared with CCT. A >0.1% relative mortality reduction from LTOWB offset the life years lost to HDFN mortality and severe neurological events.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17767
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Receipt of RhD-positive whole blood for life-threatening bleeding in female children: A survey in alloimmunized mothers regarding minimum acceptable survival benefit relative to risk of maternal alloimmunization to anti-D.

    Sherwood, Molly R / Clayton, Skye / Leeper, Christine M / Yazer, Mark / Moise, Kenneth J / Granger, Marion E / Spinella, Philip C

    Transfusion

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) for treatment of hemorrhagic shock sometimes necessitates transfusion of RhD-positive units due to short supply of RhD-negative LTOWB. Practitioners must choose between using RhD-positive LTOWB when RhD- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) for treatment of hemorrhagic shock sometimes necessitates transfusion of RhD-positive units due to short supply of RhD-negative LTOWB. Practitioners must choose between using RhD-positive LTOWB when RhD-negative is unavailable against the risk to a female of childbearing potential of becoming RhD-alloimmunized, risking hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in future children, or using component therapy with RhD-negative red cells. This survey asked females with a history of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization about their risk tolerance of RhD alloimmunization compared to the potential for improved survival following transfusion of RhD-positive blood for an injured RhD negative female child.
    Study design and methods: A survey was administered to RBC alloimmunized mothers. Respondents were eligible if they were living in the United States with at least one red cell antibody known to cause HDFN and if they had at least one RBC alloimmunized pregnancy.
    Results: Responses from 107 RBC alloimmmunized females were analyzed. There were 32/107 (30%) with a history of severe HDFN; 12/107 (11%) had a history of fetal or neonatal loss due to HDFN. The median (interquartile range) absolute improvement in survival at which the respondents would accept RhD-positive transfusions for a female child was 4% (1%-14%). This was not different between females with and without a history of severe or fatal HDFN (p = .08 and 0.38, respectively).
    Conclusion: Alloimmunized mothers would accept the risk of D-alloimmunization in a RhD-negative female child for improved survival in cases of life-threatening bleeding.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17807
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Cryoprecipitate for the treatment of life-threatening hemorrhage in children.

    Horst, Jennifer A / Spinella, Philip C / Leonard, Julie C / Josephson, Cassandra D / Leeper, Christine M

    Transfusion

    2023  Volume 63 Suppl 3, Page(s) S10–S17

    Abstract: Background: Hypofibrinogenemia is an important risk factor for poor outcomes in children with severe bleeding. There is a paucity of data on the impact of cryoprecipitate transfusion on outcomes in pediatric patients with life-threatening hemorrhage ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hypofibrinogenemia is an important risk factor for poor outcomes in children with severe bleeding. There is a paucity of data on the impact of cryoprecipitate transfusion on outcomes in pediatric patients with life-threatening hemorrhage (LTH).
    Study design and methods: This secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study of children with LTH investigated subjects who were categorized by receipt of cryoprecipitate during their resuscitation and according to the etiology of their bleeding: trauma, operative, and medical. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with 6-h, 24-h, and 28-day mortality. Cox Hazard regression models were generated to adjust for potential confounders.
    Results: Cryoprecipitate was transfused to 33.9% (152/449) of children during LTH. The median (Interquartile range) time to cryoprecipitate administration was 108 (47-212) minutes. Children in the cryoprecipitate group were younger, more often female, with higher BMI and pre-LTH PRISM score and lower platelet counts. After adjusting for PRISM score, bleeding etiology, age, sex, RBC volume, platelet volume, antifibrinolytic use and cardiac arrest, cryoprecipitate administration was independently associated with lower 6-h mortality, Hazard Ratio (95% CI), 0.41 (0.19-0.89), (p = 0.02) and 24-h mortality, Hazard Ratio (95% CI), 0.46 (0.24-0.89), (p = 0.02).
    Conclusion: Cryoprecipitate transfusion to children with LTH was associated with reduced early mortality. A prospective randomized trial is needed to determine if cryoprecipitate can improve outcomes in children with LTH.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Fibrinogen/therapeutic use ; Factor VIII/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Hemorrhage/therapy
    Chemical Substances Fibrinogen (9001-32-5) ; Factor VIII (9001-27-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17340
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Timing of RhD-positive red blood cell administration is associated with D-alloimmunization in injured patients.

    Yazer, Mark H / Spinella, Philip C / Sperry, Jason / Triulzi, Darrell J / Leeper, Christine

    Transfusion

    2023  Volume 63 Suppl 3, Page(s) S54–S59

    Abstract: Background: The D-alloimmunization rate in trauma patients does not appear to depend on the number of RhD-positive units transfused. The effect of the timing and pattern of RhD-positive transfusions has not been evaluated.: Methods: RhD-negative ... ...

    Abstract Background: The D-alloimmunization rate in trauma patients does not appear to depend on the number of RhD-positive units transfused. The effect of the timing and pattern of RhD-positive transfusions has not been evaluated.
    Methods: RhD-negative trauma patients who were transfused with RhD-positive red blood cells (RBC) or low titer group O whole blood (collectively called RBCs) on at least two separate calendar days and who had antibody detection tests performed at least 14 days after the second RhD-positive RBC transfusion without receiving RhIg were included in the analysis. Patients whose anti-D was detected within 14 days of the index RhD-positive RBC transfusion were excluded. Patient demographics and the dates of RhD-positive RBC transfusions and results of antibody detection tests performed after the index transfusion were collected on eligible patients.
    Results: There were 44/61 (72.1%) patients in whom anti-D was not detected (non-alloimmunized) and 17/61 (27.9%) in whom anti-D was detected (alloimmunized). The patients had similar demographics with trends towards higher median admission heart rates and lower median admission Glasgow Coma Scale values in the alloimmunized group. Both groups received statistically identical median quantities of RhD-positive RBCs (non-alloimmunized 5 vs. alloimmunized 4 units, p = .53), however, the alloimmunized group received all their RhD-positive RBCs over a significantly shorter period of time compared to the non-alloimmunized (median 4 vs. 15 days, respectively, p = .01).
    Conclusion: Receipt of all RhD-positive RBCs over a shorter period of time was associated with higher D-alloimmunization rates. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Erythrocytes ; Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods ; Blood Transfusion/methods ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
    Chemical Substances Isoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17330
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Hemostatic Resuscitation in Children.

    Ramos-Jimenez, Rafael G / Leeper, Christine

    Transfusion medicine reviews

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 113–117

    Abstract: Trauma is a major source of morbidity and mortality for children worldwide; life-threatening hemorrhage is a primary cause of preventable death. Essential interventions in children with life-threatening hemorrhage include hemostatic resuscitation and ... ...

    Abstract Trauma is a major source of morbidity and mortality for children worldwide; life-threatening hemorrhage is a primary cause of preventable death. Essential interventions in children with life-threatening hemorrhage include hemostatic resuscitation and mechanical control of bleeding. Herein we review pediatric hemostatic resuscitation, a strategy that addresses both hemorrhagic shock and the coagulopathic complications described in patients with major hemorrhage. Some components of hemostatic resuscitation may include: early and aggressive resuscitation with blood products, minimizing crystalloid and hemodilution, antifibrinolytic adjuncts such as tranexamic acid, and the novel use of low-titer group O whole-blood (LTOWB) transfusion in injured children. The following selection of important publications address the current state of hemostatic resuscitation strategies in pediatric trauma patients as well as the remaining knowledge gaps and areas for further research.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Hemostatics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/therapy ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use ; Wounds and Injuries/complications ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
    Chemical Substances Hemostatics ; Tranexamic Acid (6T84R30KC1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639107-2
    ISSN 1532-9496 ; 0887-7963
    ISSN (online) 1532-9496
    ISSN 0887-7963
    DOI 10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.06.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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