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Article ; Online: Examining the utility of lower dose radiotherapy for localised primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.

Leeson, Sarah / Jayamohan, Jayasingham / Vu, Hanh / Sundaresan, Puma

2021 Volume 68, Issue 3, Page(s) 269–273

Abstract: Introduction: Most primary ocular adnexal lymphomas are those involving mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Radiotherapy (RT) dose regimens in the literature vary from the historically used high doses (up to 56 Gy) to lower dose RT. We aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Most primary ocular adnexal lymphomas are those involving mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Radiotherapy (RT) dose regimens in the literature vary from the historically used high doses (up to 56 Gy) to lower dose RT. We aimed to examine our institution's experience with the use of orbital RT for treating early-stage primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (POAML). Methods: Patients treated for stage I or II POAML over a 12-year period (July 2006 to June 2018) were identified through institutional databases. Data were retrospectively collated through review of patient records. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to analyse the data. Results: Eighteen patients (median age of 67; range 44-87yrs) with localised POAML (3 cases of bilateral disease) were identified, resulting in a total of 21 evaluable orbits. Eight (44%) patients were female, and all were documented to be of good performance status (ECOG 0-1). The median follow-up was 34 months (range 8-75 months). The commonest dose fractionation used was 20 Gy in 10 fractions (n = 13 orbits) and a 3D conformal or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique was used in the majority of cases. None of the patients experienced an in-field recurrence. One patient had experienced a contralateral orbital recurrence two years post-unilateral orbital RT for orbital MALT lymphoma. Three patients experienced distant relapse. Conclusion: The use of lower dose orbital RT such as 20 Gy in 10 fractions (or radio biologically equivalent) yields excellent local disease control in the management of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. The durability of the response appears to be favourable. Given the indolent nature of the disease and the low levels of toxicity associated with lower dose orbital RT, this regimen remains our favoured approach to the management of localised POAML.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dose Fractionation, Radiation ; Eye Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/radiotherapy ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2734841-6
ISSN	2051-3909 ; 2051-3909
ISSN (online)	2051-3909
ISSN	2051-3909
DOI	10.1002/jmrs.464
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Article ; Online: Sources of PM

Dimitriou, Konstantinos / Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos / Leeson, Sarah R / Twigg, Marsailidh M

Chemosphere

2021 Volume 274, Page(s) 129979

Abstract: The Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) model is a well-known tool which combines the residence time (trajectory points) of air masses over specific regions with ambient concentrations of air pollutants, aiming to identify potential long range ... ...

Abstract	The Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) model is a well-known tool which combines the residence time (trajectory points) of air masses over specific regions with ambient concentrations of air pollutants, aiming to identify potential long range transport impacts. An upgraded 3D-version of CWT model (3D-CWT), investigating not only the geographical origin of the exogenous emissions but also the altitudinal layers in which the transport occurs, was developed and coupled with PM
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; China ; England ; Environmental Monitoring ; Europe ; Ions/analysis ; North Sea ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Scotland ; Seasons ; United Kingdom ; Water
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Ions ; Particulate Matter ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129979
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Article: Phenotypic plasticity but no adaptive divergence in cuticular hydrocarbons and desiccation resistance among translocated populations of dung beetles

Leeson, Sarah A / Kennington, W. Jason / Evans, Theodore A / Simmons, Leigh W

Evolutionary ecology. 2020 Dec., v. 34, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Translocated populations must adapt to their new environment to survive. A key aspect of survival for insects is the maintenance of water balance. It is thought that insects can adapt to dry environments by adjusting their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) ... ...

Abstract	Translocated populations must adapt to their new environment to survive. A key aspect of survival for insects is the maintenance of water balance. It is thought that insects can adapt to dry environments by adjusting their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile to reduce water loss, though there is limited empirical support for this, and studies generally focus on other roles of CHCs, such as chemical communication. We tested for phenotypic adaptation in introduced populations of the Mediterranean dung beetle Onthophagus taurus, which have become established along a climatic gradient from dry northern to wet southern locations in southwestern Australia. We compared CHC profiles and desiccation resistance between northern and southern populations of the species. To quantify desiccation resistance, we measured both the rate of weight loss and time until death in beetles incubated at 35 °C. We tested for associations between these measures of desiccation resistance and CHC profiles, which were obtained through gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The abundance of CHCs was positively associated with desiccation resistance, and individuals that underwent the desiccation treatment produced a greater quantity of several CHC compounds indicating their ability to plastically adjust their CHC profile in response to desiccation stress. However, northern populations did not produce more CHCs than southern populations, and southern populations were better able to tolerate desiccation. Our results suggest that CHCs are an important component of desiccation resistance in O. taurus. However, the lack of evidence for local adaptation to the drier northern climate suggests there may be constraints to increasing desiccation resistance, and demonstrates the importance of considering local environmental conditions before translocating populations to new locations.
Keywords	Onthophagus taurus ; adaptive radiation ; chemical communication ; climate ; death ; dung beetles ; feces ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; phenotype ; phenotypic plasticity ; weight loss ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 929-944.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	15919-0
ISSN	1573-8477 ; 0269-7653
ISSN (online)	1573-8477
ISSN	0269-7653
DOI	10.1007/s10682-020-10074-w
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Article: Inference of spatial heterogeneity in surface fluxes from eddy covariance data: A case study from a subarctic mire ecosystem

Levy, Peter / Drewer, Julia / Friborg, Thomas / Jammet, Mathilde / Leeson, Sarah / Oijen, Marcel van / Skiba, Ute

Agricultural and forest meteorology. 2020 Jan. 15, v. 280

2020

Abstract: Horizontal heterogeneity causes difficulties in the eddy covariance technique for measuring surface fluxes, related to both advection and the confounding of temporal and spatial variability. Our aim here was to address this problem, using statistical ... ...

Abstract	Horizontal heterogeneity causes difficulties in the eddy covariance technique for measuring surface fluxes, related to both advection and the confounding of temporal and spatial variability. Our aim here was to address this problem, using statistical modelling and footprint analysis, applied to a case study of fluxes of sensible heat and methane in a subarctic mire. We applied a new method to infer the spatial heterogeneity in fluxes of sensible heat and methane from a subarctic ecosystem in northern Sweden, where there were clear differences in surface types within the landscape. We inferred the flux from each of these surface types, using a Bayesian approach to estimate the parameters of a hierarchical model which includes coefficients for the different surface types. The approach is based on the variation in the flux observed at a single eddy covariance tower as the footprint changes over time. The method has applications wherever spatial heterogeneity is a concern in the interpretation of eddy covariance fluxes.
Keywords	advection ; Bayesian theory ; case studies ; ecosystems ; eddy covariance ; heat ; landscapes ; methane ; spatial variation ; statistical models ; Sweden
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0115
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	409905-9
ISSN	0168-1923
ISSN	0168-1923
DOI	10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107783
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Article: The dynamics of ovine gastrointestinal nematode infections within ewe and lamb cohorts on three Scottish sheep farms

Hamer, Kim / Bartley, David J / Busin, Valentina / Chaudhry, Umer / Jennings, Amy / Kelly, Robert F / Leeson, Sarah / McIntyre, Jennifer / Morrison, Alison A / Sargison, Neil

Preventive veterinary medicine. 2019 Aug. 21,

2019

Abstract: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a serious concern for sheep producers worldwide. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing the epidemiology of GIN on modern UK sheep farms. The aim of this paper was to understand whether expected seasonal ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a serious concern for sheep producers worldwide. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing the epidemiology of GIN on modern UK sheep farms. The aim of this paper was to understand whether expected seasonal variations of infection are still found in ewes and lambs under varying management strategies in temperate climates. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were conducted on freshly voided samples collected from groups of ewes and lambs every third week for twelve months on three farms in southeast Scotland. The patterns of egg output have been described here in relation to management practices undertaken on the farms. Despite changes in farming practice and climatic conditions, the findings complement historical studies detailing the epidemiology of GIN. Findings include a periparturient rise in ewe FEC on two of the farms, while lambing time treatment appeared to suppress this on the third farm. On the same two farms lamb FEC increased during the summer, reaching a peak in the autumn. The work also highlights how the ad hoc use of anthelmintics does little to impact these patterns.
Keywords	anthelmintics ; autumn ; climatic factors ; eggs ; epidemiology ; ewes ; farming systems ; farms ; fecal egg count ; gastrointestinal nematodes ; lambing ; lambs ; livestock and meat industry ; nematode infections ; seasonal variation ; summer ; temperate zones ; Scotland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0821
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	43399-8
ISSN	1873-1716 ; 0167-5877
ISSN (online)	1873-1716
ISSN	0167-5877
DOI	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104752
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Article: Response of a peat bog vegetation community to long‐term experimental addition of nitrogen

Levy, Peter / van Dijk, Netty / Gray, Alan / Sutton, Mark / Jones, Matthew / Leeson, Sarah / Dise, Nancy / Leith, Ian / Sheppard, Lucy

journal of ecology. 2019 May, v. 107, no. 3

2019

Abstract: We report results from a long‐term experiment in which additional nitrogen has been deposited on a peat bog in central Scotland for over 14 years, in three different forms: as ammonia (NH3) gas, as ammonium (NH4+) solution, or as nitrate (NO3-) solution. ...

Abstract	We report results from a long‐term experiment in which additional nitrogen has been deposited on a peat bog in central Scotland for over 14 years, in three different forms: as ammonia (NH3) gas, as ammonium (NH4+) solution, or as nitrate (NO3-) solution. The automated experiment was designed to apply nitrogen in such a way that mimics real‐world nitrogen deposition. Background nitrogen deposition at the site was 0.8 g N m−2 year−1). Observations of cover for 46 species were made. We analysed the change in six common species in relation to nitrogen dose and form. The responses differed among species and nitrogen forms, but five out of the six species declined, and NH3 produced the biggest change in cover per unit of nitrogen addition. The exception was the graminoid sedge Eriophorum vaginatum, which increased dramatically in the NH3 treatment. Multivariate analyses identified responses to nitrogen dose across treatments which were consistent with the univariate results. We surmised that the larger experimental response to nitrogen observed in the NH3 treatment (cf. the NH4+ and NO3- treatments) was because of the higher nitrogen concentrations at the vegetation surface produced by dry deposition. NH4+ and NO3- were sprayed in solution, but much of this will enter the peat porewater, and be further diluted. Because NH3 deposits directly to the leaf, it stays contained within the small volume of water on and in the leaf, producing a high internal concentration of nitrogen ions. Synthesis. Consistent trends with nitrogen were discernible across species. All species showed a decline with NH3 treatment, except for Eriophorum vaginatum which increased. In the absence of phosphorous and potassium (PK), all species declined with NH4+ and NO3-, except for Calluna vulgaris and Hypnum jutlandicum. The effect of PK was not consistent across species. Per unit of nitrogen deposited, NH3 generally had a larger impact on vegetation composition than NH4+ or NO3-. However, the actual deposition rate of NH3 on UK peat bogs is lower than the other forms. In the case of the most common species of the peat‐forming genus Sphagnum, we estimate that NH4+ deposition has the largest impact, followed by NO3- and NH3.
Keywords	Calluna vulgaris ; Eriophorum vaginatum ; Hypnum ; Sphagnum ; ammonia ; ammonium ; automation ; bogs ; botanical composition ; dry deposition ; graminoids ; leaves ; long term experiments ; multivariate analysis ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; nitrogen content ; peat ; peatlands ; phosphorus ; plant communities ; potassium ; vegetation ; Scotland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-05
Size	p. 1167-1186.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	3023-5
ISSN	0022-0477
ISSN	0022-0477
DOI	10.1111/1365-2745.13107
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Article ; Online: Long-term interactive effects of N addition with P and K availability on N status of Sphagnum.

Chiwa, Masaaki / Sheppard, Lucy J / Leith, Ian D / Leeson, Sarah R / Tang, Y Sim / Neil Cape, J

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2018 Volume 237, Page(s) 468–472

Abstract: Little information exists concerning the long-term interactive effect of nitrogen (N) addition with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on Sphagnum N status. This study was conducted as part of a long-term N manipulation on Whim bog in south Scotland to ... ...

Abstract	Little information exists concerning the long-term interactive effect of nitrogen (N) addition with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on Sphagnum N status. This study was conducted as part of a long-term N manipulation on Whim bog in south Scotland to evaluate the long-term alleviation effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on N saturation of Sphagnum (S. capillifolium). On this ombrotrophic peatland, where ambient deposition was 8 kg N ha
MeSH term(s)	Ammonium Compounds ; Environmental Monitoring ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Plant Stems ; Potassium/metabolism ; Scotland ; Sphagnopsida/chemistry ; Sphagnopsida/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Ammonium Compounds ; Nitrates ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.076
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Article: Sphagnum can ‘filter’ N deposition, but effects on the plant and pore water depend on the N form

Chiwa, Masaaki / Sheppard, Lucy J / Leith, Ian D / Leeson, Sarah R / Tang, Y. Sim / Cape, J. Neil

Science of the total environment. 2016 July 15, v. 559

2016

Abstract: The ability of Sphagnum moss to efficiently intercept atmospheric nitrogen (N) has been assumed to be vulnerable to increased N deposition. However, the proposed critical load (20kgNha−1yr−1) to exceed the capacity of the Sphagnum N filter has not been ... ...

Abstract	The ability of Sphagnum moss to efficiently intercept atmospheric nitrogen (N) has been assumed to be vulnerable to increased N deposition. However, the proposed critical load (20kgNha−1yr−1) to exceed the capacity of the Sphagnum N filter has not been confirmed. A long-term (11years) and realistic N manipulation on Whim bog was used to study the N filter function of Sphagnum (Sphagnum capillifolium) in response to increased wet N deposition. On this ombrotrophic peatland where ambient deposition was 8kgNha−1yr−1, an additional 8, 24, and 56kgNha−1yr−1 of either ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3−) has been applied for 11years. Nutrient status of Sphagnum and pore water quality from the Sphagnum layer were assessed. The N filter function of Sphagnum was still active up to 32kgNha−1yr−1 even after 11years. N saturation of Sphagnum and subsequent increases in dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentration in pore water occurred only for 56kgNha−1yr−1 of NH4+ addition. These results indicate that the Sphagnum N filter is more resilient to wet N deposition than previously inferred. However, functionality will be more compromised when NH4+ dominates wet deposition for high inputs (56kgNha−1yr−1). The N filter function in response to NO3− uptake increased the concentration of dissolved organic N (DON) and associated organic anions in pore water. NH4+ uptake increased the concentration of base cations and hydrogen ions in pore water though ion exchange. The resilience of the Sphagnum N filter can explain the reported small magnitude of species change in the Whim bog ecosystem exposed to wet N deposition. However, changes in the leaching substances, arising from the assimilation of NO3− and NH4+, may lead to species change.
Keywords	Sphagnum ; ammonium compounds ; anions ; cations ; chemical bases ; critical load ; dissolved organic nitrogen ; ecosystems ; hydrogen ions ; ion exchange ; leaching ; mosses and liverworts ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; peatlands ; water quality ; wet deposition
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0715
Size	p. 113-120.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.130
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Article ; Online: The dynamics of ovine gastrointestinal nematode infections within ewe and lamb cohorts on three Scottish sheep farms.

Hamer, Kim / McIntyre, Jennifer / Morrison, Alison A / Jennings, Amy / Kelly, Robert F / Leeson, Sarah / Bartley, David J / Chaudhry, Umer / Busin, Valentina / Sargison, Neil

Preventive veterinary medicine

2019 Volume 171, Page(s) 104752

Abstract	Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a serious concern for sheep producers worldwide. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing the epidemiology of GIN on modern UK sheep farms. The aim of this paper was to understand whether expected seasonal variations of infection are still found in ewes and lambs under varying management strategies in temperate climates. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were conducted on freshly voided samples collected from groups of ewes and lambs every third week for twelve months on three farms in southeast Scotland. The patterns of egg output have been described here in relation to management practices undertaken on the farms. Despite changes in farming practice and climatic conditions, the findings complement historical studies detailing the epidemiology of GIN. Findings include a periparturient rise in ewe FEC on two of the farms, while lambing time treatment appeared to suppress this on the third farm. On the same two farms lamb FEC increased during the summer, reaching a peak in the autumn. The work also highlights how the ad hoc use of anthelmintics does little to impact these patterns.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/parasitology ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Farms ; Feces/parasitology ; Nematode Infections/drug therapy ; Nematode Infections/epidemiology ; Nematode Infections/veterinary ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/drug therapy ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/parasitology
Chemical Substances	Anthelmintics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	43399-8
ISSN	1873-1716 ; 0167-5877
ISSN (online)	1873-1716
ISSN	0167-5877
DOI	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104752
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Article ; Online: Sphagnum can 'filter' N deposition, but effects on the plant and pore water depend on the N form.

Chiwa, Masaaki / Sheppard, Lucy J / Leith, Ian D / Leeson, Sarah R / Tang, Y Sim / Cape, J Neil

The Science of the total environment

2016 Volume 559, Page(s) 113–120

Abstract: The ability of Sphagnum moss to efficiently intercept atmospheric nitrogen (N) has been assumed to be vulnerable to increased N deposition. However, the proposed critical load (20kgNha(-1)yr(-1)) to exceed the capacity of the Sphagnum N filter has not ... ...

Abstract	The ability of Sphagnum moss to efficiently intercept atmospheric nitrogen (N) has been assumed to be vulnerable to increased N deposition. However, the proposed critical load (20kgNha(-1)yr(-1)) to exceed the capacity of the Sphagnum N filter has not been confirmed. A long-term (11years) and realistic N manipulation on Whim bog was used to study the N filter function of Sphagnum (Sphagnum capillifolium) in response to increased wet N deposition. On this ombrotrophic peatland where ambient deposition was 8kgNha(-1)yr(-1), an additional 8, 24, and 56kgNha(-1)yr(-1) of either ammonium (NH4(+)) or nitrate (NO3(-)) has been applied for 11years. Nutrient status of Sphagnum and pore water quality from the Sphagnum layer were assessed. The N filter function of Sphagnum was still active up to 32kgNha(-1)yr(-1) even after 11years. N saturation of Sphagnum and subsequent increases in dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentration in pore water occurred only for 56kgNha(-1)yr(-1) of NH4(+) addition. These results indicate that the Sphagnum N filter is more resilient to wet N deposition than previously inferred. However, functionality will be more compromised when NH4(+) dominates wet deposition for high inputs (56kgNha(-1)yr(-1)). The N filter function in response to NO3(-) uptake increased the concentration of dissolved organic N (DON) and associated organic anions in pore water. NH4(+) uptake increased the concentration of base cations and hydrogen ions in pore water though ion exchange. The resilience of the Sphagnum N filter can explain the reported small magnitude of species change in the Whim bog ecosystem exposed to wet N deposition. However, changes in the leaching substances, arising from the assimilation of NO3(-) and NH4(+), may lead to species change.
MeSH term(s)	Ammonium Compounds ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Sphagnopsida/physiology
Chemical Substances	Ammonium Compounds ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016--15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.130
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