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  1. Article ; Online: Is Mental Stress the Primary Cause of Glaucoma?

    Sabel, Bernhard A / Lehnigk, Luisa

    Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde

    2021  Volume 238, Issue 2, Page(s) 132–145

    Abstract: The prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with "glaucoma". Worries and fear of losing independence is a constant mental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of ... ...

    Title translation Ist Stress die primäre Ursache von Glaukom?
    Abstract The prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with "glaucoma". Worries and fear of losing independence is a constant mental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of glaucoma but also a possible cause (risk factor). This should not be surprising, given that chronic stress can trigger "psychosomatic" organ dysfunctions anywhere in the body. Why should the organ "eye" be an exception? Indeed, glaucoma patients often suspect that severe emotional stress caused their visual field loss or "foggy vision". The hypothesis that stress is a possible cause of glaucoma is supported by different observations: (i) acute and chronic stress increases intraocular pressure and (ii) long-term stress can lead to vascular dysregulation of the microcirculation in the eye and brain ("Flammer's syndrome"), leading to partial hypoxia and hypoglycaemia (hypo-metabolism). Even if nerve cells do not die, they may then become inactive ("silent" neurons). (iii) Degenerative changes have been reported in the brain of glaucoma patients, affecting not only anterograde or transsynaptic areas of the central visual pathway, but degeneration is also found (iv) in brain areas involved in emotional appraisal and the physiological regulation of stress hormones. There are also psychological hints indicating that stress is a cause of glaucoma: (v) Glaucoma patients with Flammer's syndrome show typical personality traits that are associated with low stress resilience: they often have cold hands or feet, are ambitious (professionally successful), perfectionistic, obsessive, brooding and worrying a lot. (vi) If stress hormone levels and inflammation parameters are reduced in glaucoma patients by relaxation with meditation, this correlates with normalisation of intraocular pressure, and yet another clue is that (vii) visual field improvements after non-invasive current stimulation therapy, that are known to improve circulation and neuronal synchronisation, are much most effective in patients with stress resilient personalities. An appreciation of stress as a "cause" of glaucoma suggests that in addition to standard therapy (i) stress reduction through relaxation techniques should be recommended (e.g. meditation), and (ii) self-medication compliance should not be induced by kindling anxiety and worries with negative communication ("You will go blind!"), but communication should be positive ("The prognosis is optimistic").
    MeSH term(s) Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Pathways
    Language German
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80175-6
    ISSN 1439-3999 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387 ; 0023-2165
    ISSN (online) 1439-3999
    ISSN 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387 ; 0023-2165
    DOI 10.1055/a-1303-8025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Is Mental Stress the Primary Cause of Glaucoma?

    Sabel, Bernhard A. / Lehnigk, Luisa

    Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde

    2021  Volume 238, Issue 02, Page(s) 132–145

    Abstract: The prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with “glaucoma”. Worries and fear of losing independence is a constant mental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of ... ...

    Abstract The prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with “glaucoma”. Worries and fear of losing independence is a constant mental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of glaucoma but also a possible cause (risk factor). This should not be surprising, given that chronic stress can trigger “psychosomatic” organ dysfunctions anywhere in the body. Why should the organ “eye” be an exception? Indeed, glaucoma patients often suspect that severe emotional stress caused their visual field loss or “foggy vision”. The hypothesis that stress is a possible cause of glaucoma is supported by different observations: (i) acute and chronic stress increases intraocular pressure and (ii) long-term stress can lead to vascular dysregulation of the microcirculation in the eye and brain (“Flammerʼs syndrome”), leading to partial hypoxia and hypoglycaemia (hypo-metabolism). Even if nerve cells do not die, they may then

    become inactive (“silent” neurons). (iii) Degenerative changes have been reported in the brain of glaucoma patients, affecting not only anterograde or transsynaptic areas of the central visual pathway, but degeneration is also found (iv) in brain areas involved in emotional appraisal and the physiological regulation of stress hormones. There are also psychological hints indicating that stress is a cause of glaucoma: (v) Glaucoma patients with Flammerʼs syndrome show typical personality traits that are associated with low stress resilience: they often have cold hands or feet, are ambitious (professionally successful), perfectionistic, obsessive, brooding and worrying a lot. (vi) If stress hormone levels and inflammation parameters are reduced in glaucoma patients by relaxation with meditation, this correlates with normalisation of intraocular pressure, and yet another clue is that (vii) visual field improvements after non-invasive current stimulation therapy, that are

    known to improve circulation and neuronal synchronisation, are much most effective in patients with stress resilient personalities. An appreciation of stress as a “cause” of glaucoma suggests that in addition to standard therapy (i) stress reduction through relaxation techniques should be recommended (e.g. meditation), and (ii) self-medication compliance should not be induced by kindling anxiety and worries with negative communication (“You will go blind!”), but communication should be positive (“The prognosis is optimistic”).

    Die Prognose durch „Glaukom“ zu erblinden ist für Patienten psychisch extrem belastend, denn Sorgen und Ängste, die Selbstständigkeit zu verlieren, bedeutet Dauerstress mit dem Risiko von Depression und sozialer Isolation. Dass Stress nicht nur Folge, sondern auch Ursache (Risikofaktor) von Glaukom sein kann, sollte nicht überraschen, da chronischer Stress „psychosomatische“ Organschädigungen im ganzen Körper auslösen kann. Warum sollte das Organ „Auge“ da eine Ausnahme sein? In der Tat vermuten Glaukompatienten oft, starke emotionale Belastung sei Auslöser eines Gesichtsfeldverlusts oder „Nebelsehen“ gewesen. Diese Hypothese wird durch zahlreiche Beobachtungen unterstützt: (i) Stress erhöht akut und chronisch den Augeninnendruck und (ii) Dauerstress ist mit vaskulärer Dysregulation der Mikrozirkulation in Auge, Gehirn und anderen Organen assoziiert („Flammer-Syndrom“). Die Folgen sind partielle Hypoxie und Hypoglykämie (Hypometabolismus), die Neuronen nicht absterben

    lassen, sondern diese akut oder chronisch inaktivieren („stumme“ Neuronen). (iii) Bei Glaukompatienten wird von degenerativen Veränderungen im Gehirn berichtet, und zwar nicht nur in anterograden oder transsynaptischen Kerngebieten des zentralen Sehsystems, sondern auch (iv) in Kerngebieten, die an emotionaler Bewertung und physiologischer Stresshormonregulation beteiligt sind. Auch psychologische Beobachtungen unterstützen die Idee von Stress als Ursache: (v) Glaukompatienten mit Flammer-Syndrom zeigen typische Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, die mit geringer Stressresilienz assoziiert sind: Sie spüren oft kalte Hände oder kalte Füße, sind ambitioniert (beruflich erfolgreich), perfektionistisch, zwanghaft, grübeln viel und machen sich oft Sorgen. (vi) Wenn bei Glaukompatienten durch Meditation Stresshormonspiegel und Entzündungsparameter reduziert werden, korreliert dies mit einer Normalisierung des Augeninnendrucks und (vii) Gesichtsfeldverbesserungen nach einer

    Reizstromtherapie. Diese Art der Therapie, welche die Durchblutung und neuronale Synchronisation verbessert, ist bei Persönlichkeiten mit hoher Stressresilienz deutlich effektiver. Aus der Erkenntnis „Stress als Ursache von Glaukom“ folgt, dass ergänzend zur Standardtherapie (i) Stressreduktion durch Entspannungstechniken empfohlen werden sollte (z. B. Meditation) und (ii) zur Befolgung der Selbstmedikation keine Prognosen kommuniziert werden, die Angst und Sorgen erhöhen („Sie werden blind“), sondern solche, die Stress reduzieren („die Prognose ist optimistisch“).
    Keywords glaucoma ; low vision ; mental stress ; vascular dysregulation ; personality ; vision restoration ; Glaukom ; Sehverlust ; Stress ; vaskuläre Dysregulation ; Persönlichkeit ; Restitution
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01
    Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 80175-6
    ISSN 1439-3999 ; 0023-2165 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387
    ISSN (online) 1439-3999
    ISSN 0023-2165 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387
    DOI 10.1055/a-1303-8025
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  3. Article: Is mental stress the primary cause of glaucoma?

    Sabel, Bernhard A. / Lehnigk, Luisa

    Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde

    2021  Volume 238, Issue 2, Page(s) 132–145

    Abstract: The prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with "glaucoma". Worries and fear of losing independence is a constantmental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of ... ...

    Title translation Ist psychischer Stress die Hauptursache für ein Glaukom?
    Abstract The prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with "glaucoma". Worries and fear of losing independence is a constantmental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of glaucoma but also a possible cause (risk factor). This should not be surprising, given that chronic stress can trigger "psychosomatic" organ dysfunctions anywhere in the body. Why should the organ "eye" be an exception? Indeed, glaucoma patients often suspect that severe emotional stress caused their visual field loss or "foggy vision". The hypothesis that stress is a possible cause of glaucoma is supported by different observations: (i) acute and chronic stress increases intraocular pressure and (ii) long-term stress can lead to vascular dysregulation of the microcirculation in the eye and brain ("Flammer's syndrome"), leading to partial hypoxia and hypoglycaemia (hypo-metabolism). Even if nerve cells do not die, they may then become inactive ("silent" neurons). (iii) Degenerative changes have been reported in the brain of glaucoma patients, affecting not only anterograde or transsynaptic areas of the central visual pathway, but degeneration is also found (iv) in brain areas involved in emotional appraisal and the physiological regulation of stress hormones. There are also psychological hints indicating that stress is a cause of glaucoma: (v) Glaucoma patients with Flammer's syndrome show typical personality traits that are associated with low stress resilience: they often have cold hands or feet, are ambitious (professionally successful), perfectionistic, obsessive, brooding and worrying a lot. (vi) If stress hormone levels and inflammation parameters are reduced in glaucoma patients by relaxation with meditation, this correlates with normalisation of intraocular pressure, and yet another clue is that (vii) visual field improvements after non-invasive current stimulation therapy, that are known to improve circulation and neuronal synchronisation, are much most effective in patients with stress resilient personalities. An appreciation of stress as a "cause" of glaucoma suggests that in addition to standard therapy (i) stress reduction through relaxation techniques should be recommended (e.g. meditation), and (ii) self-medication compliance should not be induced by kindling anxiety and worries with negative communication ("You will go blind!"), but communication should be positive ("The prognosis is optimistic"). (c) Thieme. All rights reserved
    Keywords Brain ; Endocrinology ; Endokrinologie ; Gehirn ; Glaucoma ; Grüner Star ; Immune System ; Immunsystem ; Nervensystem ; Nervous System ; Personality Traits ; Persönlichkeitsmerkmale ; Risikofaktoren ; Risk Factors ; Sehstörungen ; Stress ; Vision Disorders
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 80175-6
    ISSN 1439-3999 ; 0023-2165 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387
    ISSN (online) 1439-3999
    ISSN 0023-2165 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387
    DOI 10.1055/a-1303-8025
    Database PSYNDEX

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    Ul I Zs.20: Show issues Location:
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