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Article ; Online: Study on Urbanization Sustainability of Xinjiang in China

Lei Kang / Siyou Xia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 2535, p

Connotation, Indicators and Measurement

2023 Volume 2535

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Current research about sustainability evaluations in urbanization pays limited attention to certain areas of the world, thus potentially leading to an incomplete portrayal of the rich connotation of sustainable development. In fact, the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Current research about sustainability evaluations in urbanization pays limited attention to certain areas of the world, thus potentially leading to an incomplete portrayal of the rich connotation of sustainable development. In fact, the existing evaluation criteria used by researchers in this field may not be generalizable due to regional variations. This study evaluated urbanization sustainability in Xinjiang Province (China) taking into account different perspectives, such as security and stability, social integration, economic vitality, happiness and livability, and ecological health. The aim was to develop an urbanization sustainability evaluation system, resulting in a new Index customized to regional characteristics and local development needs. METHODS: A spatial clustering analysis methodology was adopted to reveal the prominence of 15 issues in different areas of Xinjiang. RESULTS: Overall, the results showed low urbanization sustainability in Xinjiang, with significant intra-regional variability. The dimensions of security and stability scored the lowest in the newly developed Index, indicating specific aspects of weakness in Xinjiang’s urbanization sustainability. Social integration scored highly in the new index, implying that this aspect plays a supporting role in the urbanization sustainability of the region. Nevertheless, economic vitality scored low, representing a limitation for the region’s urbanization sustainability, as well as the happiness and livability dimensions. On the contrary, the parameter of ecological health scored high, despite spatial variances. Urbanization sustainability within each prefecture was further categorized as high, balanced, or low, revealing the main challenges faced by each prefecture during urbanization. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this study was to divert attention to the urbanization sustainability in different regions of the world, considering their particularity and diversity, thereby providing a research paradigm for scientific evaluation of ...
Keywords	urbanization sustainability ; evaluation ; index ; Xinjiang ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How Do Geographical Factors Affect the Distribution of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Caicai Liu / Lei Kang

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 8943, p

A Case Study of Xinjiang, China

2023 Volume 8943

Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is the essence of excellent traditional culture and the treasure of human civilization. At present, major countries pay more and more attention to the study of ICH. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the ... ...

Abstract	Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is the essence of excellent traditional culture and the treasure of human civilization. At present, major countries pay more and more attention to the study of ICH. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the spatial distribution characteristics of ICH and to understand the factors affecting the development of ICH. Systematically studying the spatial distribution patterns, influencing factors, differentiation characteristics, and formation mechanisms of ICH is essential for effectively promoting its protection and development, guiding the planning of cultural tourism, and implementing cultural power strategies. There are clear differences between municipal and county-level ICH in Xinjiang. The overall distribution trend shows a spatial aggregation structure with more ICH in the north and fewer in the south. ICH resources are concentrated mainly in Kashgar, Yili, Tacheng, Bazhou, and Urumqi, where the Urumqi-Turpan-Korla region is the high-density core area for all types of ICH. Meanwhile, the Yining and Kashgar areas have a large number of non-relics. Ethnic distributions, cultural environments, policy supports, and other social and cultural factors have greater impacts on the spatial distribution of ICH in Xinjiang, while natural geographical environment factors such as runoff water systems and average precipitation have less influence. Interaction studies revealed that the synergistic effects of natural, economic, and social and cultural factors had a more profound influence on the spatial distribution of ICH. Lastly, to promote sustainable development, suggestions were made to optimize the spatial layout, protection, and development of Xinjiang ICH.
Keywords	intangible cultural heritage ; spatial distribution ; influencing factors ; geo-detector ; Xinjiang ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pore Fractal Characteristics of Lacustrine Shale of Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation from the Songliao Basin, NE China

Tian Dong / Lei Kang / Yifan Zhang / Yuan Gao

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 4295, p

2023 Volume 4295

Abstract: The evaluation of pore characteristics in lacustrine shales is of significance for shale oil and gas exploration in terrestrial sedimentary basins. However, due to the complex depositional environments, there have been few reports on the quantitative ... ...

Abstract	The evaluation of pore characteristics in lacustrine shales is of significance for shale oil and gas exploration in terrestrial sedimentary basins. However, due to the complex depositional environments, there have been few reports on the quantitative evaluation of lacustrine pores. In this study, we carry out experiments, e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and rock pyrolysis, on sixteen lacustrine shale core samples of the Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation (K 2 n 1+2 ) in the Songliao Basin. At the same time, we bring in the fractal dimensions to quantitatively characterize the pores of shale samples in K 2 n 1+2 . The kerogen type of shales in the Nenjiang Formation is mainly type Ⅰ. The shales of K 2 n 1+2 develop a large number of mineral intergranular pores and a small number of organic pores and mineral intragranular pores. The primary minerals of the samples are clay minerals and quartz. The total organic carbon (TOC) has a correlation with the pore physical parameters, whereas the content of minerals does not correlate significantly with pore development. The average pore fractal dimensions obtained from the analysis of nitrogen adsorption data are D1 = 2.5308 and D2 = 2.6557. There is a significant negative correlation between the fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) and the TOC content: the lower the fractal dimensions, the higher the TOC, and the more the free oil. In low maturity shales with higher TOC content, due to hydrocarbon generation, larger pores with a regular shape (small fractal parameters) can be produced, which can store more free oil. The shale reservoir evaluation of K 2 n 1+2 in the Songliao Basin should be focused on shales with higher TOC and lower pore fractal parameters. Our work provides a reference for the shale oil evaluation of K 2 n 1+2 in the Songliao Basin and complements studies on lacustrine pore characteristics.
Keywords	shale oil ; pore structure ; fractal dimension ; lacustrine ; Songliao Basin ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Expansion of Industrial Parks in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration

Lei Kang / Li Ma

Land, Vol 10, Iss 1118, p

A Spatial Analysis

2021 Volume 1118

Abstract: Today, China is witnessing large-scale expansion of industrial parks. Rapid urbanization has resulted in the planning, development, and functional transformation of large industrial parks. Some of the expansions have occurred in core areas, while others ... ...

Abstract	Today, China is witnessing large-scale expansion of industrial parks. Rapid urbanization has resulted in the planning, development, and functional transformation of large industrial parks. Some of the expansions have occurred in core areas, while others involved the establishment of new park spaces in peripheral areas. This study examines industrial parks’ spatial expansion in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration and supplements the currently limited spatial expansion analyses of groups of development zones within specific regions. From the perspective of land use change, the study characterizes the spatial expansion of industrial parks in the three periods 1990–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2015. Results reveal the following: (1) During the three periods, the footprint of major industrial parks in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei increased continuously, whereas the average annual growth rates diminished by 11.51%, 8.17%, and 3.38% for 1990–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2015, respectively. (2) In terms of spatial layout, the density of industrial parks has always been high in Beijing and Tianjin, and it increased over the three periods in Hebei, with more industrial parks established in the southeastern and fewer in the northern regions. (3) Regarding expansion modes, the period 1990–2000 witnessed several edge-expansions in core areas, such as Beijing and Tianjin, and limited expansions in peripheral cities; in 2000–2010, mainly edge- and infilling expansions occurred in core cities and characteristically outlying expansions in peripheral ones. In 2010–2015, infilling expansions took place in core cities and edge-expansions of established industrial parks occurred in small and medium-sized cities. Identifying the expansion modes is instrumental in differentiating industrial park development paths and optimizing an entire region’s spatial planning for industrial parks.
Keywords	industrial parks ; spatial expansion ; modes ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: [The study on the characteristics of active force of neck muscles under rapid braking conditions].

Yuan, Xiaoxia / Li, Fan / Lei, Kang / Liu, Qiuhong

Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi

2023 Volume 40, Issue 4, Page(s) 676–682

Abstract: This paper studies the active force characteristics of the neck muscles under the condition of rapid braking, which can provide theoretical support for reducing the neck injury of pilots when carrier-based aircraft blocks the landing. We carried out ... ...

Abstract	This paper studies the active force characteristics of the neck muscles under the condition of rapid braking, which can provide theoretical support for reducing the neck injury of pilots when carrier-based aircraft blocks the landing. We carried out static loading and real vehicle braking experiments under rapid braking conditions, collected the active contraction force and electromyography (EMG) signals of neck muscles, and analyzed the response characteristics of neck muscle active force response. The results showed that the head and neck forward tilt time was delayed and the amplitude decreased during neck muscle pre-tightening. The duration of the neck in the extreme position decreased, and the recovery towards the seat direction was faster. The EMG signals of trapezius muscle was higher than sternocleidomastoid muscle. This suggests that pilots can reduce neck injury by pre-tightening the neck muscles during actual braking flight. In addition, we can consider the design of relevant fittings for pre-tightening the neck muscles.
MeSH term(s)	Neck Muscles ; Neck ; Electromyography ; Head
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	China
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2576847-5
ISSN	1001-5515
ISSN	1001-5515
DOI	10.7507/1001-5515.202301020
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Article ; Online: Input-Output Efficiency of Economic Growth

Lei Kang / Zhouying Song

Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 4624, p

A Multielement System Perspective

2020 Volume 4624

Abstract: Achieving sustainable and efficient economic development involves the pursuit of a model with low input, low emissions, and high yield. One approach to this is by considering input-output efficiency, which has been studied by many previous studies. ... ...

Abstract	Achieving sustainable and efficient economic development involves the pursuit of a model with low input, low emissions, and high yield. One approach to this is by considering input-output efficiency, which has been studied by many previous studies. However, existing literature mainly tend only to give an overall evaluation of regional input-output efficiency, which is unable to reveal the structure and components within the input-output system. This paper aims to overcome this problem by a systematic examination and measuring the resource efficiency, socio-economic efficiency, and environmental efficiency of separate subsystems using the Super-DEA model. The overall efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2015 is analyzed, along with each subsystem’s efficiency. The results show: (i) The overall input-output efficiency, resource efficiency, and socio-economic efficiency of the eastern region are relatively high. The efficiency of the northeastern region has performed poorly. Although the efficiency of the central and western regions is not high, their resource efficiency and socio-economic efficiency have risen in the last decade; (ii) Environmental efficiencies are markedly lower than the levels of the other two subsystems. Most western and northeastern provinces increased in rank, while most eastern and central provinces fell. (iii) Provinces can be divided into three categories, such as resource, socio-economic, and environmental efficiency-constrained provinces. Finally, we discuss the reasons driving the spatiotemporal pattern of China's input-output efficiency and improvement policies.
Keywords	input-output efficiency ; resource efficiency ; socio-economic efficiency ; environmental efficiency ; constraint factor ; China ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A review of involution and its psychological interpretation

Lei Kang / Yeyao Jin

Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, Vol 9, Iss

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: In recent years, the concept of involution has been widely spread, and more and more articles begin to use the concept with its extended meanings to discuss social problems in China. Howev-er, there is little discussion on the evolving meanings of ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, the concept of involution has been widely spread, and more and more articles begin to use the concept with its extended meanings to discuss social problems in China. Howev-er, there is little discussion on the evolving meanings of involution, which makes the use of the concept quite arbitrary. In the early stage of the development of involution, it was a concept based on econom-ic theory and the tendency of the generalization of the concept calls for more systemic discussion across academic disciplines. In order to take a new perspective to understand employee performance, espe-cially some deviant or withdrawal behaviors, this paper analyzes the specific meaning of the concept and the possible psychological fac-tors behind it. After the theoretical discussion of the concept, this paper also tries to seek solutions to effective motivation at workplace.
Keywords	involution ; needs ; functional fixedness ; motivation ; diversity ; managerial ethics ; Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law ; K201-487 ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Adam Mickiewicz University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: CXCL12-CXCR4 mediates CD57

Zhong, Ting / Li, Xinyu / Lei, Kang / Tang, Rong / Zhou, Zhiguang / Zhao, Bin / Li, Xia

Journal of autoimmunity

2024 Volume 143, Page(s) 103171

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	CD57
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; CD57 Antigens/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Chemokine CXCL12/genetics ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	CD57 Antigens ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; CXCL12 protein, human ; CXCR4 protein, human ; Cytokines ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; CXCR4 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639452-8
ISSN	1095-9157 ; 0896-8411
ISSN (online)	1095-9157
ISSN	0896-8411
DOI	10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103171
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Article ; Online: Recovery of intracellular glucose uptake in T cells during partial remission of type 1 diabetes.

Tang, Rong / Zhong, Ting / Lei, Kang / Lin, Xiaoxi / Li, Xia

Diabetologia

2023 Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 1532–1543

Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: Notwithstanding the irreversible beta cell failure seen in type 1 diabetes, some individuals may experience a special phase named 'partial remission' or 'the honeymoon period', in which there is a transient recovery of beta cell ... ...

Abstract	Aims/hypothesis: Notwithstanding the irreversible beta cell failure seen in type 1 diabetes, some individuals may experience a special phase named 'partial remission' or 'the honeymoon period', in which there is a transient recovery of beta cell function. Importantly, this stage of partial remission shows spontaneous immune downregulation, although the exact mechanisms are unclear. Intracellular energy metabolism is crucial for the differentiation and function of T cells, and provides promising targets for immunometabolic intervention strategies, but its role during partial remission is unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between T cell intracellular glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the partial remission phase. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a follow-up component. Intracellular uptake of glucose and fatty acids by T cells was detected in participants with either new-onset type 1 diabetes or type 1 diabetes that was already in partial remission, and compared with heathy individuals and participants with type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, the participants with new-onset type 1 diabetes were followed up to determine whether they experienced a partial remission (remitters) or not (non-remitters). The trajectory of changes in T cell glucose metabolism was observed in remitters and non-remitters. Expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) was also analysed to investigate possible mechanisms driving altered glucose metabolism. Partial remission was defined when patients had convalescent fasting or 2 h postprandial C-peptide >300 pmol/l after insulin treatment. Results: Compared with participants with new-onset type 1 diabetes, intracellular glucose uptake by T cells decreased significantly in individuals with partial remission. The trajectory of these changes during follow-up showed that intracelluar glucose uptake in T cells fluctuated during different disease stages, with a decreased uptake during partial remission that rebounded after remission. This dynamic in T cell glucose uptake was only detected in remitters and not in non-remitters. Further analysis demonstrated that changes of intracellular glucose uptake were found in subsets of CD4 Conclusions/interpretation: Intracellular glucose uptake in T cells was specifically decreased during partial remission in type 1 diabetes and may be related to PD-1 upregulation, which may be involved in the down-modulation of immune responses during partial remission. This study suggests that altered immune metabolism could be a target for interventions at the point of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Glucose
Chemical Substances	Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1694-9
ISSN	1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
ISSN	0012-186X
DOI	10.1007/s00125-023-05938-z
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Article ; Online: Effector-triggered and self-regulated plant resistance to insects.

Wu, Di / Lei, Kang / Wang, Daowen / Fu, Zheng Qing

Trends in plant science

2023 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–3

Abstract: Despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of host plant resistance (HPR) to insects remain elusive. Recently, Guo et al. reported that a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat NLR protein activates ... ...

Abstract	Despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of host plant resistance (HPR) to insects remain elusive. Recently, Guo et al. reported that a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat NLR protein activates HPR through direct recognition of an insect effector and that autophagy-mediated degradation of this effector negatively regulates HPR.
MeSH term(s)	Plants/genetics ; Plants/metabolism ; NLR Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Immunity/genetics ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Disease Resistance/genetics
Chemical Substances	NLR Proteins ; Plant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1305448-x
ISSN	1878-4372 ; 1360-1385
ISSN (online)	1878-4372
ISSN	1360-1385
DOI	10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.008
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