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  1. Article: Analysis of ethics dumping and proposed solutions in the field of biomedical research in China.

    Liao, Bohua / Ma, Yonghui / Lei, Ruipeng

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1214590

    Abstract: As international academic exchanges and cooperation deepen, China has actively engaged in international biomedical research collaboration and achieved significant success. However, these accomplishments have been accompanied by ethical controversies and ... ...

    Abstract As international academic exchanges and cooperation deepen, China has actively engaged in international biomedical research collaboration and achieved significant success. However, these accomplishments have been accompanied by ethical controversies and issues, with ethics dumping being a recurrently discussed focus among scholars. This paper reviews ethics dumping incidents in China's biomedical research field and analyzes the underlying causes to answer why China is often susceptible to ethics dumping. We argue that the primary reasons include weak ethical awareness among some researchers, an oversimplified research evaluation system, gaps in relevant ethics governance and oversight mechanisms, and limited capabilities of certain ethics committees. To address these issues, we propose five ethics governance recommendations: establishing refined ethics committees at various levels and types; advancing theoretical and practical research on science and technology ethics governance; strengthening legislation and regulation related to emerging science and technology; emphasizing self-regulation and capacity building of research institutions; and providing special protection and healthcare for victims of ethics dumping. The aim is to enhance China's research supervision system and prevent similar ethics dumping incidents from recurring.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: A leap of faith: building the trust in human biobanks.

    Zhang, Yi / Liao, Bohua / Lei, Ruipeng

    Frontiers in genetics

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1261623

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606823-0
    ISSN 1664-8021
    ISSN 1664-8021
    DOI 10.3389/fgene.2023.1261623
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  3. Article ; Online: A Strategy to Prevent and Control Zoonoses?

    Lei, Ruipeng / Qiu, Renzong

    The Hastings Center report

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 73–74

    Abstract: The authors argue that in preventing and controlling the pandemic of Covid-19, we should have taken an offensive or proactive strategy rather than a defensive or reactionary one because the former type of approach can bring about more health benefits and ...

    Abstract The authors argue that in preventing and controlling the pandemic of Covid-19, we should have taken an offensive or proactive strategy rather than a defensive or reactionary one because the former type of approach can bring about more health benefits and fewer harms than can the latter. The offensive or proactive approach consists of two parts: The first part is to preemptively establish a barrier between a novel virus and humans in order to prevent the spillover of the virus into humans, and the second part is that, when a spillover fails to be prevented, we should take public interventions, such as contact tracing, social distancing, and quarantine and isolation, as early as when there are several dozens or one hundred or more cases that manifest symptoms with an unknown etiology in order to prevent an epidemic that is still limited to relatively small groups from developing into an outbreak.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; Bioethical Issues ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration ; Communicable Disease Control/standards ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/prevention & control
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194940-8
    ISSN 1552-146X ; 0093-0334
    ISSN (online) 1552-146X
    ISSN 0093-0334
    DOI 10.1002/hast.1142
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    Zs.B 1672: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Ethical and regulatory issues in human gene editing: Chinese perspective.

    Lei, Ruipeng / Qiu, Renzong

    Biotechnology and applied biochemistry

    2020  Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 880–891

    Abstract: This paper focuses on the ethical and regulatory issues raised by gene editing. In the introduction of this paper, authors provide the background where the ethical and regulatory issues by gene editing have been raised including the scientific dimension ... ...

    Abstract This paper focuses on the ethical and regulatory issues raised by gene editing. In the introduction of this paper, authors provide the background where the ethical and regulatory issues by gene editing have been raised including the scientific dimension of gene-editing techniques. In the second part of the paper, the authors focus on ethical issues in human gene editing with the start of Huang Junjiu case and He Jiankui case. Here, the authors discuss the criteria for evaluating action, general ethical issues in gene editing, and try to answer two crucial questions: is it ethically justifiable to use human embryo in ex vivo genome editing study and is it ethically justifiable to perform heritable human genome editing? In answering the second question, the authors discuss the arguments against and for heritable human genome editing, methodological problem, and the building of an ethical framework for heritable human genome editing. In the third part of the paper, the authors focus on regulatory issues in gene editing including proactionary approach versus ethically thinking ahead approach, self-regulation versus top-down regulation, transparency versus confidentiality, and education versus punishment.
    MeSH term(s) Bioethical Issues ; China ; Gene Editing/ethics ; Gene Editing/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genome, Human ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 883433-7
    ISSN 1470-8744 ; 0885-4513
    ISSN (online) 1470-8744
    ISSN 0885-4513
    DOI 10.1002/bab.2032
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1865: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Ethical framework on risk governance of synthetic biology

    Liao Bohua / Wang Yuexin / Ou Yakun / Zuo Kunlan / Liu Huan / Lei Ruipeng

    Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 45-

    2023  Volume 56

    Abstract: Synthetic biology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to design and construct new biological systems not found in nature. Whereas synthetic biology may yield tremendous benefits, it may also pose substantial risks to human health and the ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic biology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to design and construct new biological systems not found in nature. Whereas synthetic biology may yield tremendous benefits, it may also pose substantial risks to human health and the environment that must be addressed. In this paper, we examined the environmental risks associated with synthetic biology, including changes to or depletion of the environment, competition with native species, horizontal gene transfer, pathogenicity or toxicity, bioterrorism, and laboratory biosecurity. We highlight three approaches for assessing environmental risks in synthetic biology: solution-focused risk assessment, Bayesian networks, and network of networks for sustainable capacity building. An ethical governance framework is proposed to facilitate innovation while minimising risks. This framework emphasises the precautionary principle and balancing stakeholder interests prior to project development and commercialisation. Overall, we underscore the importance and urgency of assessing and managing the environmental risks of synthetic biology to ensure its safe and ethical development and application.
    Keywords Synthetic biology ; Ethical framework ; Biosafety ; Precautionary principle ; Environmental risks ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 170
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Impassable scientific, ethical and legal barriers to body-to-head transplantation.

    Lei, Ruipeng / Qiu, Renzong

    Bioethics

    2019  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 172–182

    Abstract: This article consists of four parts. In the first part it briefly describes the history of body-to-head transplantation (BHT) and the surgical plan proposed by Drs. Sergio Canavero and Ren Xiaoping on a human subject. In the second part it argues that ... ...

    Abstract This article consists of four parts. In the first part it briefly describes the history of body-to-head transplantation (BHT) and the surgical plan proposed by Drs. Sergio Canavero and Ren Xiaoping on a human subject. In the second part it argues that the BHT procedure that they propose is scientifically invalid and technically infeasible so therefore would end in failure. In the third part it argues that the present conceivable procedure of BHT cannot be ethically justified because it would bring great harm to the human subject, it is uncertain who would be the possible beneficiary, and valid informed consent cannot be obtained. In the fourth part it argues that the action of performing the procedure of BHT might violate China's current criminal and civil laws. The conclusion that follows from the arguments above is that BHT should be prohibited now and also in the near future. However, this conclusion does not preclude scientists, neurosurgeons and bioethicists doing research into scientific, technical, surgical and ethical issues raised by BHT.
    MeSH term(s) Anastomosis, Surgical ; Biomedical Research/ethics ; Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; China ; Ethics, Medical ; Ethics, Research ; Head/surgery ; Humans ; Research Subjects ; Transplantation/ethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.12675
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2998: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Reboot ethics governance in China.

    Lei, Ruipeng / Zhai, Xiaomei / Zhu, Wei / Qiu, Renzong

    Nature

    2020  Volume 569, Issue 7755, Page(s) 184–186

    MeSH term(s) CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; China ; Ethics, Research/education ; Ethics, Research/history ; Female ; Gene Editing/ethics ; Gene Editing/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Experimentation/ethics ; Human Experimentation/history ; Human Experimentation/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Male ; Research Personnel/education ; Research Personnel/ethics ; Research Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence ; Science/ethics ; Science/legislation & jurisprudence ; Translational Medical Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-019-01408-y
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    Zs.A 26: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MG 9: Show issues
    Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: Antigenic evolution of human influenza H3N2 neuraminidase is constrained by charge balancing.

    Wang, Yiquan / Lei, Ruipeng / Nourmohammad, Armita / Wu, Nicholas C

    eLife

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: As one of the main influenza antigens, neuraminidase (NA) in H3N2 virus has evolved extensively for more than 50 years due to continuous immune pressure. While NA has recently emerged as an effective vaccine target, biophysical constraints on the ... ...

    Abstract As one of the main influenza antigens, neuraminidase (NA) in H3N2 virus has evolved extensively for more than 50 years due to continuous immune pressure. While NA has recently emerged as an effective vaccine target, biophysical constraints on the antigenic evolution of NA remain largely elusive. Here, we apply combinatorial mutagenesis and next-generation sequencing to characterize the local fitness landscape in an antigenic region of NA in six different human H3N2 strains that were isolated around 10 years apart. The local fitness landscape correlates well among strains and the pairwise epistasis is highly conserved. Our analysis further demonstrates that local net charge governs the pairwise epistasis in this antigenic region. In addition, we show that residue coevolution in this antigenic region is correlated with the pairwise epistasis between charge states. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of quantifying epistasis and the underlying biophysical constraint for building a model of influenza evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Neuraminidase/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Viral ; Viral Proteins ; Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.72516
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  9. Article: A Strategy to Prevent and Control Zoonoses?

    Lei, Ruipeng / Qiu, Renzong

    Hastings Cent Rep

    Abstract: The authors argue that in preventing and controlling the pandemic of Covid-19, we should have taken an offensive or proactive strategy rather than a defensive or reactionary one because the former type of approach can bring about more health benefits and ...

    Abstract The authors argue that in preventing and controlling the pandemic of Covid-19, we should have taken an offensive or proactive strategy rather than a defensive or reactionary one because the former type of approach can bring about more health benefits and fewer harms than can the latter. The offensive or proactive approach consists of two parts: The first part is to preemptively establish a barrier between a novel virus and humans in order to prevent the spillover of the virus into humans, and the second part is that, when a spillover fails to be prevented, we should take public interventions, such as contact tracing, social distancing, and quarantine and isolation, as early as when there are several dozens or one hundred or more cases that manifest symptoms with an unknown etiology in order to prevent an epidemic that is still limited to relatively small groups from developing into an outbreak.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #619919
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article: Stringent and complex sequence constraints of an IGHV1-69 broadly neutralizing antibody to influenza HA stem.

    Teo, Qi Wen / Wang, Yiquan / Lv, Huibin / Tan, Timothy J C / Lei, Ruipeng / Mao, Kevin J / Wu, Nicholas C

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: IGHV1-69 is frequently utilized by broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) stem. These IGHV1-69 HA stem antibodies have diverse complementarity-determining region (CDR) H3 sequences. Besides, their light chains have minimal to ...

    Abstract IGHV1-69 is frequently utilized by broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) stem. These IGHV1-69 HA stem antibodies have diverse complementarity-determining region (CDR) H3 sequences. Besides, their light chains have minimal to no contact with the epitope. Consequently, sequence determinants that confer IGHV1-69 antibodies with HA stem specificity remain largely elusive. Using high-throughput experiments, this study revealed the importance of light chain sequence for the IGHV1-69 HA stem antibody CR9114, which is the broadest influenza antibody known to date. Moreover, we demonstrated that the CDR H3 sequences from many other IGHV1-69 antibodies, including those to HA stem, were incompatible with CR9114. Along with mutagenesis and structural analysis, our results indicate that light chain and CDR H3 sequences coordinately determine the HA stem specificity of IGHV1-69 antibodies. Overall, this work provides molecular insights into broadly neutralizing antibody responses to influenza virus, which have important implications for universal influenza vaccine development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.07.06.547908
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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