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Article: Circumvention of over-excitation of PSII by maintaining electron transport rate in leaves of four cotton genotypes developed under long-term drought.

Kitao, M / Lei, T T

2007 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–76

Abstract: We investigated the patterns of response to a long-term drought in the field in cotton cultivars (genotypes) with known differences in their drought tolerance. Four cotton genotypes with varying physiological and morphological traits, suited to different ...

Abstract	We investigated the patterns of response to a long-term drought in the field in cotton cultivars (genotypes) with known differences in their drought tolerance. Four cotton genotypes with varying physiological and morphological traits, suited to different cropping conditions, were grown in the field and subjected to a long-term moderate drought. In general, cotton leaves developed under drought had significantly higher area-based leaf nitrogen content (N (area)) than those under well irrigation. Droughted plants showed a lower light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A (sat)) with lower stomatal conductance (g (s)) and intercellular CO (2) concentration (C (i)) than irrigated ones. Based on the responses of A (sat) to g (s) and C (i), there was no decreasing trend in A (sat) at a given g (s) and C (i) in droughted leaves, suggesting that the decline in A (sat) in field-grown cotton plants under a long-term drought can be attributed mainly to stomatal closure, but not to nonstomatal limitations. There was little evidence of an increase in thermal energy dissipation as indicated by the lack of a decrease in the photochemical efficiency of open PSII (F (v)'/F (m)') in droughted plants. On the basis of electron transport (ETR) and photochemical quenching (q (P)), however, we found evidence indicating that droughted cotton plants can circumvent the risk of excessive excitation energy in photosystem (PS) II by maintaining higher electron transport rates associated with higher N (area), even while photosynthetic rates were reduced by stomatal closure.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Transport ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Electron Transport/physiology ; Genotype ; Gossypium/classification ; Gossypium/genetics ; Gossypium/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/genetics ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Water/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1464075-2
ISSN	1438-8677 ; 1435-8603
ISSN (online)	1438-8677
ISSN	1435-8603
DOI	10.1055/s-2006-924280
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Article: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to simulated repeated damage by Helicoverpa spp. larvae

Lei, T.T

Journal of cotton science. 2002, v. 6, no. 4

2002

Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) experiences frequent episodes of insect infestation during the growing season in Australia. The most important pests are larvae of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and the native budworm (H. punctigera). While cotton ...

Abstract	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) experiences frequent episodes of insect infestation during the growing season in Australia. The most important pests are larvae of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and the native budworm (H. punctigera). While cotton has some ability to recover from repeated pest damage without yield loss, the degree of damage it can tolerate is still not well defined. In a two-year field trial, the recovery of yield and maturity rate of cotton subjected to manual damage to terminals (twice) and to fruit (twice) mimicking repeated infestations by Helicoverpa spp. was examined. The terminals of 80% of the plants were removed from all but the control treatments. Following terminal damage, five levels of fruit damage simulating that caused by 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Helicoverpa larvae per m-2 were imposed. Yield loss was not statistically significant for any damage level, but there was a delay of 3 to 8 days in maturity. An examination of the process of compensation revealed that early season terminal damage could affect cotton canopy structure and may increase light interception. The pattern of fruit production in damaged plants suggests that replacement of lost fruit was achieved largely through greater retention because no significant increase in fruit production occurred. Fruit development was delayed but the 10 weeks between last damage and maturity was sufficient for full yield recovery.
Keywords	Gossypium hirsutum ; cotton ; Helicoverpa ; insect pests ; phytophagous insects ; larvae ; crop damage ; shoots ; fruits (plant anatomy) ; plant response ; plant development ; fruiting ; leaf area ; canopy ; light ; crop yield ; New South Wales
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2000204-X
ISSN	1524-3303
ISSN	1524-3303
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Audio / Video: Recovery from terminal and fruit damage by dry season cotton crops in tropical Australia

Lei, T.T / Gaff, N

Journal of economic entomology. 2003 June, v. 96, no. 3

2003

Keywords	Gossypium hirsutum ; cotton ; Helicoverpa ; insect pests ; crop damage ; plant growth ; compensatory growth ; buds ; fruits (plant anatomy) ; plant development ; fruiting ; crop yield ; heat sums ; canopy ; light ; dry season ; tropics ; Western Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2003-06
Size	p. 730-736.
Document type	Article ; Audio / Video
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	0022-0493
ISSN	0022-0493
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Article: Circumvention of Over-Excitation of PSII by Maintaining Electron Transport Rate in Leaves of Four Cotton Genotypes Developed under Long-Term Drought

Kitao, M. / Lei, T. T.

Plant Biology

2006 Volume 9, Issue 01, Page(s) 69–76

Abstract	We investigated the patterns of response to a long-term drought in the field in cotton cultivars (genotypes) with known differences in their drought tolerance. Four cotton genotypes with varying physiological and morphological traits, suited to different cropping conditions, were grown in the field and subjected to a long-term moderate drought. In general, cotton leaves developed under drought had significantly higher area-based leaf nitrogen content (N area ) than those under well irrigation. Droughted plants showed a lower light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A sat ) with lower stomatal conductance (g s ) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ) than irrigated ones. Based on the responses of A sat to g s and C i, there was no decreasing trend in A sat at a given g s and C i in droughted leaves, suggesting that the decline in A sat in field-grown cotton plants under a long-term drought can be attributed mainly to stomatal closure, but not to nonstomatal limitations. There was little evidence of an increase in thermal energy dissipation as indicated by the lack of a decrease in the photochemical efficiency of open PSII (F v ′/F m ′) in droughted plants. On the basis of electron transport (ETR) and photochemical quenching (q P ), however, we found evidence indicating that droughted cotton plants can circumvent the risk of excessive excitation energy in photosystem (PS) II by maintaining higher electron transport rates associated with higher N area, even while photosynthetic rates were reduced by stomatal closure.
Keywords	Chlorophyll fluorescence ; cultivars ; gas exchange ; water deficit
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-08-01
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1464075-2
ISSN	1438-8677 ; 1435-8603
ISSN (online)	1438-8677
ISSN	1435-8603
DOI	10.1055/s-2006-924280
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Comparison of photosynthetic responses to manganese toxicity of deciduous broad-leaved trees in northern Japan.

Kitao, M / Lei, T T / Koike, T

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2004 Volume 97, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 113–118

Abstract: The effects of manganese (Mn) toxicity on photosynthesis of four tree species in northern Japan representing different successional traits were examined. The four species are: Betula ermanii (Be) and Alnus hirsuta (Ah) representing two early successional ...

Abstract	The effects of manganese (Mn) toxicity on photosynthesis of four tree species in northern Japan representing different successional traits were examined. The four species are: Betula ermanii (Be) and Alnus hirsuta (Ah) representing two early successional species, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Ud) as the mid-successional species, and Acer mono (Am) as the late successional species. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in a solution containing nutrients and Mn of four concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100 mg litre(-1)) for 50 days. Gas exchange measurements indicate that in all species, Mn accumulation in leaves resulted in the decline of light-saturated net photosynthetic rate ai ambient CO(2) pressure (35 Pa, Pn(amb)) and at saturating (5%) CO(2) pressure (Pn(sat)), and of carboxylation efficiency but has little effect on the maximum efficiency of photochemistry. Sensitivity to elevated levels of Mn differed among species where the decline of Pn(amb) was much more modest in the two early successional species of Be and Ah than the mid- and late successional species of Ud and Am. The same trends were observed in both Pn(sat) and carboxylation efficiency. Based on these results, we suggest that early successional species (Betula ermanii and Alnus hirsuta) have greater tolerance for excess Mn in leaves than mid- and late successional species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-05-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0269-7491 ; 0013-9327
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0269-7491 ; 0013-9327
DOI	10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00064-x
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Article: Presence of Understory Shrubs Constrains Carbon Gain in Sunflecks by Advance-Regeneration Seedlings: Evidence from Quercus rubra Seedlings Growing in Understory Forest Patches with or without Evergreen Shrubs Present

Nilsen, E.T / Lei, T.T / Semones, S.W

International journal of plant sciences. 2009 July-Aug, v. 170, no. 6

2009

Keywords	Quercus rubra ; forest trees ; seedlings ; carbon dioxide ; gas exchange ; understory ; solar radiation ; light intensity ; photosynthesis ; acclimation ; Rhododendron maximum ; shrubs ; deciduous forests ; tree growth ; seedling growth ; forest ecology ; Appalachian region ; North Carolina
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-07
Size	p. 735-747.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2038675-8
ISSN	1537-5315 ; 1058-5893
ISSN (online)	1537-5315
ISSN	1058-5893
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Recovery of leaf area through accelerated shoot ontogeny in thrips-damaged cotton seedlings

Lei, T.T / Wilson, L.J

Annals of botany. 2004 July, v. 94, no. 1

2004

Abstract: Background and Aims Leaf area of cotton seedlings (Gossypium hirsutum) can be reduced by as much as 50 % by early season thrips infestations, but it is well documented that plants can regain the difference in leaf area once infestation ceases. The ... ...

Abstract	Background and Aims Leaf area of cotton seedlings (Gossypium hirsutum) can be reduced by as much as 50 % by early season thrips infestations, but it is well documented that plants can regain the difference in leaf area once infestation ceases. The processes involved in the recovery have not been identified. Hypotheses include enhancement of the photosynthetic rate of the damaged leaves, more efficient leaf construction (i.e. more leaf area per unit of dry matter invested in new leaves), and more branching. Methods This 2-year field study examined these hypotheses and found that thrips-affected plants recovered from a 30 % reduction in total leaf area. During the recovery period, repeated measurements of gas exchange, leaf morphology and individual leaf areas at all nodes were made to assess their contribution to the recovery. Key Results Recovery was not achieved through the previously proposed mechanisms. The pattern of nodal development indicated that the duration of leaf expansion of the smaller deformed leaves was shorter than that of control leaves, possibly because they had fewer cells. The production and expansion of healthy upper node leaves in thrips-affected plants could, therefore, begin sooner, about 1-2.5 nodes in advance of control plants. The proposed process of recovery was evident but weaker in the second year where thrips numbers were higher. Conclusions It is concluded that thrips-affected plants overcame the leaf area disparity through an accelerated ontogeny of main stem leaves. By completing the expansion of smaller but normally functioning lower node leaves earlier, resources were made available to the unfolding of larger upper node leaves in advance of control plants. The generality of this mode of plant resistance in pest damage remains to be determined.
Keywords	Gossypium hirsutum ; cotton ; Thrips tabaci ; Frankliniella schultzei ; insect pests ; phytophagous insects ; defoliation ; leaf area ; leaves ; shoots ; regrowth ; ontogeny ; New South Wales
Language	English
Dates of publication	2004-07
Size	p. 179-186.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1461328-1
ISSN	1095-8290 ; 0305-7364 ; 0003-4754
ISSN (online)	1095-8290
ISSN	0305-7364 ; 0003-4754
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Application of chlorophyll fluorescence to evaluate Mn tolerance of deciduous broad-leaved tree seedlings native to northern Japan.

Kitao, M. / Lei, T. T. / Koike, T.

Tree physiology

2003 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 135–140

Abstract: We used chlorophyll fluorescence to examine photosynthetic responses to excess Mn accumulation in leaves of four tree species differing in successional traits. Betula ermanii Cham. (Be) and Alnus hirsuta Turcz. (Ah) were studied as representatives of ... ...

Abstract	We used chlorophyll fluorescence to examine photosynthetic responses to excess Mn accumulation in leaves of four tree species differing in successional traits. Betula ermanii Cham. (Be) and Alnus hirsuta Turcz. (Ah) were studied as representatives of early-successional species. Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai (Ud) was selected as a mid-successional species, and Acer mono Maxim. var. glabrum (Lév. et Van't.) Hara (Am) was chosen as a late-successional species. In Be, Ah and Am, high foliar concentrations of Mn had little effect on maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), as indicated by the values of dark-adapted F(v)/F(m), whereas a significant decrease was observed in Ud. Photochemical quenching (qP) and the excitation capture efficiency of open PSII (F'(v)/F'(m)) decreased with increasing leaf Mn concentration at photosynthetic steady state after a 15-min exposure to 430 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD. Compared with early-successional species, these decreases were greater in mid- and late-successional species leading to lower effective quantum efficiencies of PSII (DeltaF/F'(m) = qP x F'(v)/F'(m) = (F'(m) - F)/F'(m)). To determine the extent of photoinhibition, F(v)/F(m) of the illuminated leaves was remeasured after a 15-min dark period. Compared with the dark-adapted F(v)/F(m), we observed a significant decrease in F(v)/F(m) in Am leaves containing high concentrations of Mn. These chlorophyll fluorescence studies indicate that the early-successional species Be and Ah have a higher tolerance to excessive accumulations of Mn in leaves than the mid- and late-successional species Ud and Am.
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-01-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	743341-4
ISSN	1758-4469 ; 0829-318X
ISSN (online)	1758-4469
ISSN	0829-318X
DOI	10.1093/treephys/18.2.135
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Article: Some observations of phenology and ecophysiology of Daphne kamtschatica Maxim. var. jezoensis (Maxim.) Ohwi, a shade deciduous shrub, in the forest of northern Japan

Lei, T.T / Koike, T

Journal of plant research. June 1998. v. 111 (1102)

1998

Keywords	Daphne ; phenology ; shade ; shrubs ; leaves ; buds ; flowers ; photosynthesis ; canopy ; light intensity ; carbon ; senescence ; dormancy ; photoperiod ; understory ; leaf area ; chlorophyll ; Japan
Language	English
Dates of publication	1998-06
Size	p. 207-212.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2077362-6
ISSN	1618-0860 ; 0918-9440
ISSN (online)	1618-0860
ISSN	0918-9440
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Functional leaf phenotypes for shaded and open environments of a dominant dwarf bamboo (Sasa senanensis) in northern Japan

Lei, T.T / Koike, T

International journal of plant sciences. Sept 1998. v. 159 (5)

1998

Keywords	leaves ; shade ; light intensity ; microhabitats ; plant competition ; phenology ; seasonal variation ; gas exchange ; chlorophyll ; photosynthesis ; leaf area ; nitrogen content ; water stress ; stomatal conductance ; forests ; phenotype ; chemical constituents of plants ; Japan
Language	English
Dates of publication	1998-09
Size	p. 812-820.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2038675-8
ISSN	1537-5315 ; 1058-5893
ISSN (online)	1537-5315
ISSN	1058-5893
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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