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Article ; Online: Is a strict cow's milk-free diet necessary to treat milk oral immunotherapy-related eosinophilic esophagitis?

Bianchi, Annamaria / Calvani, Mauro / Leonardi, Lucia / Remotti, Danilo / Paparella, Roberto

2021 Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) e2021033

Abstract: We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who developed eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) during cow's milk oral immunotherapy (CM-OIT). In order to not completely invalidate OIT benefits, baked milk-containing foods were allowed instead of a strict CM-free ... ...

Abstract	We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who developed eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) during cow's milk oral immunotherapy (CM-OIT). In order to not completely invalidate OIT benefits, baked milk-containing foods were allowed instead of a strict CM-free diet. However, histological remission of EoE was reached only after a strict cow's milk-free diet, not associated to pharmacological treatment. Nevertheless, given the limited data on real incidence of food OIT related EoE and potential beneficial treatment for this condition, we highlight the need of prospective studies aimed to evaluate if a strict CM free diet in OIT related EoE is always necessary to obtain remission of the disease or similarly to CM EoE, baked milk-containing foods" diet could be abeneficial treatment also in these patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Animals ; Cattle ; Diet ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/etiology ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Male ; Milk ; Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2114240-3
ISSN	2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
ISSN (online)	2531-6745
ISSN	0392-4203
DOI	10.23750/abm.v92i3.10050
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Article: Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes in the Pediatric Age.

Paparella, Roberto / Menghi, Michela / Micangeli, Ginevra / Leonardi, Lucia / Profeta, Giovanni / Tarani, Francesca / Petrella, Carla / Ferraguti, Giampiero / Fiore, Marco / Tarani, Luigi

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 10, Issue 3

Abstract: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) encompass a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against two or more endocrine or non-endocrine organs. Three types of APSs are reported, including both monogenic and ... ...

Abstract	Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) encompass a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against two or more endocrine or non-endocrine organs. Three types of APSs are reported, including both monogenic and multifactorial, heterogeneous disorders. The aim of this manuscript is to present the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics of APS-1, APS-2, and IPEX syndrome in the pediatric age, describing the mechanisms of autoimmunity and the currently available treatments for these rare conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children10030588
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Article: Immunological characterization of an Italian PANDAS cohort.

Leonardi, Lucia / Lorenzetti, Giulia / Carsetti, Rita / Piano Mortari, Eva / Guido, Cristiana Alessia / Zicari, Anna Maria / Förster-Waldl, Elisabeth / Loffredo, Lorenzo / Duse, Marzia / Spalice, Alberto

Frontiers in pediatrics

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1216282

Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to contribute to the definition of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) pathophysiology. An extensive immunological assessment has been conducted to investigate ...

Abstract	This cross-sectional study aimed to contribute to the definition of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) pathophysiology. An extensive immunological assessment has been conducted to investigate both immune defects, potentially leading to recurrent Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) infections, and immune dysregulation responsible for a systemic inflammatory state. Twenty-six PANDAS patients with relapsing-remitting course of disease and 11 controls with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis were enrolled. Each subject underwent a detailed phenotypic and immunological assessment including cytokine profile. A possible correlation of immunological parameters with clinical-anamnestic data was analyzed. No inborn errors of immunity were detected in either group, using first level immunological assessments. However, a trend toward higher TNF-alpha and IL-17 levels, and lower C3 levels, was detected in the PANDAS patients compared to the control group. Maternal autoimmune diseases were described in 53.3% of PANDAS patients and neuropsychiatric symptoms other than OCD and tics were detected in 76.9% patients. ASO titer did not differ significantly between the two groups. A possible correlation between enduring inflammation (elevated serum TNF-α and IL-17) and the persistence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PANDAS patients beyond infectious episodes needs to be addressed. Further studies with larger cohorts would be pivotal to better define the role of TNF-α and IL-17 in PANDAS pathophysiology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2023.1216282
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Article ; Online: Update on rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.

Zicari, Anna Maria / De Castro, Giovanna / Leonardi, Lucia / Duse, Marzia

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

2020 Volume 31 Suppl 24, Page(s) 32–33

Abstract: Rhinitis is a common, under-diagnosed condition in childhood and adolescence. Pathogenic classification of rhinitis includes allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR); the latter is characterized by non-infectious and infectious subtypes; ... ...

Abstract	Rhinitis is a common, under-diagnosed condition in childhood and adolescence. Pathogenic classification of rhinitis includes allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR); the latter is characterized by non-infectious and infectious subtypes; non-infectious subtype is by far the most prevalent in infancy. Endotyping may help to predict chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) risk factors, as well as disease progression and response to different treatments. The validation of pediatric algorithms and the implementation of novel biotherapeutics in the endotype-driven integrated pathways of CRS will lead in the next future to more successful disease management.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Comorbidity ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infections/epidemiology ; Nasal Mucosa/immunology ; Nasal Polyps/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic/diagnosis ; Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Sinusitis/diagnosis ; Sinusitis/epidemiology ; Sinusitis/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1057059-7
ISSN	1399-3038 ; 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
ISSN (online)	1399-3038
ISSN	0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
DOI	10.1111/pai.13164
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Article ; Online: Chronic urticaria in a child affected by atopic dermatitis: effective treatment with omalizumab.

Leonardi, Lucia / Uva, Andrea / Duse, Marzia

The Journal of dermatological treatment

2018 Volume 29, Issue sup3, Page(s) 17–19

Abstract: This article describes a clinical experience in a 7-year-old girl with chronic spontaneous urticaria and atopic dermatitis, resistant to therapy with antihistamines and topical steroid. Omalizumab treatment not only allowed complete remission of chronic ... ...

Abstract	This article describes a clinical experience in a 7-year-old girl with chronic spontaneous urticaria and atopic dermatitis, resistant to therapy with antihistamines and topical steroid. Omalizumab treatment not only allowed complete remission of chronic spontaneous urticaria but also significantly improved atopic dermatitis symptoms. The off-label use of omalizumab was well tolerated and no adverse events were reported.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1036299-x
ISSN	1471-1753 ; 0954-6634
ISSN (online)	1471-1753
ISSN	0954-6634
DOI	10.1080/09546634.2018.1543844
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Article: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of hypertension: A population-based cohort study in a North Italian highly polluted area

Raffetti, Elena / De Palma, Giuseppe / Donato, Francesco / Leonardi, Lucia / Magoni, Michele / Sileo, Claudio

Science of the total environment. 2020 Apr. 20, v. 714

2020

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between PCB exposure and the subsequent occurrence of hypertension in a highly polluted area. The study subjects had at least one PCB serum measurement between 2003 and 2014 and were followed up to ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between PCB exposure and the subsequent occurrence of hypertension in a highly polluted area. The study subjects had at least one PCB serum measurement between 2003 and 2014 and were followed up to the end of 2017. Hypertension cases were obtained from the Brescia Health Protection Agency database. Risk ratios of hypertension for total PCBs, high-, middle- and low-chlorinated groups and some common congeners were estimated using Poisson regression models. 1031 subjects were included (43.4% males, mean age 45.3 years). 229 subjects developed hypertension during the follow-up. Total PCBs, middle- and high-chlorinated PCBs, and particularly PCB congeners 138, 153 and 180 were associated with an about 2-fold increased risk of hypertension comparing the third with first tertile of distribution. After lipid-standardization of PCB serum values, the excess risk showed only a slight attenuation. A dose-response linear relationship of the risk of hypertension by PCB serum concentrations as continuous variables was also observed. The PCBs-hypertension association was stronger in overweight/obese subjects than those with normal body mass index. In this prospective cohort study the serum levels of total and middle to high chlorinated (≥6 Cl) PCBs were associated with an increased risk of hypertension, particularly among overweight/obese subjects.
Keywords	blood serum ; body mass index ; cohort studies ; databases ; dose response ; health effects assessments ; health promotion ; hypertension ; males ; overweight ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; regression analysis ; relative risk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0420
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136660
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Article: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of dementia and Parkinson disease: A population-based cohort study in a North Italian highly polluted area

Raffetti, Elena / Donato, Francesco / De Palma, Giuseppe / Leonardi, Lucia / Sileo, Claudio / Magoni, Michele

Chemosphere. 2020 Dec., v. 261

2020

Abstract: Serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with some chronic diseases, but little evidence exists on their possible relationship with neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to assess the relationship between PCB exposure and the occurrence ...

Abstract	Serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with some chronic diseases, but little evidence exists on their possible relationship with neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to assess the relationship between PCB exposure and the occurrence of dementia and Parkinson disease in a prospective cohort study in a highly polluted area (Brescia-Caffaro).PCB exposure was assessed by measuring serum levels of 24 congeners. Data on the onset of dementia and Parkinson disease were retrieved by the Brescia Health Protection Agency Database. We used Poisson regression models adjusted for possible confounders to calculate rate ratios (RRs). A mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediatory role of cardiovascular diseases.699 subjects without neurologic diseases at baseline were enrolled (48.1% males, 63.2 years of mean age) in 2001–2013 and followed up to 2018. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 36 and 20 subjects developed dementia and Parkinson disease. Subjects in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of the total PCBs distribution, compared with those in the 1st tertile, had a higher risk of dementia (RR = 2.30 and RR = 4.35). The estimates for Parkinson disease included the null value with wide confidence intervals. In the mediation analysis, the association between PCB exposure and dementia was dominated by the direct pathway and not by the hypertension-mediated pathway.We observed a positive association between total PCBs serum levels and the onset of dementia not mediated by hypertension. For Parkinson, the unstable risk estimates did not allow to draw a conclusion on a possible association.
Keywords	Parkinson disease ; age ; area ; blood serum ; chronic diseases ; cohort studies ; confidence interval ; databases ; dementia ; health promotion ; hypertension ; males ; occurrence ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; regression analysis ; risk ; risk estimate
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127522
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Article ; Online: Host Defenses to Viruses: Lessons from Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Leonardi, Lucia / Rivalta, Beatrice / Leone, Fabrizio / Cancrini, Caterina / Caffarelli, Carlo / Marseglia, Gian Luigi / Cardinale, Fabio

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

2022 Volume 58, Issue 2

Abstract: The constant battle between viruses and their hosts leads to their reciprocal evolution. Viruses regularly develop survival strategies against host immunity, while their ability to replicate and disseminate is countered by the antiviral defense ... ...

Abstract	The constant battle between viruses and their hosts leads to their reciprocal evolution. Viruses regularly develop survival strategies against host immunity, while their ability to replicate and disseminate is countered by the antiviral defense mechanisms that host mount. Although most viral infections are generally controlled by the host's immune system, some viruses do cause overt damage to the host. The outcome can vary widely depending on the properties of the infecting virus and the circumstances of infection but also depends on several factors controlled by the host, including host genetic susceptibility to viral infections. In this narrative review, we provide a brief overview of host immunity to viruses and immune-evasion strategies developed by viruses. Moreover, we focus on inborn errors of immunity, these being considered a model for studying host response mechanisms to viruses. We finally report exemplary inborn errors of both the innate and adaptive immune systems that highlight the role of proteins involved in the control of viral infections.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Immunity, Innate ; Virus Diseases ; Virus Replication ; Viruses/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2188113-3
ISSN	1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
ISSN (online)	1648-9144
ISSN	1010-660X
DOI	10.3390/medicina58020248
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Article ; Online: Chilblain-like lesions onset during SARS-CoV-2 infection in a COVID-19-vaccinated adolescent: case report and review of literature.

Paparella, Roberto / Tarani, Luigi / Properzi, Enrico / Costantino, Francesco / Saburri, Chiara / Lucibello, Roberta / Richetta, Antonio / Spalice, Alberto / Leonardi, Lucia

Italian journal of pediatrics

2022 Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 93

Abstract: Background: COVID toes or chilblain-like skin lesions have been widely reported during COVID-19 pandemic. Most cases were described in patients with negative microbiological tests for SARS-CoV-2, therefore the possible relationship with SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

Abstract	Background: COVID toes or chilblain-like skin lesions have been widely reported during COVID-19 pandemic. Most cases were described in patients with negative microbiological tests for SARS-CoV-2, therefore the possible relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as with the nowadays broadly available mRNA-based vaccination, has not been fully elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: We here describe the case of a 14-year-old male who developed chilblain-like skin eruptions during SARS-CoV-2 infection despite two mRNA-based vaccine doses and review the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of chilblain-like lesions as a cutaneous presentation of COVID-19 in children. Conclusions: Most children and adolescent with COVID toes have a mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our report aims to highlight the possible onset of these skin lesions in vaccinated children, if infection has occurred, and the potential use of systemic corticosteroids as a first line treatment. Additional evidence is required to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and cutaneous manifestations in children and determine the relationship between chilblain-like lesions and COVID-19 vaccination.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Chilblains/diagnosis ; Chilblains/etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Skin Diseases/complications
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2088556-8
ISSN	1824-7288 ; 1720-8424
ISSN (online)	1824-7288
ISSN	1720-8424
DOI	10.1186/s13052-022-01296-5
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Article: Nutritional Assessment of Baby Food Available in Italy

Antignani, Angelo / Francavilla, Ruggiero / Vania, Andrea / Leonardi, Lucia / Di Mauro, Cristina / Tezza, Giovanna / Cristofori, Fernanda / Dargenio, Vanessa Nadia / Scotese, Immacolata / Palma, Filomena / Caroli, Margherita

Nutrients. 2022 Sept. 09, v. 14, no. 18

2022

Abstract: Adequate complementary feeding practices are important for short- and long-term child health. In industrialized countries, the formulation of several commercial baby foods (CBFs) and an increase in their consumption has been noticed. Aim: To update and ... ...

Abstract	Adequate complementary feeding practices are important for short- and long-term child health. In industrialized countries, the formulation of several commercial baby foods (CBFs) and an increase in their consumption has been noticed. Aim: To update and analyze the nutritional composition of CBFs available in the Italian market. Methods: Data collection carried out in two steps (July 2018–January 2019) and updated in May–September 2021. The information on CBFs was taken from the websites of the major CBF producers available in Italy. The collected information were: Suggested initial and final age of consumption; Ingredients; Energy value; Macronutrients (protein, lipids, and carbohydrates); Fiber; Micronutrients (sodium, iron, and calcium); Presence of salt and added sugars, flavorings, and other additives. Results: Time-space for which CBFs are recommended starts too early and ends too late; protein content is adequate and even too high in some food; Amount of fats and their quality must be improved, keeping the intake of saturated fats low; Sugar content is too high in too many CBFs and salt is unnecessarily present in some of them. Finally, the texture of too many products is purée, and its use is recommended for too long, hindering the development of infants’ chewing abilities.
Keywords	Internet ; calcium ; child health ; data collection ; energy ; industrialization ; infant foods ; iron ; markets ; nutrient content ; nutrition assessment ; protein content ; sodium ; space and time ; sugar content ; texture ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0909
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14183722
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