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  1. Article: Common outcome, different pathways: Social information-processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

    Chan, Janice K Y / Leung, Patrick W L

    World journal of psychiatry

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 286–297

    Abstract: Social functioning is a key domain of impairment in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review adopts the social information-processing model as the theoretical framework to compare and contrast ... ...

    Abstract Social functioning is a key domain of impairment in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review adopts the social information-processing model as the theoretical framework to compare and contrast the deficits of ASD and ADHD at each of the six steps of social information-processing. Both disorders show deficits at each step, but the nature and origins of the deficits are different. Thus, while both disorders exhibit a common outcome of social impairment, the exact pathways that each disorder traverses along the six steps of social information-processing are different. For ASD, there is a social knowledge/behaviour deficit arising from difficulties in social/emotional cue detection, encoding, and interpretation, leading to problems in joining and initiating social interaction. For ADHD, there is a performance deficit incurred by disruption arising from the ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, while its acquisition capacity on social knowledge is relatively intact. The inattentive, intrusive, and impulsive behaviours of ADHD unsettle social interaction. Finally, this review proposes training targets for intervention along the six steps of the social information-processing model for ASD and ADHD, as well as areas for future research in further elucidating the social impairment of the two disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2220-3206
    ISSN 2220-3206
    DOI 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Psychological resilience, activities of daily living, and cognitive functioning among older male

    Ma, Ying / Leung, Patrick / Wang, Yi / Wang, Li

    Social work in health care

    2022  Volume 61, Issue 6-8, Page(s) 445–467

    Abstract: Most of the rural long-term care (LTC) facilities in China are ill-equipped to manage the physical and psychological needs of older residents with dementia. These facilities mostly consist of older ... ...

    Abstract Most of the rural long-term care (LTC) facilities in China are ill-equipped to manage the physical and psychological needs of older residents with dementia. These facilities mostly consist of older male
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Activities of Daily Living ; Resilience, Psychological ; Long-Term Care ; China ; Cognition ; Dementia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197616-3
    ISSN 1541-034X ; 0098-1389
    ISSN (online) 1541-034X
    ISSN 0098-1389
    DOI 10.1080/00981389.2022.2147628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Emerging approaches in the diagnosis and therapy in shellfish allergy.

    Wai, Christine Y Y / Leung, Patrick S C

    Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 202–212

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Despite the high prevalence of shellfish allergy, the clinical management of seafood allergy has remained unchanged over decades. Here, we examined the current status in the diagnosis and clinical management of shellfish allergy and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Despite the high prevalence of shellfish allergy, the clinical management of seafood allergy has remained unchanged over decades. Here, we examined the current status in the diagnosis and clinical management of shellfish allergy and highlighted the imminent need for more specific diagnostic methods, as well as effective and safe therapeutic approaches for shellfish allergy.
    Recent findings: With the advancement in the molecular identifications and definition of reactive epitopes of shellfish allergens, new diagnostic designs such as component-resolved diagnosis, basophil activation test (BAT) and the emerging IgE-crosslinking-induced luciferase expression are emerging. Furthermore, various allergen-specific immunotherapy strategies (such as shellfish extracts and allergens, hypoallergens, hypoallergen DNA vaccines, mimotopes and peptide-based therapies) are being explored at preclinical stages whereas limited nonallergen specific immunotherapy approaches are under clinical trials.
    Summary: With an increasing understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms and molecular features of shellfish allergy, the future for developing precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to better manage shellfish allergy is promising.
    MeSH term(s) Allergens ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Shellfish Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Shellfish Hypersensitivity/therapy
    Chemical Substances Allergens ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2088710-3
    ISSN 1473-6322 ; 1528-4050
    ISSN (online) 1473-6322
    ISSN 1528-4050
    DOI 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000827
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Targeting immune checkpoints in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis: the potential therapeutic targets in the future.

    Pan, Menglu / Zhao, Huanhuan / Jin, Ruimin / Leung, Patrick S C / Shuai, Zongwen

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1156212

    Abstract: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis mainly involving small blood vessels. It is demonstrated that T cells are important in the pathogenesis of AAV, including regulatory T cells (Treg) ... ...

    Abstract Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis mainly involving small blood vessels. It is demonstrated that T cells are important in the pathogenesis of AAV, including regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T cells (Th), especially Th2, Th17, and follicular Th cells (Tfh). In addition, the exhaustion of T cells predicted the favorable prognosis of AAV. The immune checkpoints (ICs) consist of a group of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface of T cells, which maintains a balance between the activation and exhaustion of T cells. CD28, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), OX40, CD40L, glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), and CD137 are the common co-stimulatory molecules, while the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), T-cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), CD200, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) belong to co-inhibitory molecules. If this balance was disrupted and the activation of T cells was increased, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) might be induced. Even in the treatment of malignant tumors, activation of T cells by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may result in AIDs known as rheumatic immune-related adverse events (Rh-irAEs), suggesting the importance of ICs in AIDs. In this review, we summarized the features of AAV induced by immunotherapy using ICIs in patients with malignant tumors, and then reviewed the biological characteristics of different ICs. Our aim was to explore potential targets in ICs for future treatment of AAV.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Neoplasms ; Immunotherapy ; Th17 Cells ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/pathology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Mechanism-based target therapy in primary biliary cholangitis: opportunities before liver cirrhosis?

    Yang, Yushu / He, XiaoSong / Rojas, Manuel / Leung, Patrick S C / Gao, Lixia

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1184252

    Abstract: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease characterized by cholestasis, biliary injuries, liver fibrosis, and chronic non-suppurative cholangitis. The pathogenesis of PBC is multifactorial and involves immune dysregulation, ... ...

    Abstract Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease characterized by cholestasis, biliary injuries, liver fibrosis, and chronic non-suppurative cholangitis. The pathogenesis of PBC is multifactorial and involves immune dysregulation, abnormal bile metabolism, and progressive fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) are currently used as first- and second-line treatments, respectively. However, many patients do not respond adequately to UDCA, and the long-term effects of these drugs are limited. Recent research has advanced our understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis in PBC and greatly facilitated development of novel drugs to target mechanistic checkpoints. Animal studies and clinical trials of pipeline drugs have yielded promising results in slowing disease progression. Targeting immune mediated pathogenesis and anti-inflammatory therapies are focused on the early stage, while anti-cholestatic and anti-fibrotic therapies are emphasized in the late stage of disease, which is characterized by fibrosis and cirrhosis development. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that currently, there exists a dearth of therapeutic options that can effectively impede the progression of the disease to its terminal stages. Hence, there is an urgent need for further research aimed at investigating the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms with potential therapeutic effects. This review highlights our current knowledge of the underlying immunological and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis in PBC. Further, we also address current mechanism-based target therapies for PBC and potential therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of existing treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/drug therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use ; Cholangitis/drug therapy ; Cholangitis/pathology ; Cholestasis/drug therapy ; Fibrosis
    Chemical Substances Ursodeoxycholic Acid (724L30Y2QR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184252
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Social exclusion experienced by older adults: factors for designing healthcare settings in Taipei, Taiwan.

    Hsieh, Mei-O / Leung, Patrick

    Social work in health care

    2019  Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 368–381

    Abstract: Research has demonstrated that social exclusion can lead to negative implications on an individual's health status. In response to the need to examine health disparities among the older adult populations, this study explores social exclusion issues faced ...

    Abstract Research has demonstrated that social exclusion can lead to negative implications on an individual's health status. In response to the need to examine health disparities among the older adult populations, this study explores social exclusion issues faced by older Taiwanese adults as a predictive factor to healthcare. The 80-item Social Inclusion/Exclusion Scale was developed and validated with input from 327 older adults recruited from 40 social service agencies in Taiwan. Findings suggest that to improve the overall health status among older Taiwanese adults, healthcare reforms must aim to increase social inclusion levels through a better understanding of five factors at both the service provider and individual levels: 1) knowledge of service provisions, 2) depression, 3) individual autonomy, 4) types of care home, and 5) gender-sensitive practice.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Assisted Living Facilities/organization & administration ; Depression/epidemiology ; Environment ; Facility Design and Construction/methods ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Status ; Home Care Services/organization & administration ; Homes for the Aged/organization & administration ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Male ; Nursing Homes/organization & administration ; Personal Autonomy ; Sex Factors ; Social Distance ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Taiwan
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197616-3
    ISSN 1541-034X ; 0098-1389
    ISSN (online) 1541-034X
    ISSN 0098-1389
    DOI 10.1080/00981389.2019.1575941
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: New Mechanistic Advances in FcεRI-Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Signaling.

    Li, Yang / Leung, Patrick S C / Gershwin, M Eric / Song, Junmin

    Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

    2022  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 431–446

    Abstract: Mast cells originate from the ... ...

    Abstract Mast cells originate from the CD34
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mast Cells ; Receptors, IgE/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin E ; Hypersensitivity ; Allergens ; Cytokines/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, IgE ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0) ; Allergens ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1239045-8
    ISSN 1559-0267 ; 1080-0549
    ISSN (online) 1559-0267
    ISSN 1080-0549
    DOI 10.1007/s12016-022-08955-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Youth psychopathology: Universal or culture-specific? Testing the syndrome models of youth self-report in Chinese population.

    Liu, Jianghong / Chan, Clare / Leung, Patrick W L

    Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 126–141

    Abstract: Problem: The debate on whether psychiatric symptoms are universal and to what extent they are affected by culture is generally divided between the universalist and relativist approaches.: Methods: This study compared Achenbach/Rescorla's model and ... ...

    Abstract Problem: The debate on whether psychiatric symptoms are universal and to what extent they are affected by culture is generally divided between the universalist and relativist approaches.
    Methods: This study compared Achenbach/Rescorla's model and Weisz's model of youth self-report in 2521 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 12 years). Indigenous exploratory factor analyses were conducted to explore the factor structure of youth self-report (YSR), and the derived models were tested with confirmatory factor analysis.
    Findings: These analyses indicated good support of the Chinese YSR models for males and females. Further analyses revealed three syndromes, namely anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, and aggressive behaviors, which represented broad internalizing and externalizing factors. These syndromes consistently demonstrated high correlations across the different models, indicating their universal nature. Conversely, some unique factors emerged in the Chinese YSR model, such as weight concern and rule-breaking behavior, which may reflect underlying culture-bound factors.
    Conclusions: Our findings support a combined perspective to the universalist and relativist approaches, which argues that some syndromes including Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Aggressive Behavior and Attention Problems are more likely to be universal in male adolescents, while a new emerging syndrome like Weight Concern may reflect the socioeconomic, culture, and lifestyle changes that are currently emerging in China.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aggression/psychology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Self Report ; Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1018093-x
    ISSN 1744-6171 ; 1073-6077 ; 0897-9685
    ISSN (online) 1744-6171
    ISSN 1073-6077 ; 0897-9685
    DOI 10.1111/jcap.12353
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Conventional type 1 dendritic cells are essential for the development of primary biliary cholangitis.

    Reuveni, Debby / Assi, Siwar / Gore, Yael / Brazowski, Eli / Leung, Patrick S C / Shalit, Tali / Gershwin, Merrill E / Zigmond, Ehud

    Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver

    2024  

    Abstract: Background & aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive-cholestatic autoimmune liver disease. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells and their prominent presence around damaged bile ducts of PBC patients are ... ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive-cholestatic autoimmune liver disease. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells and their prominent presence around damaged bile ducts of PBC patients are documented. cDC1 is a rare subset of DC known for its cross-presentation abilities and interleukin 12 production. Our aim was to assess the role of cDC1 in the pathogenesis of PBC.
    Methods: We utilized an inducible murine model of PBC and took advantage of the DC reporter mice Zbtb46
    Results: Histopathology assessment demonstrated peri-portal inflammation in wild type (WT) mice, whereas only minor abnormalities were observed in Batf3
    Conclusion: Our data illustrated the contribution the cDC1 subset in the pathogenesis of PBC and provides a novel direction for immune based cell-specific targeted therapeutic approach in PBC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2102783-3
    ISSN 1478-3231 ; 1478-3223
    ISSN (online) 1478-3231
    ISSN 1478-3223
    DOI 10.1111/liv.15961
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Fostering shared decision-making about prostate cancer screening among African American men patients and their primary care providers: a randomized behavioral clinical trial.

    Echeverri, Margarita / Felder, Kyazia / Anderson, David / Apantaku, Elora / Leung, Patrick / Hoff, Clare / Dennar, Princess

    Trials

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 653

    Abstract: Background: Prostate cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the American population. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse in African American as there is increased morbidity and mortality associated with it.: Purpose: The purpose of this study ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the American population. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse in African American as there is increased morbidity and mortality associated with it.
    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new online method to educate the patient population regarding prostate cancer risk, diagnosis, treatments, and their decisions about whether to be screened for the early detection of prostate cancer.
    Methods: Two hundred Black male patients are recruited from different clinical sites and randomized to either the control arm (usual care) or the intervention arm (educational program). We will compare the effectiveness of the intervention to see if patients are discussing the need of getting a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and the possible benefits and harms that may result of having or not having the test, with their primary care providers.
    Discussion: Shared decision-making (SDM) is the current standard in most cancer-screening guidelines and also a standard of person-centered care. However, there is a lack of evidence-based approaches to improve decision quality in clinical settings and an increased ambiguity of applying SDM for PSA-based screening among Black men in primary care. Our proposal to evaluate a decisional-aid intervention and measure the actual application of SDM during clinical encounters has a high potential to advance the translation path of implementing shared decision-making in clinical settings and provide evidence of the applicability of the guideline in general.
    Innovation and overall impact: Given the 2018 USPSTF updated guidelines recommending shared decision-making about PSA-based screening, the increased risk of prostate cancer mortality in Black men, the challenges of evidence-based decision-making due to the underrepresentation of Blacks in major randomized clinical trials, and implicit racial bias among primary care providers, the time is ripe for interventions to improve shared decision-making about prostate cancer screening in Black men. In this study, we address communication and knowledge gaps between Black men and their primary care providers. The intervention, if proven effective, can be readily scaled across primary care practices across the U.S. and may be adapted to other types of cancer where guidelines have included shared decision-making as well. Early detection of prostate cancer may decrease mortality and morbidity in the long term.
    MeSH term(s) Black or African American ; Behavior ; Decision Making ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Primary Health Care ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy ; United States
    Chemical Substances Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2040523-6
    ISSN 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    ISSN (online) 1745-6215
    ISSN 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    DOI 10.1186/s13063-022-06605-1
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