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Article ; Online: Antibiotics of no benefit to children with eczema and features of cutaneous infection but controversy remains unresolved.

Leung, Ting Fan

2016 Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 179

MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Eczema/drug therapy ; Humans ; Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1324346-9
ISSN	1473-6810 ; 1356-5524
ISSN (online)	1473-6810
ISSN	1356-5524
DOI	10.1136/ebmed-2016-110457
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Development and validation of assessment tools for food allergy-related knowledge and management confidence.

Leung, Agnes Sze Yin / Cheng, Nam Sze / Cheng, James Wesley Ching-Hei / Pun, Jack / Leung, Ting Fan

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global

2023 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 100098

Abstract: Background: Given the life-threatening nature of food allergy (FA), it is important to assess the level of knowledge among families with food-allergic patients and their ability to cope with anaphylaxis. This study constructed a FA knowledge ... ...

Abstract	Background: Given the life-threatening nature of food allergy (FA), it is important to assess the level of knowledge among families with food-allergic patients and their ability to cope with anaphylaxis. This study constructed a FA knowledge questionnaire (FAKQ) and confidence in FA management skills (CIFAMS) questionnaire to assess understanding and attitudes toward FA management in food-allergic families. Methods: Items from literature review and expert panel showing ≥80% content validity index and semantic equivalence were selected for translation into Chinese. These questionnaires underwent feasibility pilot testing followed by cross-sectional validation to assess their psychometric properties of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity with a FA quality-of-life questionnaire and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to confirm their factor structure. Results: A total of 155 subjects (104 patients and 51 parents) completed a 20-item FAKQ and 10-item CIFAMS. Both tools showed acceptable internal consistency in baseline and retest groups. FAKQ and CIFAMS correlated for all subjects ( Conclusion: FAKQ and CIFAMS developed by our group are valid and reliable in assessing knowledge and confidence in FA management in patients and parents. These tools are crucial for formulating education programs and advocacy campaigns for FA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-8293
ISSN (online)	2772-8293
DOI	10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100098
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Article ; Online: High prevalence of sacroiliitis and early structural changes in the sacroiliac joint in children with enthesitis-related arthritis: findings from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong.

Chan, Oi Man / Lai, Billy Ming-Hei / Leung, Agnes Sze-Yin / Leung, Ting Fan / Ho, Assunta Chi-Hang

Pediatric rheumatology online journal

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 45

Abstract: Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a wide, unexplained disparity in the prevalence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) subtypes depending on geographical location, ethnicity and other factors. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a wide, unexplained disparity in the prevalence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) subtypes depending on geographical location, ethnicity and other factors. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is more prevalent in Southeast Asia. Axial involvement in ERA patients is increasingly recognised to occur early in the disease course. Inflammation in the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) observed on MRI seems highly predictive of subsequent structural radiographic progression. The resulting structural damage can have significant impacts on both functional status and spinal mobility. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of ERA in a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. The primary objective of the study was to provide a comprehensive description of the clinical course and radiological findings of the SIJ among ERA patients. Method: Paediatric patients diagnosed with JIA attending the paediatric rheumatology clinic from January 1990 to December 2020 were recruited from our registry based at the Prince of Wales Hospital. Results: In our cohort, 101 children were included. The median age of diagnosis was 11 years, interquartile range (IQR) 8-15 years. The median follow-up duration was 7 years (IQR 2-11.5 years). ERA was the most prevalent subtype (40%), followed by oligoarticular JIA (17%). Axial involvement was frequently reported in our cohort of ERA patients. 78% demonstrated radiological evidence of sacroiliitis. Among those, 81% had bilateral involvement. The median duration from disease onset to confirmation of radiological sacroiliitis was 17 months (IQR 4-62 months). Among the ERA patients, 73% had structural changes of the SIJ. Alarmingly, 70% of these patients had already developed radiological structural changes when sacroiliitis was first detected on imaging (IQR 0-12 months). Erosion was the most common finding (73%), followed by sclerosis (63%), joint space narrowing (23%), ankylosis (7%) and fatty change (3%). The duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly longer in ERA patients with SIJ structural changes (9 vs 2 months, p = 0.009), comparing with those without. Conclusion: We found that a high proportion of ERA patients had sacroiliitis and a significant number of them had radiological structural changes during early disease. Our findings illustrate the importance of prompt diagnosis and early treatment in these children.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Sacroiliitis/diagnostic imaging ; Sacroiliitis/epidemiology ; Sacroiliac Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Arthritis, Juvenile/complications ; Arthritis, Juvenile/diagnostic imaging ; Arthritis, Juvenile/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2279468-2
ISSN	1546-0096 ; 1546-0096
ISSN (online)	1546-0096
ISSN	1546-0096
DOI	10.1186/s12969-023-00825-8
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Article: Polymorphic markers of several immune regulatory genes modulate the susceptibility for eczema and related phenotypes in children.

Kung, Charmaine Jeng Sum / Hon, Kam Lun / Tang, Man Fung / Cheng, Nam Sze / Ng, Gigi Wing Gi / Leung, Christy Wing Man / Leung, Ting Fan

Translational pediatrics

2024 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 436–446

Abstract: Background: Eczema is associated with multiple genes regulating epidermal barrier functions and immunological pathways. However, their epistatic interactions are not well studied. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between ... ...

Abstract	Background: Eczema is associated with multiple genes regulating epidermal barrier functions and immunological pathways. However, their epistatic interactions are not well studied. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between childhood eczema phenotypes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of immune regulatory genes. Methods: One thousand three hundred and twenty-nine Chinese eczematous children and 1,179 non-allergic controls were recruited. Nine SNPs of immune regulatory genes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( Results: TGFB1 Conclusions: Functional
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2901309-4
ISSN	2224-4344 ; 2224-4344 ; 2224-4336
ISSN (online)	2224-4344
ISSN	2224-4344 ; 2224-4336
DOI	10.21037/tp-23-474
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Article ; Online: Endocrine disrupting chemicals in children's and their parents' urine: Is the exposure related to the Chinese and Western lifestyle?

Li, Na / Liu, Jing / Ying, Guangguo / Lee, John Chi-Kin / Leung, Ting Fan / Covaci, Adrian / Deng, Wen-Jing

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

2024 Volume 259, Page(s) 114383

Abstract: Children are known to be more vulnerable to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) compared to adults, but evaluating the exposure pathways can be challenging. This research employed target and non-target analysis (NTA) to examine the exposure ...

Abstract	Children are known to be more vulnerable to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) compared to adults, but evaluating the exposure pathways can be challenging. This research employed target and non-target analysis (NTA) to examine the exposure characteristics of EDCs in spot urine samples collected from 46 children's (aged 3-12 years) and their parents in Hong Kong (Chinese/Western lifestyle) and Guangzhou (mainly Chinese lifestyle). The results revealed that the geometric mean concentrations of phthalate esters metabolites (mPAEs) and bisphenols (BPs) in children's urine were 127.3 μg/g
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2009176-X
ISSN	1618-131X ; 1438-4639
ISSN (online)	1618-131X
ISSN	1438-4639
DOI	10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114383
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Article ; Online: Reply: To PMID 24383670.

Leung, Ting Fan

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

2014 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 496–497

MeSH term(s)	Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	1057059-7
ISSN	1399-3038 ; 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
ISSN (online)	1399-3038
ISSN	0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
DOI	10.1111/pai.12230
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Article: Chronic Medication Use and Factors Associated With Polypharmacy Among Outpatient Pediatric Patients.

Ewig, Celeste L Y / Wong, Kai Sang / Chan, Pak Hei / Leung, Ting Fan / Cheung, Yin Ting

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG

2022 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 537–544

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of chronic polypharmacy among pediatric patients in an outpatient setting.: Methods: We conducted a review of medications dispensed to patients from an outpatient pediatric ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of chronic polypharmacy among pediatric patients in an outpatient setting. Methods: We conducted a review of medications dispensed to patients from an outpatient pediatric facility during a 12-month period. Patients who received chronic medications (≥30 days' supply), which contained at least 1 active pharmaceutical ingredient were included in the study. Descriptive analysis was used to determine prevalence of polypharmacy while predictive factors for polypharmacy were evaluated using logistic regression. Results: Our study included 3920 patients (median age, 9.9 years; IQR, 9.4) and 16,401 medications. The median number of chronic medications used among our study cohort was 2.0 (IQR, 1) with polypharmacy identified in 309 (7.9%) patients. Predictors for polypharmacy were age and the use of certain therapeutic class of medications. Patients 12 to <19 years old (OR, 6.95; 95% CI, 4.1-10.1) were more likely to require ≥5 concurrent medications compared with patients younger than 2 years of age. Use of calcium supplements (OR, 21.2; 95% CI, 11.3-39.6), Vitamin D analogues (OR, 14.3; 95% CI, 8.0-25.8), and systemic glucocorticoids (OR, 18.8; 95% CI, 10.7-33.2) were also highly associated with polypharmacy. Conclusions: Adolescents and children with chronic medical conditions who require prolonged systemic glucocorticoids, calcium, and Vitamin D supplements are at higher risk of incurring long-term polypharmacy. This subgroup of pediatric patients may be more vulnerable to the occurrence of negative outcomes resulting from the use of multiple chronic medications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3028543-4
ISSN	1551-6776
ISSN	1551-6776
DOI	10.5863/1551-6776-27.6.537
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Article ; Online: A novel infant microbiome formula (SIM03) improved eczema severity and quality of life in preschool children.

Chan, Oi Man / Xu, Wenye / Cheng, Nam Sze / Leung, Agnes Sze Yin / Ching, Jessica Yuet Ling / Fong, Brian Leong Yuen / Cheong, Pui Kuan / Zhang, Lin / Chan, Francis Ka Leung / Ng, Siew Chien / Leung, Ting Fan

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3168

Abstract: Altered gut microbiome composition has been reported in children with eczema and interventions that restore beneficial bacteria in the gut may improve eczema. This open-label pilot study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a novel infant microbiome ... ...

Abstract	Altered gut microbiome composition has been reported in children with eczema and interventions that restore beneficial bacteria in the gut may improve eczema. This open-label pilot study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a novel infant microbiome formula (SIM03) in young children with eczema. Pre-school Chinese children aged 1-5 years old with eczema received SIM03 twice daily for three months. The novelty of SIM03 consists of both the use of a patented microencapsulation technology to protect the viability of unique Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve strains identified through big data analysis of large metagenomic datasets of young Chinese children. Paired stool samples at baseline and following SIM03 were analyzed by metagenomics sequencing. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze changes in eczema severity, skin biophysical parameters, quality of life and stool microbiome. Twenty children aged 3.0 ± 1.6 years (10 with severe eczema) were recruited. Treatment compliance was ≥ 98%. SCORing Atopic Dermatitis score decreased significantly at two months (P = 0.008) and three months (P < 0.001), while quality of life improved significantly at 1, 2, and 3 months. The relative abundance of B. breve and microbial pathways on acetate and acetyl-CoA synthesis were enriched in stool samples at one month (P = 0.0014). Children who demonstrated increased B. bifidum after SIM03 showed improvement in sleep loss (P = 0.045). Relative abundance of B. breve correlated inversely with eczema extent (P = 0.023) and intensity (P = 0.019) only among patients with increased B. breve at Month 3. No serious adverse event was observed. In conclusion, SIM03 is well tolerated. This patented microbiome formula improves disease severity and quality of life in young eczematous children by enhancing the delivery of B. bifidum and B. breve in the gut. SIM03 is a potential treatment option for childhood eczema.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Quality of Life ; Pilot Projects ; Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy ; Dermatitis, Atopic/microbiology ; Bifidobacterium bifidum ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Eczema/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-53848-w
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Article ; Online: Immune modulation by rural exposures and allergy protection.

Xing, Yuhan / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Yang, Zhaowei / Wang, Maggie Haitian / Pivniouk, Vadim / Leung, Agnes Sze-Yin / Leung, Ting-Fan / Roponen, Marjut / Schaub, Bianca / Vercelli, Donata / Wong, Chun-Kwok / Li, Jing / Wong, Gary Wing-Kin

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

2024 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) e14086

Abstract: Background: Growing up on traditional farms protects children from the development of asthma and allergies. However, we have identified distinct asthma-protective factors, such as poultry exposure. This study aims to examine the biological effect of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Growing up on traditional farms protects children from the development of asthma and allergies. However, we have identified distinct asthma-protective factors, such as poultry exposure. This study aims to examine the biological effect of rural exposure in China. Methods: We recruited 67 rural children (7.4 ± 0.9 years) and 79 urban children (6.8 ± 0.6 years). Depending on the personal history of exposure to domestic poultry (DP), rural children were further divided into those with DP exposure (DP Results: There was a stepwise increase in the percentage of eosinophils (%) from rural DP Conclusions: Immune responses of rural children were dampened compared to urban children and those exposed to DP had further downregulated immune responsiveness. DP dust extracts ameliorated Th2-driven allergic airway inflammation in mice. Determining active protective components in the rural environment may provide directions for the development of primary prevention of asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects ; Hypersensitivity ; Asthma ; Allergens ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dust ; Inflammation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunity ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides ; Allergens ; Cytokines ; Dust ; Ovalbumin (9006-59-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1057059-7
ISSN	1399-3038 ; 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
ISSN (online)	1399-3038
ISSN	0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
DOI	10.1111/pai.14086
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Article ; Online: Alterations in fecal virome and bacteriome virome interplay in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Wan, Yating / Zhang, Lin / Xu, Zhilu / Su, Qi / Leung, Ting-Fan / Chan, Dorothy / Wong, Oscar W H / Chan, Sandra / Chan, Francis K L / Tun, Hein M / Ng, Siew C

Cell reports. Medicine

2024 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 101409

Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with altered gut bacteria. However, less is known about the gut viral community and its role in shaping microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders. Herein, we perform a metagenomic ... ...

Abstract	Emerging evidence suggests autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with altered gut bacteria. However, less is known about the gut viral community and its role in shaping microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders. Herein, we perform a metagenomic analysis of gut-DNA viruses in 60 children with ASD and 64 age- and gender-matched typically developing children to investigate the effect of the gut virome on host bacteria in children with ASD. ASD is associated with altered gut virome composition accompanied by the enrichment of Clostridium phage, Bacillus phage, and Enterobacteria phage. These ASD-enriched phages are largely associated with disrupted viral ecology in ASD. Importantly, changes in the interplay between the gut bacteriome and virome seen in ASD may influence the encoding capacity of microbial pathways for neuroactive metabolite biosynthesis. These findings suggest an impaired bacteriome-virome ecology in ASD, which sheds light on the importance of bacteriophages in pathogenesis and the development of microbial therapeutics in ASD.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology ; Virome ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; Microbiota ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-3791
ISSN (online)	2666-3791
DOI	10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101409
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