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  1. Article ; Online: Association of Loneliness with Cognitive Functions.

    Kyaw, K T / Levine, A

    The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 903–908

    Abstract: Introduction: Observational studies suggest psychosocial factors such as social support and loneliness are associated with vulnerability for cognitive decline in older adults. However, because of racial/ethnic homogeneity in prior studies focused on ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Observational studies suggest psychosocial factors such as social support and loneliness are associated with vulnerability for cognitive decline in older adults. However, because of racial/ethnic homogeneity in prior studies focused on identifying these associations in predominantly White cohorts, less is known about the generalizability of these putative psychosocial mechanisms in a diverse population. Thus, we evaluated whether lower levels of loneliness were associated with better cognitive performance in our sample.
    Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using 541 participants from (Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa) Dementia Cohort. Participants' self-reported loneliness as exposure. Cognitive performance is measured using a neuropsychological battery as the outcome. Raw scores were converted into Z scores, and global cognitive function was created. Generalized estimated equation and robust regression analysis).
    Results: Better global cognitive function is associated with a lower level of loneliness at (β = -0.0131, 95 % CI -0.1990, -0.0071) after adjustment for age, gender, and education. Lower levels of loneliness were associated with varying cognitive domains after adjustment for age, gender, and education; and persisted after additional adjustments of vascular risk factors.
    Conclusions: Self-reported lower loneliness was associated with higher levels of cognitive performance in a rural South African cohort of Black older adults. Although these findings and the potential of reverse causality need to be further validated, our results suggest that an intervention study may be merited to assess whether reducing loneliness lessens vulnerability to cognitive decline.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Loneliness/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2782183-3
    ISSN 2426-0266 ; 2274-5807
    ISSN (online) 2426-0266
    ISSN 2274-5807
    DOI 10.14283/jpad.2023.60
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  2. Article ; Online: Sexualities and Geographic Mobility Between Childhood and Adulthood in the United States.

    Levine, Andrew

    Demography

    2022  Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 1541–1569

    Abstract: Though research suggests that sexual minorities (e.g., nonheterosexual individuals) are more geographically mobile in the transition to adulthood than their heterosexual counterparts, quantitative estimates are rare and previously used data sources have ... ...

    Abstract Though research suggests that sexual minorities (e.g., nonheterosexual individuals) are more geographically mobile in the transition to adulthood than their heterosexual counterparts, quantitative estimates are rare and previously used data sources have significant limitations. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,705) that directly measure sexualities across dimensions (i.e., identity, behavior, and attraction), I examine variation in geographic mobility between childhood (ages 11-17) and adulthood (ages 26-34) across various sexualities (e.g., gay/lesbian and bisexual). Three findings emerge. First, mobility varies across sexualities. Individuals with gay/lesbian identity, same-sex behavior, and same-sex attraction are more geographically mobile than individuals with heterosexual identity, different-sex behavior, and different-sex attraction, respectively. By contrast, individuals with bisexual identity, both-sex behavior, and both-sex attraction tend to be statistically indistinct from individuals with heterosexual identity, different-sex behavior, and different-sex attraction, respectively. Second, mobility differences are largest and most prevalent when sexualities are operationalized according to identity. Third, evidence suggests that the effects of gay/lesbian identity, same-sex behavior, and same-sex attraction on mobility are larger for men than for women. In providing the first quantitative estimates of geographic mobility differences across broader sexual minority and heterosexual populations, this study expands inquiry related to sexualities and mobility.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Bisexuality ; Child ; Female ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality, Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 280612-5
    ISSN 1533-7790 ; 0070-3370
    ISSN (online) 1533-7790
    ISSN 0070-3370
    DOI 10.1215/00703370-10085223
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  3. Book ; Online: Subsets of groups with context-free preimages

    Levine, Alex

    2023  

    Abstract: We study subsets $E$ of finitely generated groups where the set of all words over a given finite generating set that lie in $E$ forms a context-free language. We call these sets recognisably context-free. They are invariant of the choice of generating ... ...

    Abstract We study subsets $E$ of finitely generated groups where the set of all words over a given finite generating set that lie in $E$ forms a context-free language. We call these sets recognisably context-free. They are invariant of the choice of generating set and a theorem of Muller and Schupp fully classifies when the set $\{1\}$ can be recognisably context-free. We extend Muller and Schupp's result to show that a group $G$ admits a finite recognisably context-free subset if and only if $G$ is virtually free. We show that every conjugacy class of a group $G$ is recognisably context-free if and only if $G$ is virtually free. We conclude by showing that a coset is recognisably context-free if and only if the Schreier coset graph of the corresponding subgroup is quasi-isometric to a tree.

    Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures. Corrected statement of Theorem 6.4
    Keywords Mathematics - Group Theory ; Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; 03D05 ; 20F10 ; 20F65 ; 68Q45
    Subject code 512
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: Reducing the prevalence of chemical UV filters from sunscreen in aquatic environments: Regulatory, public awareness, and other considerations.

    Levine, Arielle

    Integrated environmental assessment and management

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 982–988

    Abstract: Given increasing concerns about the persistence and toxic effects of some sunscreen ingredients in aquatic ecosystems, several states, territories, and nations have banned the sale and/or possession of sunscreens containing chemicals of concern. Little ... ...

    Abstract Given increasing concerns about the persistence and toxic effects of some sunscreen ingredients in aquatic ecosystems, several states, territories, and nations have banned the sale and/or possession of sunscreens containing chemicals of concern. Little is known, however, about the outcomes or effectiveness of these efforts to reduce the prevalence of toxic chemicals in coastal waters. This article reviews the state of knowledge relating to regulatory and other efforts to reduce the impact of chemical ingredients in sunscreens on aquatic ecosystems, focusing on the following questions: To what extent will local legislative restrictions on ingredients actually reduce the concentrations of chemicals in coastal waters and protect aquatic health? Do these legislative measures effectively decrease overall public use of sunscreens containing potentially harmful ingredients, or would other measures, such as local outreach programs, consumer education, or broad-scale ingredient regulation, be more effective? How might restrictions on chemical UV filters impact human health? Although it is still early to assess the outcomes of recent ingredient bans, their effectiveness is limited by the fact that legislation generally applies only to sunscreens sold within the legislating jurisdiction. Public awareness campaigns can be locally effective, but they are hindered by the absence of clear environmental labeling standards for sunscreen. Although retail and industry groups, and many dermatologists, cite concerns that sunscreen ingredient bans might lead to increased incidences of skin cancer, consumer preferences are influenced by a wide range of factors and no studies clearly document whether restrictions on chemical ingredients will cause people to use sun protection less frequently or less effectively. Until more information is available, many consider it prudent to take a precautionary approach to sunscreen regulation supported by broad-scale, consistent regulatory policies and labeling standards that limit chemical ingredients to those considered safe for human use and ecosystem health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:982-988. © 2021 SETAC.
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sunscreening Agents ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Chemical Substances Sunscreening Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2234931-5
    ISSN 1551-3793 ; 1551-3777
    ISSN (online) 1551-3793
    ISSN 1551-3777
    DOI 10.1002/ieam.4432
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  5. Book ; Conference proceedings: Challenges in the care of IBD in patients of all ages

    Levine, Arie / Forbes, Alastair / Probert, Chris

    Falk Symposium 190, London, October 2 - 3, 2013 ; 22 tables

    (Digestive diseases ; 32,4)

    2014  

    Event/congress Falk Symposium (190, 2013, London)
    Series title Digestive diseases ; 32,4
    Collection
    Keywords Chronische Darmentzündung
    Subject Inflammatory bowel disease ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Entzündliche Darmkrankheit ; Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung
    Language English
    Size S. 319 - 487 : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Karger
    Publishing place Basel u.a.
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    HBZ-ID HT018315295
    ISBN 978-3-318-02642-9 ; 3-318-02642-5 ; 9783318026436 ; 3318026433
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Zs A 1853 -32- not available for loan Zeitschriften-Lesesaal

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  6. Article ; Online: Consumer? Views and preferences of people receiving public mental health care in Australia on the terms used to refer to them.

    Lugg, William / Levine, Andrew / Boyd, Robert

    Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 435–440

    Abstract: Objectives: To understand: a) whether adults receiving public mental health care were aware they were officially referred to as 'consumers' and, b) their views and preferences on the terms used to refer to them.: Methods: Single-page, anonymous ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To understand: a) whether adults receiving public mental health care were aware they were officially referred to as 'consumers' and, b) their views and preferences on the terms used to refer to them.
    Methods: Single-page, anonymous survey conducted across two community mental health services in Northern New South Wales (NNSW). Ethics approval obtained from the local research office.
    Results: 108 people completed the survey with a response rate of approximately 22%. The vast majority (77%) of respondents were not aware that they were officially referred to as 'consumers'. 32% of respondents disliked the term 'consumer' and 11% found it offensive. Half preferred the term 'patient', particularly when consulting a psychiatrist (55%). A small minority (5-7%) preferred the term 'consumer' for any care interaction.
    Conclusion: Most respondents in this survey wished to be referred to as a 'patient' and a large proportion disliked being referred to as a 'consumer' or found it offensive. Further surveys should include broader sociodemographic and diagnostic/treatment variables. Official terms used to refer to people receiving public mental health care should be person-centred and evidence based.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Australia ; New South Wales ; Community Mental Health Services
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2213198-X
    ISSN 1440-1665 ; 1039-8562
    ISSN (online) 1440-1665
    ISSN 1039-8562
    DOI 10.1177/10398562231172414
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  7. Article ; Online: Human sweat contains oxytocin.

    Zagoory-Sharon, Orna / Levine, Ari / Feldman, Ruth

    Psychoneuroendocrinology

    2023  Volume 158, Page(s) 106407

    Abstract: Background: Oxytocin (OT) has been detected in various body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, breastmilk, and spinal fluid. Consistent with models that regard skin as a social organ and in line with studies demonstrating that skin cells express ... ...

    Abstract Background: Oxytocin (OT) has been detected in various body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, breastmilk, and spinal fluid. Consistent with models that regard skin as a social organ and in line with studies demonstrating that skin cells express both OT and its receptor, our study sought to examine the presence of OT in human sweat.
    Methods: Overall, 553 individuals participated in a pilot study and three experiments. Firstly, 50 participants provided sweat after engaging in various sports for different durations. Secondly, 26 participants provided sweat from forehead, upper-chest, forearm, and underarm, including 11 in natural setting and 15 following OT administration and a 30-minute exercise. Thirdly, of 435 volunteers, 97 provided sufficient axillary sweat for assaying. Of these, 84 participated in a naturalistic experiment that involved saliva and sweat collection in response to physical activity in either solitary or social settings. OT and testosterone (TS) were assayed in sweat and saliva.
    Results: Intense activity for at least 25 min was required to produce sufficient sweat for OT analysis. Highest OT levels were found in axillary sweat compared to sweat from the forehead, upper-chest, and forearm. Salivary OT and TS increased after both solitary and social physical activity; however, higher sweat OT was found after solitary sports. Post-hoc preliminary findings indicate that highly extroverted individuals exercising in solitary environments showed the highest sweat OT levels.
    Conclusions: Findings demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of OT in human sweat and show the feasibility of its measurement. Much further research is required to illuminate how sweat OT is impacted by personality and social context and to uncover the role of the skin in OT production.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Oxytocin ; Sweat ; Pilot Projects ; Saliva/chemistry ; Social Behavior ; Testosterone
    Chemical Substances Oxytocin (50-56-6) ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197636-9
    ISSN 1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
    ISSN (online) 1873-3360
    ISSN 0306-4530
    DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106407
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  8. Book ; Online: Languages, groups and equations

    Ciobanu, Laura / Levine, Alex

    2023  

    Abstract: The survey provides an overview of the work done in the last 10 years to characterise solutions to equations in groups in terms of formal languages. We begin with the work of Ciobanu, Diekert and Elder, who showed that solutions to systems of equations ... ...

    Abstract The survey provides an overview of the work done in the last 10 years to characterise solutions to equations in groups in terms of formal languages. We begin with the work of Ciobanu, Diekert and Elder, who showed that solutions to systems of equations in free groups in terms of reduced words are expressible as EDT0L languages. We provide a sketch of their algorithm, and describe how the free group results extend to hyperbolic groups. The characterisation of solutions as EDT0L languages is very robust, and many group constructions preserve this, as shown by Levine. The most recent progress in the area has been made for groups without negative curvature, such as virtually abelian, the integral Heisenberg group, or the soluble Baumslag-Solitar groups, where the approaches to describing the solutions are different from the negative curvature groups. In virtually abelian groups the solutions sets are in fact rational, and one can obtain them as $m$-regular sets. In the Heisenberg group producing the solutions to a single equation reduces to understanding the solutions to quadratic Diophantine equations and uses number theoretic techniques. In the Baumslag-Solitar groups the methods are combinatorial, and focus on the interplay of normal forms to solve particular classes of equations. In conclusion, EDT0L languages give an effective and simple combinatorial characterisation of sets of seemingly high complexity in many important classes of groups.

    Comment: 26 pages
    Keywords Mathematics - Group Theory ; Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; 20F10 ; 20F65 ; 03D05 ; 68Q45
    Subject code 512
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  9. Article ; Online: Biomedical research: Privacy rules.

    Levine, Alaina

    Nature

    2016  Volume 532, Issue 7598, Page(s) 273–274

    MeSH term(s) Archives ; Biomedical Research/ethics ; Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Confidentiality/ethics ; Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Informed Consent/ethics ; Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pedigree
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/nj7598-273a
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  10. Article ; Online: Relationships: Doctor's advice.

    Levine, Alaina

    Nature

    2016  Volume 533, Issue 7603, Page(s) 429–430

    MeSH term(s) Academic Dissertations as Topic ; Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate/methods ; Mentors ; Research Personnel/education ; Vocational Guidance/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/nj7603-429a
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