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Article ; Online: The Impact of Callous-Unemotional Traits on Achievement, Behaviors, and Relationships in School: A Systematic Review.

Levine, Rebecca S / Smith, Kelly / Wagner, Nicholas J

2022 Volume 54, Issue 6, Page(s) 1546–1566

Abstract: Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are associated with significant academic, behavioral, and relationship challenges in the school setting. Children with co-occurring DBDs and callous-unemotional (CU) traits show a distinct pattern of early starting, ... ...

Abstract	Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are associated with significant academic, behavioral, and relationship challenges in the school setting. Children with co-occurring DBDs and callous-unemotional (CU) traits show a distinct pattern of early starting, chronic, and aggressive disruptive behavior and are resistant to traditional DBD interventions. There is growing evidence that CU traits have important consequences for children's school functioning. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize research on CU traits in school with a focus on academics, relationships, and behavior. We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, and Education Full-Text to identify 37 empirical studies that met inclusionary criteria. Findings suggest that CU traits are associated with poor academic performance, high levels of aggression and conduct problems, and difficulty forming relationships at school, often above and beyond the impact of DBDs alone. Findings and future directions are discussed including how the current study can support key stakeholders in promoting the success of students with elevated CU traits.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Conduct Disorder/therapy ; Conduct Disorder/psychology ; Aggression/psychology ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; Problem Behavior ; Emotions
Chemical Substances	4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (7342-14-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	223895-0
ISSN	1573-3327 ; 0009-398X
ISSN (online)	1573-3327
ISSN	0009-398X
DOI	10.1007/s10578-022-01344-5
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Article ; Online: The Threat of Vector-Borne Diseases in Sierra Leone.

Jones, Robert T / Tytheridge, Scott J / Smith, Samuel J / Levine, Rebecca S / Hodges, Mary H / Ansumana, Rashid / Wulff, Sophie / Whitworth, Jimmy / Logan, James G

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2023 Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–21

Abstract: Sierra Leone is vulnerable to a wide range of vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, tsetse flies, black flies, and other vectors. Malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis have posed the greatest threat and have received the most ... ...

Abstract	Sierra Leone is vulnerable to a wide range of vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, tsetse flies, black flies, and other vectors. Malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis have posed the greatest threat and have received the most attention in terms of vector control and capacity for diagnosis. However, malaria infection rates remain high, and there is evidence of circulation of other vector-borne diseases, such as chikungunya and dengue, which may go undiagnosed and unreported. The limited understanding of the prevalence and transmission of these diseases restricts the capacity for predicting outbreaks, and impedes the planning of appropriate responses. We review the available literature and gather expert opinions from those working in the country to report on the status of vector-borne disease transmission and control in Sierra Leone, and present an assessment of the threats of these diseases. Our discussions highlight an absence of entomological testing for disease agents and the need for more investment in surveillance and capacity strengthening.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology ; Mosquito Vectors ; Culicidae ; Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.22-0495
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Article ; Online: Multi-Year Comparison of Community- and Species-Level West Nile Virus Antibody Prevalence in Birds from Atlanta, Georgia and Chicago, Illinois, 2005-2016.

McMillan, Joseph R / Hamer, Gabriel L / Levine, Rebecca S / Mead, Daniel G / Waller, Lance A / Goldberg, Tony L / Walker, Edward D / Brawn, Jeffrey D / Ruiz, Marilyn O / Kitron, Uriel / Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2022 Volume 108, Issue 2, Page(s) 366–376

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is prevalent in the United States but shows considerable variation in transmission intensity. The purpose of this study was to compare patterns of WNV seroprevalence in avian communities sampled in Atlanta, Georgia and Chicago, ... ...

Abstract	West Nile virus (WNV) is prevalent in the United States but shows considerable variation in transmission intensity. The purpose of this study was to compare patterns of WNV seroprevalence in avian communities sampled in Atlanta, Georgia and Chicago, Illinois during a 12-year period (Atlanta 2010-2016; Chicago 2005-2012) to reveal regional patterns of zoonotic activity of WNV. WNV antibodies were measured in wild bird sera using ELISA and serum neutralization methods, and seroprevalence among species, year, and location of sampling within each city were compared using binomial-distributed generalized linear mixed-effects models. Seroprevalence was highest in year-round and summer-resident species compared with migrants regardless of region; species explained more variance in seroprevalence within each city. Northern cardinals were the species most likely to test positive for WNV in each city, whereas all other species, on average, tested positive for WNV in proportion to their sample size. Despite similar patterns of seroprevalence among species, overall seroprevalence was higher in Atlanta (13.7%) than in Chicago (5%). Location and year of sampling had minor effects, with location explaining more variation in Atlanta and year explaining more variation in Chicago. Our findings highlight the nature and magnitude of regional differences in WNV urban ecology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology ; Birds ; Chicago/epidemiology ; Georgia/epidemiology ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/veterinary ; West Nile virus
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.21-1086
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Article ; Online: Limited spillover to humans from West Nile Virus viremic birds in Atlanta, Georgia.

Levine, Rebecca S / Mead, Daniel G / Kitron, Uriel D

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)

2013 Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) 812–817

Abstract: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that impacts the health of its passerine bird hosts as well as incidentally infected humans in the United States. Intensive enzootic activity among the hosts and vectors does not always lead to human ... ...

Abstract	West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that impacts the health of its passerine bird hosts as well as incidentally infected humans in the United States. Intensive enzootic activity among the hosts and vectors does not always lead to human outbreaks, as is the situation throughout much of the southeastern United States. In Georgia, substantial yearly evidence of WNV in the mosquito vectors and avian hosts since 2001 has only led to 324 human cases. Although virus has been consistently isolated from mosquitoes trapped in Atlanta, GA, little is known about viral activity among the passerine hosts. A possible reason for the suppression of WNV spillover to humans is that viremic birds are absent from high human-use areas of the city. To test this hypothesis, multiseason, multihabitat, longitudinal WNV surveillance for active WNV viremia was conducted within the avian host community of urban Atlanta by collection of blood samples from wild passerine birds in five urban microhabitats. WNV was isolated from the serum of six blood samples collected from 630 (0.95%) wild passerine birds in Atlanta during 2010-2012, a proportion similar to that found in the Chicago, IL, area in 2005, when over 200 human cases were reported. Most of the viremic birds were Northern Cardinals, suggesting they may be of particular importance to the WNV transmission cycle in Georgia. Results indicated active WNV transmission in all microhabitats of urban Atlanta, except in the old-growth forest patches. The number of viremic birds was highest in Zoo Atlanta, where 3.5% of samples were viremic. Although not significant, these observations may suggest a possible transmission reduction effect of urban old-growth forests and a potential role in WNV amplification for Zoo Atlanta. Overall, spillover to humans remains a rare occurrence in urban Atlanta settings despite active WNV transmission in the avian population.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology ; Bird Diseases/transmission ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Culicidae/virology ; Ecosystem ; Georgia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/virology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Passeriformes/virology ; Seasons ; Urban Population ; Viremia/veterinary ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/transmission ; West Nile Fever/veterinary ; West Nile virus/isolation & purification ; Zoonoses
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047199-3
ISSN	1557-7759 ; 1530-3667
ISSN (online)	1557-7759
ISSN	1530-3667
DOI	10.1089/vbz.2013.1342
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Article ; Online: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in two different populations of northern cardinals.

Russell, Marie C / Newton, Seth R / McClure, Katherine M / Levine, Rebecca S / Phelps, Lara P / Lindstrom, Andrew B / Strynar, Mark J

Chemosphere

2019 Volume 222, Page(s) 295–304

Abstract: The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a good indicator species for environmental contaminants because it does not migrate and its range covers a diversity of habitats, including metropolitan Atlanta, GA and the geographically isolated Hawaiian ...

Abstract	The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a good indicator species for environmental contaminants because it does not migrate and its range covers a diversity of habitats, including metropolitan Atlanta, GA and the geographically isolated Hawaiian Islands. In addition, the cardinal is often found near people's homes, making it likely to be exposed to the same outdoor elements, including soil, groundwater, and air, that surrounding humans experience. In this study, blood serum concentrations of 12 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in 40 cardinals from Atlanta and 17 cardinals from the Big Island (Hawaii), HI. We observed significantly higher median concentrations of four PFASs and significantly higher detection frequencies of seven PFASs in the cardinals from Atlanta, relative to the PFAS median concentrations and detection frequencies observed in the cardinals from Hawaii (α = 0.05). Among the PFASs measured, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was observed in the highest concentrations. A linear regression model controlling for sex, age, and airport distance did not explain PFOS variation within the Atlanta samples, but a similar model explained 90% of PFOS variation within the Hawaii samples. To our knowledge, these are the first measurements of PFASs in northern cardinals.
MeSH term(s)	Alkanesulfonic Acids/blood ; Animals ; Birds/blood ; Birds/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Fluorocarbons/blood ; Georgia ; Hawaii ; Humans ; Sentinel Species/blood ; Sentinel Species/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (9H2MAI21CL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.112
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Article: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in two different populations of northern cardinals

Russell, Marie C / Newton, Seth R / McClure, Katherine M / Levine, Rebecca S / Phelps, Lara P / Lindstrom, Andrew B / Strynar, Mark J

Elsevier Ltd Chemosphere. 2019 May, v. 222

2019

Abstract	The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a good indicator species for environmental contaminants because it does not migrate and its range covers a diversity of habitats, including metropolitan Atlanta, GA and the geographically isolated Hawaiian Islands. In addition, the cardinal is often found near people's homes, making it likely to be exposed to the same outdoor elements, including soil, groundwater, and air, that surrounding humans experience. In this study, blood serum concentrations of 12 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in 40 cardinals from Atlanta and 17 cardinals from the Big Island (Hawaii), HI. We observed significantly higher median concentrations of four PFASs and significantly higher detection frequencies of seven PFASs in the cardinals from Atlanta, relative to the PFAS median concentrations and detection frequencies observed in the cardinals from Hawaii (α = 0.05). Among the PFASs measured, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was observed in the highest concentrations. A linear regression model controlling for sex, age, and airport distance did not explain PFOS variation within the Atlanta samples, but a similar model explained 90% of PFOS variation within the Hawaii samples. To our knowledge, these are the first measurements of PFASs in northern cardinals.
Keywords	Cardinalis cardinalis ; air ; blood serum ; groundwater ; habitats ; humans ; indicator species ; models ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ; pollution ; regression analysis ; soil ; Georgia ; Hawaii
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-05
Size	p. 295-304.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.112
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Avian species diversity and transmission of West Nile virus in Atlanta, Georgia

Levine, RebeccaS / David L. Hedeen / Meghan W. Hedeen / Gabriel L. Hamer / Daniel G. Mead / Uriel D. Kitron

Parasites & vectors. 2017 Dec., v. 10, no. 1

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The dilution effect is the reduction in vector-borne pathogen transmission associated with the presence of diverse potential host species, some of which are incompetent. It is popularized as the notion that increased biodiversity leads to ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The dilution effect is the reduction in vector-borne pathogen transmission associated with the presence of diverse potential host species, some of which are incompetent. It is popularized as the notion that increased biodiversity leads to decreased rates of disease. West Nile virus (WNV) is an endemic mosquito-borne virus in the United States that is maintained in a zoonotic cycle involving various avian host species. In Atlanta, Georgia, substantial WNV presence in the vector and host species has not translated into a high number of human cases. METHODS: To determine whether a dilution effect was contributing to this reduced transmission, we characterized the host species community composition and performed WNV surveillance of hosts and vectors in urban Atlanta between 2010 and 2011. We tested the relationship between host diversity and both host seroprevalence and vector infection rates using a negative binomial generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: Regardless of how we measured host diversity or whether we considered host seroprevalence and vector infection rates as predictor variables or outcome variables, we did not detect a dilution effect. Rather, we detected an amplification effect, in which increased host diversity resulted in increased seroprevalence or infection rates; this is the first empirical evidence for this effect in a mosquito-borne system. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that this effect may be driven by an over-abundance of moderately- to poorly-competent host species, such as northern cardinals and members of the Mimid family, which cause optimal hosts to become rarer and present primarily in species-rich areas. Our results support the notion that dilution or amplification effects depend more on the identities of the species comprising the host community than on the absolute diversity of hosts.
Keywords	Cardinalis cardinalis ; West Nile virus ; arboviruses ; birds ; community structure ; hosts ; humans ; monitoring ; pathogens ; seroprevalence ; species diversity ; statistical models ; Georgia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 62.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-017-1999-6
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Article ; Online: Avian species diversity and transmission of West Nile virus in Atlanta, Georgia.

Levine, Rebecca S / Hedeen, David L / Hedeen, Meghan W / Hamer, Gabriel L / Mead, Daniel G / Kitron, Uriel D

Parasites & vectors

2017 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 62

Abstract: Background: The dilution effect is the reduction in vector-borne pathogen transmission associated with the presence of diverse potential host species, some of which are incompetent. It is popularized as the notion that increased biodiversity leads to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The dilution effect is the reduction in vector-borne pathogen transmission associated with the presence of diverse potential host species, some of which are incompetent. It is popularized as the notion that increased biodiversity leads to decreased rates of disease. West Nile virus (WNV) is an endemic mosquito-borne virus in the United States that is maintained in a zoonotic cycle involving various avian host species. In Atlanta, Georgia, substantial WNV presence in the vector and host species has not translated into a high number of human cases. Methods: To determine whether a dilution effect was contributing to this reduced transmission, we characterized the host species community composition and performed WNV surveillance of hosts and vectors in urban Atlanta between 2010 and 2011. We tested the relationship between host diversity and both host seroprevalence and vector infection rates using a negative binomial generalized linear mixed model. Results: Regardless of how we measured host diversity or whether we considered host seroprevalence and vector infection rates as predictor variables or outcome variables, we did not detect a dilution effect. Rather, we detected an amplification effect, in which increased host diversity resulted in increased seroprevalence or infection rates; this is the first empirical evidence for this effect in a mosquito-borne system. Conclusions: We suggest that this effect may be driven by an over-abundance of moderately- to poorly-competent host species, such as northern cardinals and members of the Mimid family, which cause optimal hosts to become rarer and present primarily in species-rich areas. Our results support the notion that dilution or amplification effects depend more on the identities of the species comprising the host community than on the absolute diversity of hosts.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Biodiversity ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology ; Bird Diseases/transmission ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Birds/classification ; Birds/parasitology ; Culicidae/virology ; Female ; Georgia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/transmission ; West Nile Fever/veterinary ; West Nile Fever/virology ; West Nile virus/isolation & purification ; West Nile virus/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-017-1999-6
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Article ; Online: Enhanced vector surveillance to control arbovirus epidemics in Colombia.

Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J / Ardila Roldan, Susana Carolina / Santacoloma, Liliana / Luna, Cesar / Cordovez Alvarez, Juan Manuel / Rojas Gacha, Juan David / Mansur, Mariana / Levine, Rebecca S / Lenhart, Audrey / Oviedo, Patricia Fuya

Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health

2019 Volume 43, Page(s) e50

Abstract: In the wake of the Zika epidemic, there has been intensified interest in the surveillance and control of the arbovirus ... ...

Abstract	In the wake of the Zika epidemic, there has been intensified interest in the surveillance and control of the arbovirus vectors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1376934-0
ISSN	1680-5348 ; 1020-4989
ISSN (online)	1680-5348
ISSN	1020-4989
DOI	10.26633/RPSP.2019.50
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Article ; Online: Recent Increase in COVID-19 Cases Reported Among Adults Aged 18-22 Years - United States, May 31-September 5, 2020.

Salvatore, Phillip P / Sula, Erisa / Coyle, Jayme P / Caruso, Elise / Smith, Amanda R / Levine, Rebecca S / Baack, Brittney N / Mir, Roger / Lockhart, Edward R / Tiwari, Tejpratap S P / Dee, Deborah L / Boehmer, Tegan K / Jackson, Brendan R / Bhattarai, Achuyt

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2020 Volume 69, Issue 39, Page(s) 1419–1424

Abstract: Although children and young adults are reportedly at lower risk for severe disease and death from infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), than are persons in other age groups (1), younger persons can ... ...

Abstract	Although children and young adults are reportedly at lower risk for severe disease and death from infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), than are persons in other age groups (1), younger persons can experience infection and subsequently transmit infection to those at higher risk for severe illness (2-4). Although at lower risk for severe disease, some young adults experience serious illness, and asymptomatic or mild cases can result in sequelae such as myocardial inflammation (5). In the United States, approximately 45% of persons aged 18-22 years were enrolled in colleges and universities in 2019 (6). As these institutions reopen, opportunities for infection increase; therefore, mitigation efforts and monitoring reports of COVID-19 cases among young adults are important. During August 2-September 5, weekly incidence of COVID-19 among persons aged 18-22 years rose by 55.1% nationally; across U.S. Census regions,* increases were greatest in the Northeast, where incidence increased 144.0%, and Midwest, where incidence increased 123.4%. During the same period, changes in testing volume for SARS-CoV-2 in this age group ranged from a 6.2% decline in the West to a 170.6% increase in the Northeast. In addition, the proportion of cases in this age group among non-Hispanic White (White) persons increased from 33.8% to 77.3% during May 31-September 5. Mitigation and preventive measures targeted to young adults can likely reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission among their contacts and communities. As colleges and universities resume operations, taking steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among young adults is critical (7).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e4
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