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Article ; Online: Cross-state Border Nicotine Vaping Products Purchase - Early Evidence from State Emergency Sales Restrictions in 2019.

Cheng, Kai-Wen / Liber, Alex C / Levy, David T

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2024

Abstract: Introduction: While retail sales and retailer inspection studies generally indicate high compliance with state sales restrictions on Nicotine Vaping Products (NVPs) within the restricted area, studies using survey data generally indicate that most users ...

Abstract	Introduction: While retail sales and retailer inspection studies generally indicate high compliance with state sales restrictions on Nicotine Vaping Products (NVPs) within the restricted area, studies using survey data generally indicate that most users could readily continue gaining access to restricted NVPs. Our study bridges a gap in the current literature and investigates the potential role of cross-state border purchases to evade state emergency NVP sales restrictions in 2019. Methods: The study sample was restricted to NVP sales from the states neighboring Massachusetts (MA), Rhode Island (RI), and Washington (WA), three states that implemented all NVP or flavored NVP sales restrictions in 2019. Among these neighboring states, the 2019 weekly county-level NVP sales by flavors (tobacco, mint/menthol, and other flavors) were compiled using Nielsen Scanner data. A quasi-experimental, comparison group pre-post study design was used to study the impacts of NVP sales restrictions on cross-state border NVP purchases. Results: Weekly NVP sales for border counties significantly increased in response to the MA, RI, and WA bans for tobacco flavored (56%, 45%, 14%, respectively), menthol/mint flavored (51%, 2%, 41%, respectively), and other flavored (79%, 3%, 4%, respectively) products, compared to sales for non-border counties (all p-values <0.01). Conclusions: Our study identified significant cross-state border NVP purchases in all studied states to circumvent NVP emergency sales restrictions in response to the EVALI outbreak. Policymakers should factor in these purchasing behaviors to evade sales restrictions when evaluating any future potential policies at the state or local levels. Implications: While retail sales data and retailer inspections indicate high compliance with Nicotine Vaping Product (NVP) flavor sales restrictions from major retail outlets, survey data obtain mixed findings on the effects of sales restrictions on vaping behaviors. Our study identified a significant increase in cross-state border NVP purchases to circumvent NVP sales restrictions in 2019, consistent across all three settings of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington. Policymakers should factor in these cross-state border NVP purchases in response to sales restrictions when evaluating any future potential NVP sales restrictions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntae017
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Zs.A 5789: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Association between cigar use, with and without cigarettes, and incident diagnosed COPD: a longitudinal cohort study.

Cook, Steven / Buszkiewicz, James H / Levy, David T / Meza, Rafael / Fleischer, Nancy L

Respiratory research

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Background: While regular cigar smoking is believed to carry similar health risks as regular cigarette smoking, the impact of cigar use, alone or in combination with cigarettes, on obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been well characterized. ... ...

Abstract	Background: While regular cigar smoking is believed to carry similar health risks as regular cigarette smoking, the impact of cigar use, alone or in combination with cigarettes, on obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association between exclusive and dual cigar and cigarette use and incident self-reported diagnosed COPD. Methods: This study used data from Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. Longitudinal data from adults aged 40 to 79 at Wave 1, without a pre-existing COPD diagnosis who participated at follow-up interview were analyzed. A time-varying current tobacco exposure, lagged by one wave and categorized as: (a) never/non-current use; (b) exclusive cigar use; (c) exclusive cigarette use; and (d) dual cigar/cigarette use. Multivariable models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race or ethnicity, education), clinical risk factors (asthma, obesity), and smoking-related confounders (second-hand smoke exposure, other combustible tobacco product use, e-cigarette use, time since quitting, cigarette pack-years). The incidence of self-reported diagnosed COPD was estimated using discrete-time survival models, using a general linear modeling (GLM) approach with a binomial distribution and a complementary log-log link function. Results: The analytic sample consisted of 9,556 adults with a mean (SD) age of 56 (10.4), who were predominately female (52.8%) and Non-Hispanic White (70.8%). A total of 906 respondents reported a diagnosis of COPD at follow-up. In the fully adjusted model, exclusive cigar use (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 0.77, 3.21) was not associated with increased COPD risk compared to non-use, while exclusive cigarette use (aHR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.93) and dual cigar/cigarette use (aHR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.85) were. Conclusions: Exclusive cigarette use and dual cigar/cigarette use were associated with diagnosed incident COPD. These results suggest that cigars, when used in combination with cigarettes, may be associated with poorer COPD health outcomes. Dual use may promote a higher likelihood of inhaling cigar smoke, and future research would benefit from examining whether inhalation of cigar smoke increases COPD risk.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041675-1
ISSN	1465-993X ; 1465-993X
ISSN (online)	1465-993X
ISSN	1465-993X
DOI	10.1186/s12931-023-02649-2
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Association between cigar use, with and without cigarettes, and incident diagnosed COPD: a longitudinal cohort study.

Cook, Steven / Buszkiewicz, James H / Levy, David T / Meza, Rafael / Fleischer, Nancy L

Respiratory research

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 98

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2041675-1
ISSN	1465-993X ; 1465-993X
ISSN (online)	1465-993X
ISSN	1465-993X
DOI	10.1186/s12931-024-02728-y
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Article ; Online: Communicating accurate and complete information.

Levy, David T

Addictive behaviors

2017 Volume 76, Page(s) 386–387

MeSH term(s)	Harm Reduction ; Health Communication/methods ; Humans ; Risk ; Tobacco Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.031
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Article ; Online: The Kentucky SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use.

Sánchez-Romero, Luz María / Yuan, Zhe / Li, Yameng / Levy, David T

International journal of health policy and management

2022 Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) 592–609

Abstract: Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) prevalence was decreasing in Kentucky before 2007, but has since increased. This study examines the impact of policies on cigarette and SLT use by applying the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) prevalence was decreasing in Kentucky before 2007, but has since increased. This study examines the impact of policies on cigarette and SLT use by applying the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model. Methods: Using data from the large-scale Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) and information on state-specific tobacco policies, Kentucky SimSmoke is updated and extended to incorporate exclusive SLT and dual cigarette and SLT use. The model is validated using survey data through 2017. The model was used to estimate the impact on smoking and SLT prevalence and attributable deaths of policies implemented between 1993 and 2018 and the impact of stronger future policies implemented in 2018 and maintained through 2060. Results: SimSmoke generally reflects trends in exclusive cigarette use from the TUS-CPS and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), but underestimated the increase in SLT prevalence in recent years. SimSmoke projects that policies implemented between 1993 and 2018 reduced male and female cigarette use by 23.7% and 23.0%, and male and female SLT use by 4.9% by 2018, averting 9018 tobacco-attributable deaths by 2018, increasing to 89 547 by 2060. The largest reductions in cigarette and SLT use were attributed to cigarette price increases. Strengthening tobacco control policies could reduce smoking prevalence by 41% and 40%, and reduce SLT prevalence by 33% and 25% for males and females by 2060. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cigarette-oriented policies were effective in reducing SLT use but have been less successful in recent years. Future use rates can be further reduced through more restrictive statewide policies, which also target non-combustible nicotine products.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Kentucky/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Public Policy ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Use/epidemiology ; Tobacco Use/prevention & control ; Tobacco, Smokeless
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2724317-5
ISSN	2322-5939 ; 2322-5939
ISSN (online)	2322-5939
ISSN	2322-5939
DOI	10.34172/ijhpm.2020.187
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Article ; Online: Associations Between E-cigarette Use and E-cigarette Flavors With Cigarette Smoking Quit Attempts and Quit Success: Evidence From a U.S. Large, Nationally Representative 2018-2019 Survey.

Mok, Yoonseo / Jeon, Jihyoun / Levy, David T / Meza, Rafael

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2022 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 541–552

Abstract: Introduction: Although many studies have examined the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, fewer have considered the impact of e-cigarette flavors on cessation outcomes. This study extends previous studies by examining the effects ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Although many studies have examined the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, fewer have considered the impact of e-cigarette flavors on cessation outcomes. This study extends previous studies by examining the effects of e-cigarette use and e-cigarette flavors on quit attempts and quit success of smoking. Aims and methods: We used data from the 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between flavored e-cigarette use with quit attempts and quit success of smoking among individuals who smoked 12 months ago. Two current e-cigarette use definitions were used in these logistic regression analyses; currently use every day or some days versus 20+ days in the past 30 days. Results: Compared to those not using e-cigarettes, current every day or someday e-cigarette use with all nontobacco flavors had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.9 (95% CI: 2.4 to 3.5) for quit attempts and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2) for quit success. 20+ days e-cigarette use with flavors had stronger associations with quit attempts (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 3.1 to 5.5) and quit success (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.9 to 5.4). E-cigarette users with nontobacco flavors were more likely to succeed in quitting compared to those exclusively using non-flavored or tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes. Menthol or mint flavor users had slightly higher odds of quit attempts and success than users of other nontobacco flavors. Conclusions: E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making smoking quit attempts and quit success. Those using flavored e-cigarettes, particularly menthol or mint, are more likely to quit successfully. Implications: E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making a quit attempt and quit success, and those using flavored e-cigarettes are more likely to successfully quit smoking, with no statistically significant differences between the use of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes versus the use of other nontobacco flavored products. This suggests that the potential for e-cigarettes to help people who currently smoke quit could be maintained with the availability of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes, even if other nontobacco flavored products, which are associated with e-cigarette use among youth, were removed from the market.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Cigarette Smoking/epidemiology ; Nicotiana ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Vaping/epidemiology ; Menthol ; Flavoring Agents ; Tobacco Products
Chemical Substances	Menthol (1490-04-6) ; Flavoring Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntac241
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Zs.A 5789: Show issues

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Tobacco 21 Laws in Europe: A Policy Whose Time Has Come.

Levy, David T / Meza, Rafael

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2019 Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) 1250–1251

Abstract: Introduction: A 21 tobacco age of sale has been proposed for European nations.: Methods: We briefly review past studies of underage purchase policies and their enforcement.: Results: Past evaluations and modeling studies indicate important public ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: A 21 tobacco age of sale has been proposed for European nations. Methods: We briefly review past studies of underage purchase policies and their enforcement. Results: Past evaluations and modeling studies indicate important public health gains from 21 tobacco age of sale laws. However, further attention should be given to issues of compliance, the availability of social sources, and the breadth of coverage. In particular, the application of the law to e-cigarettes merits further attention. Conclusions: Past literature indicates potential benefits of a 21 tobacco age of sale in terms of reducing tobacco use in European nations. Implications: We review past studies of underage purchase laws, and the potential implications of applying that law to e-cigarettes. Past studies indicate the effectiveness of raising tobacco age of sale laws to 21. This law should be implemented and enforced in Europe.
MeSH term(s)	Commerce ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Europe ; Smoking ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntz197
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Zs.A 5789: Show issues

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Article ; Online: How do users compare the costs between nicotine vaping products and cigarettes? Findings from the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control United States surveys.

He, Yanyun / Liber, Alex / Driezen, Pete / Thompson, Mary E / Levy, David T / Fong, Geoffrey T / Cummings, K Michael / Shang, Ce

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2024 Volume 119, Issue 5, Page(s) 885–897

Abstract: Background and aims: Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) can potentially help adult tobacco users quit smoking. This study evaluated how adult consumers compare the costs between NVPs and cigarettes.: Method: We used data from the US arm of the 2016-2020 ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) can potentially help adult tobacco users quit smoking. This study evaluated how adult consumers compare the costs between NVPs and cigarettes. Method: We used data from the US arm of the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) surveys to perform a multinomial logit model with two-way fixed effects to measure how perceived cost comparisons are associated with NVP and cigarette taxes, use patterns, NVP device types and individual sociodemographic factors. Results: Higher cigarette taxes are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving NVPs and cigarettes as costing the same for the overall population and among people who exclusively smoke, and a lower likelihood of perceiving NVPs as more expensive among people who exclusively vape, compared with lower cigarette taxes. Pre-filled cartridge and tank users are more likely to perceive NVPs as less expensive than cigarettes, compared with people who use other types of NVPs. The associations between taxes and perceived cost comparison were more pronounced among males, younger and low-income populations. Conclusions: Higher cigarette taxes are associated with perceived financial incentives for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) over cigarettes, whereas NVP taxes are not associated with perceived cost comparison between NVPs and cigarettes.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; United States ; Vaping/epidemiology ; Nicotine ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Control ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.16425
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Zs.B 551: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Corrigendum: Modeling the future of tobacco control: Using SimSmoke to explore the feasibility of the tobacco endgame in Korea.

Kim, Hana / Park, Susan / Kang, Heewon / Kang, Naeun / Levy, David T / Cho, Sung-Il

Tobacco induced diseases

2023 Volume 21, Page(s) 160

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tid/174127.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tid/174127.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2194616-4
ISSN	1617-9625 ; 1617-9625
ISSN (online)	1617-9625
ISSN	1617-9625
DOI	10.18332/tid/176286
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Article ; Online: Trends in US Adult Smoking Prevalence, 2011 to 2022.

Meza, Rafael / Cao, Pianpian / Jeon, Jihyoun / Warner, Kenneth E / Levy, David T

JAMA health forum

2023 Volume 4, Issue 12, Page(s) e234213

Abstract: Importance: President Biden recently prioritized the fight against smoking as key to reducing cancer mortality.: Objective: To assess trends in smoking and illuminate the association between smoking and reducing deaths due to cancer.: Design, ... ...

Abstract	Importance: President Biden recently prioritized the fight against smoking as key to reducing cancer mortality. Objective: To assess trends in smoking and illuminate the association between smoking and reducing deaths due to cancer. Design, setting, and participants: This cross-sectional study used responses to National Health Interview Surveys from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022, to characterize trends in current smoking for key sociodemographic groups among US adults. Exposures: Age (18-24, 25-39, 40-64, and ≥65 years), family income (<200%, 200%-399%, and ≥400% of the federal poverty level [FPL]), educational level (less than high school, high school degree or General Educational Development, some college, and college degree or above), and race and ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White, and other). Main outcomes and measures: Weighted current smoking prevalence with 95% CIs by analysis group from 2011 to 2022. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) in smoking prevalence by analysis group is calculated using Joinpoint regression. Results: Data from 353 555 adults surveyed by the National Health Interview Surveys from 2011 to 2022 were included (12.6% Black, 15.0% Hispanic, 65.2% White, and 7.3% other race or ethnicity). Overall, smoking prevalence decreased among adults aged 18 to 24 years from 19.2% (95% CI, 17.5%-20.9%) in 2011 to 4.9% (95% CI, 3.7%-6.0%) in 2022 at an AAPC of -11.3% (95% CI, -13.2% to -9.4%), while it remained roughly constant among adults 65 years or older at 8.7% (95% CI, 7.9%-9.5%) in 2011 and 9.4% (95% CI, 8.7%-10.2%) in 2022 (AAPC, -0.1% [95% CI, -0.8% to 0.7%]). Among adults 65 years or older, smoking prevalence increased from 13.0% (95% CI, 11.2%-14.7%) in 2011 to 15.8% (95% CI, 14.1%-17.6%) for those with income less than 200% FPL (AAPC, 1.1% [95% CI, 0.1%-2.1%]) and remained roughly constant with no significant change for those of higher income. Similar age patterns are seen across educational level and racial and ethnic groups. Conclusions and relevance: This cross-sectional study found that smoking prevalence decreased from 2011 to 2022 in all age groups except adults 65 years or older, with faster decreases among younger than older adults. These findings suggest that the greatest gains in terms of reducing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality could be achieved by focusing on individuals with low socioeconomic status, as this population has the highest smoking rates and the worst health prospects.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnicity ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Neoplasms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2689-0186
ISSN (online)	2689-0186
DOI	10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.4213
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