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  1. Article ; Online: Congenital anomalies during Covid-19: artifact of surveillance or a real TORCH?

    Auger, Nathalie / Arbour, Laura / Lewin, Antoine / Brousseau, Émilie / Healy-Profitós, Jessica / Luu, Thuy Mai

    European journal of epidemiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Infections in the first trimester of pregnancy can be teratogenic, but the possibility that Covid-19 could lead to birth defects is unclear. We examined whether SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or exposure to pandemic conditions were associated with ...

    Abstract Infections in the first trimester of pregnancy can be teratogenic, but the possibility that Covid-19 could lead to birth defects is unclear. We examined whether SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or exposure to pandemic conditions were associated with the risk of congenital anomalies. We carried out a retrospective study of 420,222 neonates born in Quebec, Canada in two time periods: prepandemic (January 1, 2017 to March 12, 2020) vs. pandemic (March 13, 2020 to March 31, 2022). We classified pandemic births as early (first trimester completed before the pandemic) or late (first trimester during the pandemic), and identified patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy. We applied (1) adjusted log-binomial regression models to assess the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and congenital anomalies, and (2) autoregressive interrupted time series regression to analyze temporal trends in the monthly number of defects in all patients regardless of infection. In total, 29,263 newborns (7.0%) had a congenital anomaly. First trimester SARS-CoV-2 infections were not associated with a greater risk of birth defects compared with no infection (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.59-1.95). However, births during the late pandemic period were more likely to be diagnosed with congenital microcephaly compared with prepandemic births (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21-1.71). Interrupted time series analysis confirmed that the frequency of microcephaly increased during the late pandemic period, whereas other anomalies did not. We conclude that Covid-19 is likely not teratogenic, but enhanced surveillance of anomalies among late pandemic births may have heightened the detection of infants with microcephaly.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632614-6
    ISSN 1573-7284 ; 0393-2990
    ISSN (online) 1573-7284
    ISSN 0393-2990
    DOI 10.1007/s10654-024-01122-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Underlying Causes of Ethnocultural Inequality in Pregnancy Outcomes: Role of Hospital Proximity.

    Auger, Nathalie / Bilodeau-Bertrand, Marianne / Lafleur, Nahantara / Lewin, Antoine

    Journal of immigrant and minority health

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 54–62

    Abstract: We evaluated the contribution of place of birth to ethnocultural inequality in pregnancy outcomes. We analyzed a cohort of 1,487,723 births between 1998 and 2019 among minority Anglophones and majority Francophones in Quebec, Canada. We estimated the ... ...

    Abstract We evaluated the contribution of place of birth to ethnocultural inequality in pregnancy outcomes. We analyzed a cohort of 1,487,723 births between 1998 and 2019 among minority Anglophones and majority Francophones in Quebec, Canada. We estimated the association (adjusted risk ratio, RR; 95% confidence interval, CI) of language with preterm birth and stillbirth, and incorporated interaction terms to determine the contribution of place of birth and distance traveled. Compared with Francophones, minority Anglophones had a greater risk of preterm birth (RR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and were less likely to deliver farther from home (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.94-0.95). Anglophones who delivered close to home had a higher risk of preterm birth (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04-1.11), whereas Anglophones who delivered farther had a lower risk (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.64-0.75). Patterns were similar for stillbirth. Ethnocultural inequality in adverse birth outcomes may be influenced by place of birth.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Stillbirth/epidemiology ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Quebec/epidemiology ; Canada
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2220162-2
    ISSN 1557-1920 ; 1557-1912
    ISSN (online) 1557-1920
    ISSN 1557-1912
    DOI 10.1007/s10903-023-01545-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Relevance of haemoglobin monitoring in apheresis plasma donors: A retrospective cohort study in Québec, Canada.

    Lewin, Antoine / Germain, Marc / Renaud, Christian / Robitaille, Nancy / Latour, Catherine

    Vox sanguinis

    2023  Volume 118, Issue 12, Page(s) 1041–1045

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Systematically measuring pre-donation haemoglobin (Hb) levels might be overly cautious for apheresis plasma donation, since plasmapheresis entails a small loss of red blood cells. We explored the association between the ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Systematically measuring pre-donation haemoglobin (Hb) levels might be overly cautious for apheresis plasma donation, since plasmapheresis entails a small loss of red blood cells. We explored the association between the frequency of apheresis plasma donation and capillary blood Hb levels.
    Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included donors who gave apheresis plasma at least twice between 24 October 2020 and 23 October 2022 in Québec, Canada. Results were stratified by sex and analysed with linear repeated-measure mixed models with random intercepts.
    Results: In total, 9535 men (mean age = 46.7 years) and 9409 women (mean age = 41.1 years) made ≥2, but no more than 16 apheresis plasma donations. Over an average of 9.2 months of observation, men maintained Hb levels well above the Hb deferral threshold, and their Hb levels decreased by only 0.17 g/dL between the 1st and 15th donation return (p < 0.0001). Over an average of 9.0 months of observation, women also maintained adequate Hb levels, and their Hb levels decreased by 0.08 g/dL between the 1st and 15th donation return.
    Conclusion: The frequency of apheresis plasma donation was not associated with clinically meaningful changes in Hb levels, neither in men nor in women. This evidence questions the relevance of systematically monitoring Hb for apheresis plasma donation, at least for donation frequencies of ≤7-8 times per year. However, an adverse impact of plasmapheresis on Hb levels cannot be ruled out for individuals donating more frequently or for longer than ~9 months.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Quebec ; Retrospective Studies ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Blood Component Removal ; Erythrocytes/chemistry ; Blood Donors
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80313-3
    ISSN 1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
    ISSN (online) 1423-0410
    ISSN 0042-9007
    DOI 10.1111/vox.13523
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Active seeking of post-donation information to minimize a potential threat to transfusion safety: A pilot programme in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Lewin, Antoine / Renaud, Christian / Boivin, Amélie / Germain, Marc

    Vox sanguinis

    2021  Volume 117, Issue 4, Page(s) 597–600

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Early in the pandemic, the transmissibility of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) by transfusion was unknown. We piloted a systematic, post-donation outreach programme to contact blood donors and inquired about symptoms post- ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Early in the pandemic, the transmissibility of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) by transfusion was unknown. We piloted a systematic, post-donation outreach programme to contact blood donors and inquired about symptoms post-donation.
    Materials and methods: Persons who donated on on May 1 and 2, 2020 were contacted 3 days post-donation, by phone to assess COVID-19-related symptoms. Half of the donors were administered a short questionnaire, consisting of only three questions. Others were questioned using a longer, more specific questionnaire. If symptoms were reported, products were quarantined until donors were contacted again by a trained nurse who more thoroughly assessed the likelihood of COVID-19. Blood products were withdrawn if symptoms indicative of COVID-19 were identified.
    Results: Of 654 donors, 609 (93.1%) were successfully contacted. Of 310 donors who answered the short questionnaire and 299 who answered the long questionnaire, 19 (6.1%) and 8 (2.7%) had one or more symptoms, respectively. Based on the nurses' assessment, two donations (0.3%) had to be withdrawn.
    Conclusion: These results suggest that actively seeking post-donation information might be feasible to mitigate emerging, unqualified transfusion risks.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pilot Projects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80313-3
    ISSN 1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
    ISSN (online) 1423-0410
    ISSN 0042-9007
    DOI 10.1111/vox.13218
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Social Media and Selfie-Related Mortality Amid COVID-19: Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

    Kang-Auger, Sarit / Lewin, Antoine / Ayoub, Aimina / Bilodeau-Bertrand, Marianne / Marcoux, Sophie / Auger, Nathalie

    JMIR formative research

    2023  Volume 7, Page(s) e42857

    Abstract: Background: COVID-19 had a considerable impact on mortality, but its effect on behaviors associated with social media remains unclear. As travel decreased due to lockdowns during the pandemic, selfie-related mortality may have decreased, as fewer ... ...

    Abstract Background: COVID-19 had a considerable impact on mortality, but its effect on behaviors associated with social media remains unclear. As travel decreased due to lockdowns during the pandemic, selfie-related mortality may have decreased, as fewer individuals were taking smartphone photographs in risky locations.
    Objective: In this study, we examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in selfie-related mortality.
    Methods: We identified fatal selfie-related injuries reported in web-based news reports worldwide between March 2014 and April 2021, including the deaths of individuals attempting a selfie photograph or anyone else present during the incident. The main outcome measure was the total number of selfie-related deaths per month. We used interrupted time series regression to estimate the monthly change in the number of selfie-related deaths over time, comparing the period before the pandemic (March 2014 to February 2020) with the period during the pandemic (March 2020 to April 2021).
    Results: The study included a total of 332 selfie-related deaths occurring between March 2014 and April 2021, with 18 (5.4%) deaths during the pandemic. Most selfie-related deaths occurred in India (n=153, 46.1%) and involved men (n=221, 66.6%) and young individuals (n=296, 89.2%). During the pandemic, two-thirds of selfie-related deaths were due to falls, whereas a greater proportion of selfie-related deaths before the pandemic were due to drowning. Based on interrupted time series regression, there was an average of 1.3 selfie-related deaths per month during the pandemic, compared with 4.3 deaths per month before the pandemic. The number of selfie-related deaths decreased by 2.6 in the first month of the pandemic alone and continued to decrease thereafter.
    Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked decrease in selfie-related mortality, suggesting that lockdowns and travel restrictions likely prevented hazardous selfie-taking. The decrease in selfie-related mortality occurred despite a potential increase in social media use during the pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2561-326X
    ISSN (online) 2561-326X
    DOI 10.2196/42857
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Lockdowns and cycling injuries: temporal analysis of rates in Quebec during the first year of the pandemic.

    Auger, Nathalie / Lewin, Antoine / Brousseau, Émilie / Ayoub, Aimina / Blaser, Christine / Luu, Thuy Mai

    Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 330–337

    Abstract: Introduction: Cycling increased in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact on cycling injuries is not known. We examined the effect of lockdowns on cycling injury hospitalizations.: Methods: We identified hospitalizations for cycling ... ...

    Title translation Les confinements et les blessures à vélo : une analyse temporelle des taux de blessures au Québec au cours de la première année de la pandémie.
    Abstract Introduction: Cycling increased in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact on cycling injuries is not known. We examined the effect of lockdowns on cycling injury hospitalizations.
    Methods: We identified hospitalizations for cycling injuries in Quebec, Canada, between April 2006 and March 2021. We used rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare hospitalization rates by type of cycling injury and anatomical site during two waves of the pandemic. We performed interrupted time series regression to assess the effect of lockdowns on monthly cycling injury hospitalization rates, according to age, sex and other characteristics.
    Results: There were 2020 hospitalizations for cycling injuries between March 2020 and March 2021, including 617 during the first lockdown and 67 during the second lockdown. Compared with the period before the pandemic, risk of cycling-related injuries during the first lockdown increased the most for fractures (RR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.26- 1.64) and head and neck injuries (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.19-2.12). Cycling injury hospitalization rates increased significantly among adults, adolescents and individuals from socioeconomically advantaged neighbourhoods or those with low concentrations of racialized people every month of the first lockdown. The second lockdown was not associated with cycling injuries.
    Conclusion: The first lockdown triggered a sharp increase in cycling injury hospitalizations, especially among adults, adolescents and individuals from socioeconomically advantaged and less racialized neighbourhoods.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Quebec/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Hospitalization
    Language French
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2368-738X
    ISSN (online) 2368-738X
    DOI 10.24095/hpcdp.43.7.03
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Prevalence of weak D phenotypes in the general population of Québec, Canada: A focus on weak D type 42.

    Drouin, Mathieu / Rochette, Samuel / St-Louis, Maryse / Lewin, Antoine / Laganière, Josée

    Vox sanguinis

    2023  Volume 118, Issue 7, Page(s) 577–581

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Weak D type 42 accounts for an unusually high proportion of weak D phenotypes in Québec (Canada), which contrasts with other predominantly White populations. However, its prevalence in the general population is unknown. We ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Weak D type 42 accounts for an unusually high proportion of weak D phenotypes in Québec (Canada), which contrasts with other predominantly White populations. However, its prevalence in the general population is unknown. We estimated the prevalence of weak D type 42 and other common weak D phenotypes in Québec.
    Materials and methods: We screened for RHD*01W.42 alleles among 1000 individuals of CARTaGENE-a cohort representative of Québec's population. The prevalence of weak D type 42 was calculated based on the allele frequency of RHD*01W.42 and d (i.e., all recessive alleles that confer a D- phenotype), assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This prevalence was then leveraged to calculate that of other common weak D phenotypes, using published prevalence estimates among weak D phenotypes.
    Results: Two individuals harboured the RHD*01W.42/RHD*01 heterozygous genotype. Assuming an allele frequency of 38.19% for d, the overall prevalence of weak D type 42 was 0.08%. The following prevalence estimates were also obtained: 0.44% for all weak D phenotypes and 0.07%, 0.01% and 0.04% for weak D types 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
    Conclusion: Québec has the highest documented prevalence of weak D type 42, which was estimated at 0.08%.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quebec/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics ; Genotype ; Phenotype ; Blood Group Antigens ; Canada ; Alleles
    Chemical Substances Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; Blood Group Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80313-3
    ISSN 1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
    ISSN (online) 1423-0410
    ISSN 0042-9007
    DOI 10.1111/vox.13447
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women With a History of Hyperemesis Gravidarum, With and Without Preeclampsia.

    Cécile, Bianca / Potter, Brian J / Lewin, Antoine / Healy-Profitós, Jessica / Brousseau, Émilie / Auger, Nathalie

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) e029298

    Abstract: Background Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with preeclampsia, but it is unclear whether hyperemesis gravidarum is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in women who experienced hyperemesis ...

    Abstract Background Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with preeclampsia, but it is unclear whether hyperemesis gravidarum is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in women who experienced hyperemesis gravidarum with or without preeclampsia. Methods and Results We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of 1 413 166 pregnant women in Quebec between 1989 and 2021. Women were followed from their first pregnancy up to 3 decades later. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association of hyperemesis gravidarum, preeclampsia, or both conditions with subsequent risk of cardiovascular hospitalization using Cox regression models adjusted for baseline characteristics. Among 1 413 166 women, 16 288 (1.2%) had hyperemesis gravidarum only, 69 645 (4.9%) preeclampsia only, and 1103 (0.08%) had both conditions. After 32 years of follow-up, cardiovascular disease incidence was 17.7 per 100 women with hyperemesis gravidarum only, 28.2 per 100 women with preeclampsia only, 30.9 per 100 women with both exposures, and 14.0 per 100 women with neither exposure. Compared with no exposure, women with both hyperemesis and preeclampsia had the greatest risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 3.54 [95% CI, 3.03-4.14]), followed by women with preeclampsia only (HR, 2.58 [95% CI, 2.51-2.64]) and hyperemesis only (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.38-1.54]). Having both hyperemesis gravidarum and preeclampsia was strongly associated with valve disease (HR, 3.38 [95% CI, 1.69-6.75]), heart failure (HR, 3.43 [95% CI, 1.79-6.59]), and cardiomyopathy (HR, 4.17 [95% CI, 1.99-8.76]). Conclusions Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, whether preeclampsia is present or not.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum/epidemiology ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum/complications ; Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.122.029298
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  9. Article ; Online: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Parents and Offspring.

    Wei, Shu Qin / Paradis, Gilles / Ayoub, Aimina / Lewin, Antoine / Auger, Nathalie

    The Canadian journal of cardiology

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 130–137

    Abstract: Background: The impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the cardiovascular system is unclear.: Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1,001,593 pregnancies conceived naturally or through ART from 2008 to 2019 ... ...

    Abstract Background: The impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the cardiovascular system is unclear.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1,001,593 pregnancies conceived naturally or through ART from 2008 to 2019 in Québec to assess the association of ART with cardiovascular disease in families. The exposure measure was ART. The outcome included severe maternal cardiovascular morbidity, congenital heart defects in offspring, and long-term risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation in mothers, fathers, and offspring during 11 years of follow-up. We estimated the association between ART and cardiovascular outcomes with the use of adjusted log-binomial regression (risk ratio, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and Cox proportional hazards regression models (hazard ratio [HR]).
    Results: Compared with natural conception, ART was associated with 2.04 times the risk of severe cardiovascular morbidity in mothers (95% CI 1.86-2.23) and 1.38 times the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring (95% CI 1.26-1.50). ART was not associated with the risk of maternal cardiovascular hospitalisation following pregnancy (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.88-1.21). However, ART was associated with an increased risk of paternal cardiovascular hospitalisation (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.38) and offspring cardiovascular hospitalisation (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.61), mainly due to an increased risk of hypertension.
    Conclusions: ART is associated with only a small increase in the risk of cardiovascular complications in families. Parents and offspring may be reassured that ART likely has no major impact on the cardiovascular system.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/adverse effects ; Parents ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632813-1
    ISSN 1916-7075 ; 0828-282X
    ISSN (online) 1916-7075
    ISSN 0828-282X
    DOI 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.09.013
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  10. Article ; Online: Cost-effectiveness of pathogen reduction technology for plasma and platelets in Québec: A focus on potential emerging pathogens.

    Grégoire, Yves / Delage, Gilles / Custer, Brian / Rochette, Samuel / Renaud, Christian / Lewin, Antoine / Germain, Marc

    Transfusion

    2022  Volume 62, Issue 6, Page(s) 1208–1217

    Abstract: Background: The last economic evaluation of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in Canada was conducted in 2007. We reassessed the cost-effectiveness of PRT in the province of Québec (which has its own blood supplier) and included an evaluation of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: The last economic evaluation of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in Canada was conducted in 2007. We reassessed the cost-effectiveness of PRT in the province of Québec (which has its own blood supplier) and included an evaluation of the potential impact of emerging pathogens on cost-effectiveness.
    Study design and methods: Decision analytic Markov models were developed to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) associated with PRT as an addition to existing safety measures for plasma and platelet products (except for bacterial culture). Models accounted for several infectious and noninfectious transfusion reactions, recipients' productivity losses ensuing from these reactions, and the impact of PRT on platelet function. Scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of a new highly contagious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-like or West Nile virus (WNV)-like pathogen, assuming various epidemiological scenarios.
    Results: In the base case, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of PRT was estimated at $8,088,974/QALY gained. Assuming the presence of an HIV-like pathogen, the ICER was $265,209/QALY gained in the "average transmission" scenario, $1,274,445/QALY gained in the "rapid testing scenario," and $123,063/QALY gained in the "highly contagious" scenario. Assuming the presence of a WNV-like pathogen, the ICER was $7,469,167/QALY gained in the "average transmission" scenario and $6,652,769/QALY gained in the "highly contagious" scenario.
    Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness of PRT may substantially improve in the event of a new, blood-borne pathogen. Given their significant impact on cost-effectiveness, the emergence of new pathogens should be considered when deciding whether to adopt PRT.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Platelets ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Quebec ; Technology ; West Nile virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.16926
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