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  1. Book: Social interaction and the development of executive function

    Lewis, Charlie

    (New directions for child and adolescent development ; 123)

    2009  

    Author's details Charlie Lewis ..., ed
    Series title New directions for child and adolescent development ; 123
    Collection
    Language English
    Size 103 S. : graph. Darst.
    Publisher Jossey-Bass
    Publishing place San Francisco
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT015906463
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Touchscreens can promote infant object-interlocutor reference switching.

    Hudspeth, Kimberley M / Lewis, Charlie

    Infant behavior & development

    2023  Volume 74, Page(s) 101914

    Abstract: We re-examine whether the type of object played with influences parent-infant joint attention. A within-participants comparison of 24 parent-9-month-old dyads, used head-mounted eye-tracking to measure parental naming and infant attention during play ... ...

    Abstract We re-examine whether the type of object played with influences parent-infant joint attention. A within-participants comparison of 24 parent-9-month-old dyads, used head-mounted eye-tracking to measure parental naming and infant attention during play with touchscreen apps on a touchscreen tablet or matched interactive toys. Infants engaged in sustained attention more to the toy than the tablet. Parents named objects less in toy play. Infants exhibited more gaze shifts between the object and their parent during tablet play. Contrasting previous studies, these findings suggest that joint tablet play can be more interactive than with toys, and raise questions about the recommendation that infants should not be exposed at all to such technology.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Play and Playthings ; Attention ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 224510-3
    ISSN 1934-8800 ; 1879-0453 ; 0163-6383
    ISSN (online) 1934-8800 ; 1879-0453
    ISSN 0163-6383
    DOI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101914
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Executive Function Skills Are Linked to Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors: Three Correlational Meta Analyses.

    Iversen, Rebecca Kvisler / Lewis, Charlie

    Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 1163–1185

    Abstract: There is a consensus on the centrality of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet the origins of these behaviors are still debated. We reconsider whether executive function (EF) accounts of RRBs ... ...

    Abstract There is a consensus on the centrality of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet the origins of these behaviors are still debated. We reconsider whether executive function (EF) accounts of RRBs should be revisited. EF deficits and high levels of RRBs are often pronounced in individuals with ASD and are also prevalent in young typically developing children. Despite this, the evidence is mixed, and there has been no systematic attempt to evaluate the relationship across studies and between task batteries. We examine recent evidence, and in three highly powered random-effects analyses (N = 2964), examine the strength of the association between RRB levels and performance on set shifting, inhibitory control, and parental-report based EF batteries. The analyses confirm significant associations between high levels of the behaviors and poor EF skills. Moreover, the associations remained stable across typical development and in individuals with ASD and across different types of EF measures. These meta-analyses consolidate recent evidence identifying that cognitive mechanisms correlate with high RRBs that are seen in individuals with ASD, as well as in typical development. We propose that the EF account may be critical for guiding future interventions in ASD research. LAY SUMMARY: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are diagnostic criteria for Autism yet also common in typical development, and if they persist over time some can have a negative impact on learning and social acceptance. The present meta-analyses found that high levels of RRBs related to poor performance on set-shifting and inhibitory control tasks, as well as high ratings on parental report scales. Future studies should create interventions that aim to improve these skills as they may help manage challenging RRBs.
    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Cognition ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2481338-2
    ISSN 1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
    ISSN (online) 1939-3806
    ISSN 1939-3792
    DOI 10.1002/aur.2468
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Exchanging humpty dumpties is not a solution: Why a representational view of knowledge must be replaced with an action-based approach.

    Carpendale, Jeremy I M / Lewis, Charlie

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2021  Volume 44, Page(s) e147

    Abstract: In arguing for knowledge representation before belief, Phillips et al. presuppose a representational theory of knowledge, a view that has been extensively criticized. As an alternative, we propose an action-based approach to knowledge, conceptualized in ... ...

    Abstract In arguing for knowledge representation before belief, Phillips et al. presuppose a representational theory of knowledge, a view that has been extensively criticized. As an alternative, we propose an action-based approach to knowledge, conceptualized in terms of skill. We outline the implications of this approach for children's developing social understanding, beginning with sensorimotor interaction and extending to the verbal level.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Development ; Humans ; Knowledge
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X20001776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book: Children's early understanding of mind

    Lewis, Charlie

    origins and development

    1994  

    Author's details ed. by Charlie Lewis
    Keywords Attention / in infancy & childhood ; Speech Perception / in infancy & childhood ; Language Development / in infancy & childhood ; Concept Formation / in infancy & childhood ; Problem Solving / in infancy & childhood ; Communication / in infancy & childhood ; Child, Preschool ; Kind ; Intelligenz ; Entwicklung ; Denken ; Bewusstsein ; Kognition
    Subject Ursprung ; Entwicklungsstadium ; Kognition ; Kognitive Ordnung ; Kognitive Struktur ; Kindheit ; Kindesalter ; Kindschaft ; Kinder ; Denkfähigkeit ; Denkvermögen ; Denkprozess ; Denkvorgang ; Denkweise ; Intellekt
    Language English
    Size XVI, 493 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Erlbaum
    Publishing place Hove u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT006287323
    ISBN 0-86377-333-8 ; 0-86377-352-4 ; 978-0-86377-333-4 ; 978-0-86377-352-5
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  6. Article ; Online: Tomasello's tin man of moral obligation needs a heart.

    Carpendale, Jeremy I M / Lewis, Charlie

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2020  Volume 43, Page(s) e64

    Abstract: In place of Tomasello's explanation for the source of moral obligation, we suggest that it develops from the concern for others already implicit in the human developmental system. Mutual affection and caring make the development of communication and ... ...

    Abstract In place of Tomasello's explanation for the source of moral obligation, we suggest that it develops from the concern for others already implicit in the human developmental system. Mutual affection and caring make the development of communication and thinking possible. Humans develop as persons within such relationships and this develops into respect and moral obligation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Moral Obligations ; Morals ; Tin
    Chemical Substances Tin (7440-31-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X19002462
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The role of the multiple Index of deprivation in predicting mental health outcomes after the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

    Hazir, Serendi Gulsen / Ryan, Cían / Moore, Alison / Lewis, Charlie / Lunn, Judith

    Lancet (London, England)

    2023  Volume 402 Suppl 1, Page(s) S47

    Abstract: Background: The number of children and young people (CYP) diagnosed with mental health problems has increased over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic also has accelerated this increase, raising significant concerns about adolescent emotional ... ...

    Abstract Background: The number of children and young people (CYP) diagnosed with mental health problems has increased over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic also has accelerated this increase, raising significant concerns about adolescent emotional wellbeing. Research suggests that adolescents who live in more deprived areas are more likely to experience poor emotional wellbeing. Children in the northwest of England are among those with the poorest outcomes in the UK. We aimed to investigate the association between deprivation and mental health outcomes from 2019 to 2022. The aim was to support local authorities with targeted provision of public health services as well as predicting service need for 2022 onwards.
    Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analysed routinely collected Schools Health Needs Assessment (SHNA) data. The School Health Needs Assessment dataset contained 32 676 responses from Year 6 (ages 10-11 years) and Year 9 (ages 13-14 years) who completed the annual survey in 2019-22. The questionnaire was offered to all mainstream schools, delivered by the public health school nursing service. Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) data were provided for household postcodes. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS. Factor analysis created a composite emotional wellbeing scale (EWS) and estimates generated by school year (Years 6 and 9) and three academic years (2019-22). We calculated correlations between IMD and EWS overall and within school and academic year samples.
    Findings: The final total sample across the three consecutive survey years and the two school years was 32 659. The sample consisted of 15 932 (49%) female students and 5066 (16%) students who registered at school as from an ethnic minority. Of the total sample, 9209 (28%) lived in a postcode in the most deprived IMD quintile in England. There was an overall decrease in EWS from Year 6 to Year 9 and from 2019 to 2022. The Year 6 students in 2022 reported mean levels of EWS equivalent to Year 9 students in 2019 indicating a shift toward poorer mental health in younger children. The correlational analyses showed no significant associations between IMD and EWS scores within the school or academic year cohorts. A follow-up analysis of children in receipt or not in receipt of free school meals also showed no significant association with EWS scores.
    Interpretation: Findings showed that the emotional wellbeing of children and young people in the northwest of England has deteriorated since 2019, with greatest changes observed in the younger cohort of children in Year 6. This was not explained by postcode-based indices of multiple deprivation. Although it is recognised that deprivation is both a cause and a result of poor mental health, policy decisions on service provision for children and young people should not be based solely on IMD or receipt of free school meals. A rapid response is required to address the decline in emotional wellbeing currently observed in younger children of the northwest of England.
    Funding: None.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnicity ; Pandemics ; Minority Groups/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02143-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Referent selection in children with Autism Spectrum Condition and intellectual disabilities: Do social cues affect word-to-object or word-to-location mappings?

    Field, Charlotte / Lewis, Charlie / Allen, Melissa L

    Research in developmental disabilities

    2019  Volume 91, Page(s) 103425

    Abstract: Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding whether children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) and intellectual disabilities (ID) follow social pragmatic cues such as a speaker's eye gaze or pointing towards a novel object to assist mapping a ...

    Abstract Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding whether children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) and intellectual disabilities (ID) follow social pragmatic cues such as a speaker's eye gaze or pointing towards a novel object to assist mapping a new word onto a new object (e.g. fast mapping).
    Aims: We test fast mapping from a speaker's gaze and pointing towards objects in children with ASC and ID with varying chronological and receptive language ages compared with receptive language matched groups of typically developing (TD) children.
    Methods and procedure: Across eight trials, a speaker gazed and/or pointed towards one out of two objects while saying a new word. Pointing was either 'referential' (with intention), or 'incidental' (without obvious intention). To investigate whether children formed more robust word-to-object links rather than associative word-to-location ones, we reversed the original location of the objects in half of the test trials.
    Outcomes and results: Children with ASC were as successful as TD children using social cues to form word-to-object mappings. Surprisingly, children with ID did not fast map from referential pointing, or when objects changed location.
    Conclusions and implications: Children with ID may use different processes to facilitate word learning compared to TD children and even children with ASC.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Aptitude ; Association Learning ; Attention ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Cues ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/psychology ; Orientation ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Reaction Time ; Social Skills ; Verbal Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639175-8
    ISSN 1873-3379 ; 0891-4222
    ISSN (online) 1873-3379
    ISSN 0891-4222
    DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.05.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Parent-child mentalizing in pediatric epilepsy.

    Lunn, Judith / Lewis, Charlie / Gannon, Emily

    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

    2019  Volume 96, Page(s) 6–12

    Abstract: Background: Child psychopathology involves inappropriate or biased attributions of others' mental states (mentalizing), and parents' assessment of their children's mentalizing significantly predicts the latter's psychosocial outcomes. Behavioral ... ...

    Abstract Background: Child psychopathology involves inappropriate or biased attributions of others' mental states (mentalizing), and parents' assessment of their children's mentalizing significantly predicts the latter's psychosocial outcomes. Behavioral difficulties are frequent in children with epilepsy (CWE) yet biased mentalizing and parental accuracy in understanding their child's mental states reasoning have not been addressed.
    Methods: This study compared the performance of 34 CWE aged 9 to 16 years with 67 language age-matched controls on a biased mentalizing task. The task required children to infer on the mental states of peers in stories involving social scenarios. Responses were scored as positive, negative, or rational mentalizing attributions. To measure parental accuracy, a parent version was administered in the patient group that required a parent to identify their child's responses correctly. Relationships with the child's cognitive, behavioral, and epilepsy-related factors were examined.
    Results: Patients made greater negative mental states attributions compared with control children. This negative mentalizing bias was accurately identified by parents and was associated with children's behavioral problems. Parental accuracy was reduced for patients with lower cognitive abilities. Parents did not accurately identify an overly positive (OP) bias in their child's mental states attributions. Children's positive response bias correlated with their lower executive function (EF) skills. Epilepsy factors predicted cognitive deficits but not biased mentalizing or behavioral problems.
    Conclusion: Biased mentalizing characterizes social cognition in CWE with behavioral problems. Further investigation of the mentalizing biases and parental awareness of children's mental states reasoning is required to fully understand the greater psychosocial and behavioral difficulties found in CWE.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Epilepsy/psychology ; Epilepsy/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mentalization/physiology ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents/psychology ; Social Behavior ; Social Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010587-3
    ISSN 1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
    ISSN (online) 1525-5069
    ISSN 1525-5050
    DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.052
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Communication and symbolic research in autism spectrum disorder: linking method and theory.

    Allen, Melissa L / Lewis, Charlie

    Journal of autism and developmental disorders

    2015  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–3

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/complications ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/psychology ; Communication Disorders/complications ; Communication Disorders/psychology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391999-7
    ISSN 1573-3432 ; 0162-3257
    ISSN (online) 1573-3432
    ISSN 0162-3257
    DOI 10.1007/s10803-014-2313-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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