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  1. Article ; Online: C-reactive protein and cardiovascular diseases: a synthesis of studies based on different designs.

    Liu, Chunyu / Li, Chihua

    European journal of preventive cardiology

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 15, Page(s) 1593–1596

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2626011-6
    ISSN 2047-4881 ; 2047-4873
    ISSN (online) 2047-4881
    ISSN 2047-4873
    DOI 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad116
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4686: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: How to conduct methodologically rigorous epidemiological studies of the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961.

    Liu, Chunyu / Lian, Zi / Li, Chihua

    Journal of epidemiology and community health

    2024  Volume 78, Issue 4, Page(s) 269

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Famine ; Obesity ; Starvation ; China/epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 391868-3
    ISSN 1470-2738 ; 0142-467X ; 0141-7681 ; 0143-005X
    ISSN (online) 1470-2738
    ISSN 0142-467X ; 0141-7681 ; 0143-005X
    DOI 10.1136/jech-2023-221875
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The need for appropriate 'age-balanced' controls and transparent reporting in Chinese famine studies: a re-analysis of the China Patient-centred Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events million persons project.

    Liu, Chunyu / Li, Chihua

    European journal of preventive cardiology

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) e16–e17

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; China ; East Asian People ; Famine ; Risk Factors ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2626011-6
    ISSN 2047-4881 ; 2047-4873
    ISSN (online) 2047-4881
    ISSN 2047-4873
    DOI 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac254
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Early-Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961 and Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Li, Chihua / Lumey, L H

    Nutrients

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 14

    Abstract: Background: The fast-growing literature suggests that the Chinese famine of 1959-1961 drives current and future type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics in China. This conclusion may be premature, as many Chinese famine studies have major methodological problems. ...

    Abstract Background: The fast-growing literature suggests that the Chinese famine of 1959-1961 drives current and future type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics in China. This conclusion may be premature, as many Chinese famine studies have major methodological problems. We examine these problems, demonstrate how they bias the study results, and formulate recommendations to improve the quality of future studies.
    Methods: We searched English and Chinese databases for studies that examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and adult T2D from inception to 8 February 2022. We extracted information on T2D cases and study populations of individuals born during the famine (famine births), before the famine (prefamine births), and after the famine (postfamine births). We used random-effects models to compare the odds of T2D in famine births to several control groups, including postfamine births, combined pre- and postfamine births, and prefamine births. We used meta-regressions to examine the impacts of age differences between comparison groups on famine effect estimates and the role of other characteristics, including participant sex, age, and T2D assessments; famine intensity; residence; and publication language. Potential sources of heterogeneity and study quality were also evaluated.
    Results: Twenty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. The sample sizes ranged from less than 300 to more than 360,000 participants. All studies defined the famine exposure based on the participants' dates of birth, and 18 studies compared famine births and postfamine births to estimate famine effects on T2D. The famine and postfamine births had an age difference of three years or more in all studies. The estimates of the famine effect varied by the selection of controls. Using postfamine births as controls, the OR for T2D among famine births was 1.50 (95% CI 1.34-1.68); using combined pre- and postfamine births as controls, the OR was 1.12 (95% CI 1.02-1.24); using prefamine births as controls, the OR was 0.89 (95% CI 0.79-1.00). The meta-regressions further showed that the famine effect estimates increased by over 1.05 times with each one-year increase in ignored age differences between famine births and controls. Other newly identified methodological problems included the poorly assessed famine intensity, unsuitable study settings for famine research, and poor confounding adjustment.
    Interpretation: The current estimates of a positive relationship between prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and adult T2D are mainly driven by uncontrolled age differences between famine births and postfamine births. Studies with more rigorous methods, including age-balanced controls and robust famine intensity measures, are needed to quantify to what extent the famine exposure is related to current T2D patterns in China.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Famine ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology ; Starvation/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14142855
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Early-Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine of 1959–1961 and Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

    Li, Chihua / Lumey, L. H.

    Nutrients. 2022 July 12, v. 14, no. 14

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: The fast-growing literature suggests that the Chinese famine of 1959–1961 drives current and future type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics in China. This conclusion may be premature, as many Chinese famine studies have major methodological problems. ...

    Abstract Background: The fast-growing literature suggests that the Chinese famine of 1959–1961 drives current and future type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics in China. This conclusion may be premature, as many Chinese famine studies have major methodological problems. We examine these problems, demonstrate how they bias the study results, and formulate recommendations to improve the quality of future studies. Methods: We searched English and Chinese databases for studies that examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and adult T2D from inception to 8 February 2022. We extracted information on T2D cases and study populations of individuals born during the famine (famine births), before the famine (prefamine births), and after the famine (postfamine births). We used random-effects models to compare the odds of T2D in famine births to several control groups, including postfamine births, combined pre- and postfamine births, and prefamine births. We used meta-regressions to examine the impacts of age differences between comparison groups on famine effect estimates and the role of other characteristics, including participant sex, age, and T2D assessments; famine intensity; residence; and publication language. Potential sources of heterogeneity and study quality were also evaluated. Results: Twenty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. The sample sizes ranged from less than 300 to more than 360,000 participants. All studies defined the famine exposure based on the participants’ dates of birth, and 18 studies compared famine births and postfamine births to estimate famine effects on T2D. The famine and postfamine births had an age difference of three years or more in all studies. The estimates of the famine effect varied by the selection of controls. Using postfamine births as controls, the OR for T2D among famine births was 1.50 (95% CI 1.34–1.68); using combined pre- and postfamine births as controls, the OR was 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.24); using prefamine births as controls, the OR was 0.89 (95% CI 0.79–1.00). The meta-regressions further showed that the famine effect estimates increased by over 1.05 times with each one-year increase in ignored age differences between famine births and controls. Other newly identified methodological problems included the poorly assessed famine intensity, unsuitable study settings for famine research, and poor confounding adjustment. Interpretation: The current estimates of a positive relationship between prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and adult T2D are mainly driven by uncontrolled age differences between famine births and postfamine births. Studies with more rigorous methods, including age-balanced controls and robust famine intensity measures, are needed to quantify to what extent the famine exposure is related to current T2D patterns in China.
    Keywords adulthood ; adults ; famine ; maternal exposure ; meta-analysis ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; systematic review ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0712
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14142855
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: How much schizophrenia do famines cause?

    Ó Gráda, Cormac / Li, Chihua / Lumey, L H

    Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 90

    Abstract: Since the 1970s, famines have been widely invoked as natural experiments in research into the long-term impact of foetal exposure to nutritional shocks. That research has produced compelling evidence for a robust link between foetal exposure and the odds ...

    Abstract Since the 1970s, famines have been widely invoked as natural experiments in research into the long-term impact of foetal exposure to nutritional shocks. That research has produced compelling evidence for a robust link between foetal exposure and the odds of developing schizophrenia. However, the implications of that research for the human cost of famines in the longer run have not been investigated. We address the connection between foetal origins and schizophrenia with that question in mind. The impact turns out to be very modest-much less than one per cent of the associated famine death tolls-across a selection of case studies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3133210-9
    ISSN 2754-6993 ; 2754-6993
    ISSN (online) 2754-6993
    ISSN 2754-6993
    DOI 10.1038/s41537-023-00416-2
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  7. Article ; Online: Chinese famine and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study in Suihua China.

    Li, Chihua / Zhou, Zhenwei

    European journal of clinical nutrition

    2021  Volume 75, Issue 6, Page(s) 992–993

    MeSH term(s) China/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Famine ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639358-5
    ISSN 1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
    ISSN (online) 1476-5640
    ISSN 0954-3007
    DOI 10.1038/s41430-021-00876-8
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1045: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: Long-term impact of pre-natal exposure to the Ukraine famine of 1932-1933 on adult type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Lumey, L H / Li, Chihua / Khalangot, Mykola / Levchuk, Nataliia / Wolowyna, Oleh

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2023  

    Abstract: Importance: The long-term impacts of early-life famine exposure on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have been widely documented across countries, but it remains less clear what is the critical time window and if there is a dose-response between famine ... ...

    Abstract Importance: The long-term impacts of early-life famine exposure on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have been widely documented across countries, but it remains less clear what is the critical time window and if there is a dose-response between famine intensity and risk of T2DM.
    Objective: To establish the relation between prenatal famine exposure and adult Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
    Design: A national cross-sectional study.
    Setting: The man-made Ukrainian Holodomor famine of 1932-1933.
    Participants: A total number of 128,225 T2DM cases diagnosed at age 40 or over from the national diabetes register 2000-2008 in Ukraine. The population at risk includes 10,186,016 Soviet Ukraine births (excepting one oblast/province) between 1930-1938 classified by month and year and oblast of birth.
    Exposure: Births born in January-June 1934 from oblasts that experienced extreme, severe, or significant famine in 1932-1933. Famine intensity was measured based on the excess mortality during the famine.
    Main outcomes and measures: T2DM diagnosis was based on WHO (1999) criteria.
    Results: We observed in univariate analysis a 1.8-fold increase in T2DM (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.74-1.85) among individuals born in the first half-year of 1934 in regions with extreme, severe, or significant famine. We observed no increase among individuals born in regions with no famine. In multivariate analysis across regions and adjusting for season of birth we observed a larger than 2-fold increase (OR 2.21; 95% CI 2.00-2.45). There was a dose-response by famine intensity, with ORs increasing from 1.94 to 2.39 across regions. The pattern was similar in men and women.
    Conclusions and relevance: Births in the first half-year of 1934 were conceived at the height of the Ukraine famine in 1933. This relation for T2DM outcomes points to early gestation as a critical time window relating maternal nutrition in pregnancy to offspring health in later life. Further studies of biological mechanisms should focus on this time window for which changes in DNA methylation and later body size have also been observed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.12.02.23299317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine and tuberculosis risk: Unrecognized biases from different measures of famine intensity.

    Li, Chihua / Zhou, Zhenwei / Lumey, L H

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2021  Volume 118, Issue 16

    MeSH term(s) Bias ; China/epidemiology ; Famine ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Starvation ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2102809118
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    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Chinese famine and ischemic stroke: The need to control for age differences and improve famine severity measurement.

    Li, Chihua / Zhou, Zhenwei / Ye, Chenfei

    European journal of neurology

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 7, Page(s) e53–e54

    MeSH term(s) Brain Ischemia/epidemiology ; China ; Famine ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke ; Stroke/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1280785-0
    ISSN 1468-1331 ; 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
    ISSN (online) 1468-1331
    ISSN 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
    DOI 10.1111/ene.14838
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