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Article ; Online: Generation of Multiple Concentration Gradients Using a Two-Dimensional Pyramid Array

Qi, Xinlei / Zhou, Qin / Li, Xuejin / Hu, Guoqing

Analytical Chemistry. 2023 Dec. 04, v. 96, no. 2, p. 856–865

2023 , Page(s) 856

Abstract: Concentration heterogeneity of diffusible reactants is a prevalent phenomenon in biochemical processes, requiring the generation of concentration gradients for the relevant experiments. In this study, we present a high-density pyramid array microfluidic ... ...

Abstract	Concentration heterogeneity of diffusible reactants is a prevalent phenomenon in biochemical processes, requiring the generation of concentration gradients for the relevant experiments. In this study, we present a high-density pyramid array microfluidic network for the effective and precise generation of multiple concentration gradients. The complex gradient distribution in the 2D array can be adaptively adjusted by modulating the reactant velocities and concentrations at the inlets. In addition, the unique design of each reaction chamber and mixing block in the array ensures uniform concentrations within each chamber during dynamic changes, enabling large-scale reactions with low reactant volumes. Through detailed numerical simulation of mass transport within the complex microchannel networks, the proposed method allows researchers to determine the desired number of reaction chambers within a given concentration range based on experimental requirements and to quickly obtain the operating conditions with the help of machine learning-based prediction. The effectiveness in generating a multiple concentration gradient environment was further demonstrated by concentration-dependent calcium carbonate crystallization experiments. This device provides a highly efficient mixing and adaptable concentration platform that is well suited for high-throughput and multiplexed reactions.
Keywords	analytical chemistry ; calcium carbonate ; crystallization ; mass transfer ; mathematical models ; prediction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-1204
Size	p. 856–865
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04496
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Titanium Nitride Modified Fiber Optic Interferometer for Refractive Index Sensitivity Enhancement.

Yi, Duo / Zhang, Bin / Geng, Youfu / Li, Xuejin

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 11

Abstract: As one of the most well-established biocompatible transition metal nitrides, titanium nitride (TiN) has been widely applied for fiber waveguide coupling device applications. This study proposes a TiN-modified fiber optic interferometer. Benefiting from ... ...

Abstract	As one of the most well-established biocompatible transition metal nitrides, titanium nitride (TiN) has been widely applied for fiber waveguide coupling device applications. This study proposes a TiN-modified fiber optic interferometer. Benefiting from the unique properties of TiN, including ultrathin nanolayer, high refractive index, and broad-spectrum optical absorption, the refractive index (RI) response of the interferometer is greatly enhanced, which is desired all the time in the field of biosensing. The experimental results show that the deposited TiN nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the evanescent field excitation and modulate the effective RI difference of the interferometer, which eventually results in the RI response enhancement. Besides, after incorporating the TiN with different concentrations, the resonant wavelength and the RI responses of the interferometer are enhanced to varying degrees. Benefitting from this advantage, the sensing performances, including sensitivity and measurement range, can be flexibly adapted based on different detection requirements. Since RI response can effectively reflect the detection ability of biosensors, the proposed TiN-sensitized fiber optic interferometer can be potentially applied for high-sensitive biosensing applications.
MeSH term(s)	Refractometry/methods ; Tin ; Interferometry ; Fiber Optic Technology
Chemical Substances	titanium nitride (6RW464FEFF) ; Tin (7440-31-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23115280
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Article ; Online: Generation of Multiple Concentration Gradients Using a Two-Dimensional Pyramid Array.

Qi, Xinlei / Zhou, Qin / Li, Xuejin / Hu, Guoqing

Analytical chemistry

2023 Volume 96, Issue 2, Page(s) 856–865

Abstract	Concentration heterogeneity of diffusible reactants is a prevalent phenomenon in biochemical processes, requiring the generation of concentration gradients for the relevant experiments. In this study, we present a high-density pyramid array microfluidic network for the effective and precise generation of multiple concentration gradients. The complex gradient distribution in the 2D array can be adaptively adjusted by modulating the reactant velocities and concentrations at the inlets. In addition, the unique design of each reaction chamber and mixing block in the array ensures uniform concentrations within each chamber during dynamic changes, enabling large-scale reactions with low reactant volumes. Through detailed numerical simulation of mass transport within the complex microchannel networks, the proposed method allows researchers to determine the desired number of reaction chambers within a given concentration range based on experimental requirements and to quickly obtain the operating conditions with the help of machine learning-based prediction. The effectiveness in generating a multiple concentration gradient environment was further demonstrated by concentration-dependent calcium carbonate crystallization experiments. This device provides a highly efficient mixing and adaptable concentration platform that is well suited for high-throughput and multiplexed reactions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04496
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Article ; Online: Two-component macrophage model for active phagocytosis with pseudopod formation.

Wang, Shuo / Ma, Shuhao / Li, He / Dao, Ming / Li, Xuejin / Karniadakis, George Em

Biophysical journal

2024 Volume 123, Issue 9, Page(s) 1069–1084

Abstract: Macrophage phagocytosis is critical for the immune response, homeostasis regulation, and tissue repair. This intricate process involves complex changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal reorganization, and various receptor-ligand interactions controlled ... ...

Abstract	Macrophage phagocytosis is critical for the immune response, homeostasis regulation, and tissue repair. This intricate process involves complex changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal reorganization, and various receptor-ligand interactions controlled by mechanical constraints. However, there is a lack of comprehensive theoretical and computational models that investigate the mechanical process of phagocytosis in the context of cytoskeletal rearrangement. To address this issue, we propose a novel coarse-grained mesoscopic model that integrates a fluid-like cell membrane and a cytoskeletal network to study the dynamic phagocytosis process. The growth of actin filaments results in the formation of long and thin pseudopods, and the initial cytoskeleton can be disassembled upon target entry and reconstructed after phagocytosis. Through dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton, our macrophage model achieves active phagocytosis by forming a phagocytic cup utilizing pseudopods in two distinct ways. We have developed a new algorithm for modifying membrane area to prevent membrane rupture and ensure sufficient surface area during phagocytosis. In addition, the bending modulus, shear stiffness, and cortical tension of the macrophage model are investigated through computation of the axial force for the tubular structure and micropipette aspiration. With this model, we simulate active phagocytosis at the cytoskeletal level and investigate the mechanical process during the dynamic interplay between macrophage and target particles.
MeSH term(s)	Phagocytosis ; Macrophages/cytology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Pseudopodia/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218078-9
ISSN	1542-0086 ; 0006-3495
ISSN (online)	1542-0086
ISSN	0006-3495
DOI	10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.026
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Article: Quality maintenance of 1‐Methylcyclopropene combined with titanium dioxide photocatalytic reaction on postharvest cherry tomatoes

Li, Wenhan / Liu, Ziyun / Li, Xuejin / Li, Xihong

Journal of food processing and preservation. 2022 May, v. 46, no. 5

2022

Abstract: This study explored the effects of 1‐MCP combined with TPC treatment on bioactive compounds, odor, and ultrastructure of cherry tomatoes during postharvest storage. The results showed that the three treatments could all maintain the firmness, soluble ... ...

Abstract	This study explored the effects of 1‐MCP combined with TPC treatment on bioactive compounds, odor, and ultrastructure of cherry tomatoes during postharvest storage. The results showed that the three treatments could all maintain the firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity content. It was noteworthy that TPC applied to cherry tomatoes had positive effects on removing off‐flavors and reducing accumulation of malondialdehyde, and it can better retain the lycopene content compared with 1‐MCP in the later storage period. In addition, the combined treatment was more effective than the control check, single 1‐MCP and single TPC, which can inhibit the respiration and ethylene production of cherry tomatoes, maintain the ascorbic acid content, and sustain the integrity of peel and pulp cell structure during postharvest storage. Our study concluded that 1‐MCP + TPC was a feasible technology that can enhance the effect of single 1‐MCP treatment and make up for the limitations of single treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The moisture content of cherry tomatoes is higher than 90% so that cherry tomatoes are prone to softening, rot, and quality deterioration after harvest. They are typical climacteric fruits with obvious respiratory peaks. In the process of postharvest transportation and storage, intricate physiological and biochemical reactions occur in cells. A growing number of studies had shown that 1‐Methylcyclopropene had certain limitations. We used combined treatment, in order to enhance the effect of single 1‐Methylcyclopropene treatment and better guarantee the edible value and commodity value of postharvest cherry tomatoes. Our research showed that 1‐Methylcyclopropene combined with titanium dioxide photocatalytic treatment may become an advanced preservation technology, and can provide a new idea for improving the storage quality of postharvest cherry tomatoes.
Keywords	1-methylcyclopropene ; ascorbic acid ; cell structures ; cherries ; climacteric fruits ; ethylene production ; firmness ; lycopene ; malondialdehyde ; odors ; off flavors ; photocatalysis ; postharvest storage ; pulp ; storage quality ; storage time ; titanium dioxide ; titratable acidity ; ultrastructure ; water content
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	243448-9
ISSN	1745-4549 ; 0145-8892
ISSN (online)	1745-4549
ISSN	0145-8892
DOI	10.1111/jfpp.16500
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Impact of gravity on fluid flow and solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system: a multiscale numerical simulation study.

Xing, Chao / Wang, Hao / Zhu, Jianzhong / Zhang, Chunqiu / Li, Xuejin

Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering

2023 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Different gravity fields have important effects on the structural morphology of bone. The fluid flow caused by loadings in the bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS), converts mechanical signals into biological signals and regulates bone reconstruction by ...

Abstract	Different gravity fields have important effects on the structural morphology of bone. The fluid flow caused by loadings in the bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS), converts mechanical signals into biological signals and regulates bone reconstruction by affecting effector cells, which ensures the efficient transport of signaling molecules, nutrients, and waste products. In this study, the fluid flow and mass transfer effects of bone lacunar-canalicular system at multi-scale were firstly investigated, and a three-dimensional axisymmetric fluid-solid coupled finite element model of the LCS within three continuous osteocytes was established. The changes in fluid pressure field, flow velocity field, and fluid shear force variation on the surface of osteocytes within the LCS were studied comparatively under different gravitational fields (0 G, 1 G, 5 G), frequencies (1 Hz, 1.5 Hz, 2 Hz) and forms of cyclic compressive loading. The results showed that different frequencies represented different exercise intensities, suggesting that high-intensity exercise may accelerate the fluid flow rate within the LCS and enhance osteocytes activity. Hypergravity enhanced the transport of solute molecules, nutrients, and signaling molecules within the LCS. Conversely, the mass transfer in the LCS may be inhibited under microgravity, which may cause bone loss and eventually lead to the onset of osteoporosis. This investigation provides theoretical guidance for rehabilitative training against osteoporosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2071764-7
ISSN	1476-8259 ; 1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
ISSN	1025-5842
DOI	10.1080/10255842.2023.2270104
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Article ; Online: Optimized localization algorithm of dual-Sagnac structure-based fiber optic distributed vibration sensing system.

Teng, Fei / Yi, Duo / Hong, Xueming / Li, Xuejin

Optics express

2021 Volume 29, Issue 9, Page(s) 13696–13705

Abstract: In this study, an optimized localization algorithm is proposed for a dual-Sagnac structure-based fiber optic distributed vibration sensing (DVS) system. Different from the previous localization algorithms, the spectrum peak ratio of the interference ... ...

Abstract	In this study, an optimized localization algorithm is proposed for a dual-Sagnac structure-based fiber optic distributed vibration sensing (DVS) system. Different from the previous localization algorithms, the spectrum peak ratio of the interference signals in the frequency domain is applied for localization calculation, and the localization accuracy is effectively improved for the interference signal with low Signal-Noise-Ratio (SNR). Besides, the proposed optimized algorithm can solve the difficult problem of multi-point vibration localization by employing a continuous low-coherence light source, which largely reduces the system cost. Meanwhile, multi-parameter including the frequency and amplitude of the vibration signal can be retrieved simultaneously except for the vibration position, which is not available for the traditional localization algorithm of the interferometric DVS system. Experimental results verify that the system with the proposed optimized algorithm can realize high-accuracy localization of single-point vibration, multi-point with single-frequency vibration, multi-point with multi-frequency vibration. The corresponding maximum localization errors are only 0.18%, 0.22%, and 0.36% respectively.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.421569
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Article ; Online: Ultra-sensitive all-optical phase modulation based on a fiber optic interferometer combined with Ti

Yi, Duo / Huang, Zhewen / Fu, Wenqiang / Geng, Youfu / Liu, Fei / Li, Xuejin

Optics letters

2023 Volume 48, Issue 17, Page(s) 4456–4459

Abstract: This study proposes an all-optical phase modulator based on a compact fiber optic interferometer combined with ... ...

Abstract	This study proposes an all-optical phase modulator based on a compact fiber optic interferometer combined with Ti
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4794
ISSN (online)	1539-4794
DOI	10.1364/OL.498652
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Article ; Online: In silico and in vitro study of the adhesion dynamics of erythrophagocytosis in sickle cell disease.

Li, Guansheng / Qiang, Yuhao / Li, He / Li, Xuejin / Dao, Ming / Karniadakis, George Em

Biophysical journal

2023 Volume 122, Issue 12, Page(s) 2590–2604

Abstract: Erythrophagocytosis occurring in the spleen is a critical process for removing senescent and diseased red blood cells (RBCs) from the microcirculation. Although some progress has been made in understanding how the biological signaling pathways mediate ... ...

Abstract	Erythrophagocytosis occurring in the spleen is a critical process for removing senescent and diseased red blood cells (RBCs) from the microcirculation. Although some progress has been made in understanding how the biological signaling pathways mediate the phagocytic processes, the role of the biophysical interaction between RBCs and macrophages, particularly under pathological conditions such as sickle cell disease, has not been adequately studied. Here, we combine computational simulations with microfluidic experiments to quantify RBC-macrophage adhesion dynamics under flow conditions comparable to those in the red pulp of the spleen. We also investigate the RBC-macrophage interaction under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. First, we calibrate key model parameters in the adhesion model using microfluidic experiments for normal and sickle RBCs under normoxia and hypoxia. We then study the adhesion dynamics between the RBC and the macrophage. Our simulation illustrates three typical adhesion states, each characterized by a distinct dynamic motion of the RBCs, namely firm adhesion, flipping adhesion, and no adhesion (either due to no contact with macrophages or detachment from the macrophages). We also track the number of bonds formed when RBCs and macrophages are in contact, as well as the contact area between the two interacting cells, providing mechanistic explanations for the three adhesion states observed in the simulations and microfluidic experiments. Furthermore, we quantify, for the first time to our knowledge, the adhesive forces between RBCs (normal and sickle) and macrophages under different oxygenated conditions. Our results show that the adhesive forces between normal cells and macrophages under normoxia are in the range of 33-58 pN and 53-92 pN for sickle cells under normoxia and 155-170 pN for sickle cells under hypoxia. Taken together, our microfluidic and simulation results improve our understanding of the biophysical interaction between RBCs and macrophages in sickle cell disease and provide a solid foundation for investigating the filtration function of the splenic macrophages under physiological and pathological conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anemia, Sickle Cell ; Erythrocytes ; Erythrocytes, Abnormal ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Hypoxia/pathology ; Macrophages ; Cell Adhesion
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	218078-9
ISSN	1542-0086 ; 0006-3495
ISSN (online)	1542-0086
ISSN	0006-3495
DOI	10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.022
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Article: Probing the Interaction Between Supercarrier RBC Membrane and Nanoparticles for Optimal Drug Delivery

Wang, Shuo / Ma, Shuhao / Li, Rongxin / Qi, Xiaojing / Han, Keqin / Guo, Ling / Li, Xuejin

Journal of molecular biology. 2022 Mar. 08,

2022

Abstract: Red blood cell (RBC) membrane-hitchhiking nanoparticles (NPs) have been an increasingly popular supercarrier for targeted drug delivery. However, the kinetic details of the shear-induced NP detachment process from RBC in blood flow remain unclear. Here, ... ...

Abstract	Red blood cell (RBC) membrane-hitchhiking nanoparticles (NPs) have been an increasingly popular supercarrier for targeted drug delivery. However, the kinetic details of the shear-induced NP detachment process from RBC in blood flow remain unclear. Here, we perform detailed computational simulations of the traversal dynamics of an RBC-NP composite supercarrier with tunable properties. We show that the detachment of NPs from RBC occurs in a shear-dependent manner which is consistent with previous experiment results. We quantify the NP detachment rate in the microcapillary flow, and our simulation results suggest that there may be an optimal adhesion strength span of 25–40 μJ/m² for rigid spherical NPs to improve the supercarrier performance and targeting efficiency. In addition, we find that the stiffness and the shape of NPs alter the detachment efficiency by changing the RBC-NP contact areas. Together, these findings provide unique insights into the shear-dependent NP release from the RBC surface, facilitating the clinical utility of RBC-NP composite supercarriers in targeted and localized drug delivery with high precision and efficiency.
Keywords	adhesion ; blood flow ; drugs ; erythrocytes ; molecular biology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0308
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	80229-3
ISSN	1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
ISSN (online)	1089-8638
ISSN	0022-2836
DOI	10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167539
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