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Article ; Online: Study on hydration mechanism and environmental safety of thermal activated red mud-based cementitious materials.

Zhu, Junge / Yue, Hongzhi / Ma, Laijun / Li, Zichao / Bai, Rong

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 19, Page(s) 55905–55921

Abstract: Red mud (RM) cementitious materials were prepared with the thermally, thermoalkali- or thermocalcium-activated RM, steel slag (SS), and other additives. The effects of different thermal RM activation methods on the cementitious material hydration ... ...

Abstract	Red mud (RM) cementitious materials were prepared with the thermally, thermoalkali- or thermocalcium-activated RM, steel slag (SS), and other additives. The effects of different thermal RM activation methods on the cementitious material hydration mechanisms, mechanical properties, and environmental risks were discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the hydration products of different thermally activated RM samples were similar with the main products being C-S-H, tobermorite, and Ca(OH)
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Solid Waste ; Silicates/chemistry ; Calcium Compounds ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Steel
Chemical Substances	tobermorite (1319-31-9) ; Solid Waste ; Silicates ; Calcium Compounds ; Metals, Heavy ; Steel (12597-69-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-25832-w
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Article ; Online: The synergistic hydration mechanism and environmental safety of multiple solid wastes in red mud-based cementitious materials.

Zhu, Junge / Yue, Hongzhi / Ma, Laijun / Li, Zichao / Bai, Rong

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 32, Page(s) 79241–79257

Abstract: Red mud (RM) is a solid waste material with high alkalinity and low cementing activity component. The low activity of RM makes it difficult to prepare high-performance cementitious materials from RM alone. Five groups of RM-based cementitious samples ... ...

Abstract	Red mud (RM) is a solid waste material with high alkalinity and low cementing activity component. The low activity of RM makes it difficult to prepare high-performance cementitious materials from RM alone. Five groups of RM-based cementitious samples were prepared by adding steel slag (SS), grade 42.5 ordinary Portland cement (OPC), blast furnace slag cement (BFSC), flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), and fly ash (FA). The effects of different solid waste additives on the hydration mechanisms, mechanical properties, and environmental safety of RM-based cementitious materials were discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the samples prepared from different solid waste materials and RM formed similar hydration products, and the main products were C-S-H, tobermorite, and Ca(OH)
MeSH term(s)	Solid Waste/analysis ; Coal Ash ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Calcium Sulfate ; Steel
Chemical Substances	Solid Waste ; Coal Ash ; Metals, Heavy ; Calcium Sulfate (WAT0DDB505) ; Steel (12597-69-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-27800-w
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Book ; Online: Beam Search for Feature Selection

Fraiman, Nicolas / Li, Zichao

2022

Abstract: In this paper, we present and prove some consistency results about the performance of classification models using a subset of features. In addition, we propose to use beam search to perform feature selection, which can be viewed as a generalization of ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we present and prove some consistency results about the performance of classification models using a subset of features. In addition, we propose to use beam search to perform feature selection, which can be viewed as a generalization of forward selection. We apply beam search to both simulated and real-world data, by evaluating and comparing the performance of different classification models using different sets of features. The results demonstrate that beam search could outperform forward selection, especially when the features are correlated so that they have more discriminative power when considered jointly than individually. Moreover, in some cases classification models could obtain comparable performance using only ten features selected by beam search instead of hundreds of original features.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Machine Learning
Publishing date	2022-03-08
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: On the Adversarial Robustness of Camera-based 3D Object Detection

Xie, Shaoyuan / Li, Zichao / Wang, Zeyu / Xie, Cihang

2023

Abstract: In recent years, camera-based 3D object detection has gained widespread attention for its ability to achieve high performance with low computational cost. However, the robustness of these methods to adversarial attacks has not been thoroughly examined. ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, camera-based 3D object detection has gained widespread attention for its ability to achieve high performance with low computational cost. However, the robustness of these methods to adversarial attacks has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we conduct the first comprehensive investigation of the robustness of leading camera-based 3D object detection methods under various adversarial conditions. Our experiments reveal five interesting findings: (a) the use of accurate depth estimation effectively improves robustness; (b) depth-estimation-free approaches do not show superior robustness; (c) bird's-eye-view-based representations exhibit greater robustness against localization attacks; (d) incorporating multi-frame benign inputs can effectively mitigate adversarial attacks; and (e) addressing long-tail problems can enhance robustness. We hope our work can provide guidance for the design of future camera-based object detection modules with improved adversarial robustness.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Highly flame-retardant materials of different divalent metal ions alginate/silver phosphate: Synthesis, characterizations, and synergistic phosphorus-polymetallic effects

Lv, Jintai / Li, Zichao / Dong, Ruitao / Xue, Yun / Wang, Yanwei / Li, Qun

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023 Aug., v. 247 p.125834-

2023

Abstract: Three kinds of divalent metal ions (Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺) alginate/silver phosphate (MAlg/Ag₃PO₄) hybrid materials were prepared via an in-situ method, and the composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ...

Abstract	Three kinds of divalent metal ions (Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺) alginate/silver phosphate (MAlg/Ag₃PO₄) hybrid materials were prepared via an in-situ method, and the composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). To investigate their flame-retardant properties and phosphorus-polymetallic flame-retardant effects, the combustion behavior and flammability of the composites were assessed by using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and micro-calorimeter tests (MCC). The results show that the three composites were thermally stable, among which the LOI of CaAlg/Ag₃PO₄, CuAlg/Ag₃PO₄ and ZnAlg/Ag₃PO₄ were 62.6 %, 46.5 % and 79.8 %, respectively, which were much higher than the prescribed flame retardants which was 27 %. According to the TGA, the thermal stability was ZnAlg/Ag₃PO₄ > CaAlg/Ag₃PO₄ > CuAlg/Ag₃PO₄. The heat release capacity (HRC) of the above three materials was 49 J/(g·K), 69 J/(g·K), 41 J/(g·K), respectively, and the fire safety performance was also in the same order as the thermal stability. By using the thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), the flame retarding mechanism of MAlg/Ag₃PO₄ and the synergistic effect of Ag₃PO₄ and divalent metal ions were proposed based on the experimental data.
Keywords	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; alginates ; calcium ; combustion ; divalent metals ; electron microscopy ; fire safety ; flammability ; heat ; mass spectrometry ; oxygen ; phosphates ; silver ; synergism ; thermal stability ; thermogravimetry ; Flame-retardant mechanism ; High flame-retardant performance ; Polymetallic ion effects ; Seaweed polysaccharide ; Silver phosphate
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125834
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Highly flame-retardant materials of different divalent metal ions alginate/silver phosphate: Synthesis, characterizations, and synergistic phosphorus-polymetallic effects.

Lv, Jintai / Li, Zichao / Dong, Ruitao / Xue, Yun / Wang, Yanwei / Li, Qun

International journal of biological macromolecules

2023 Volume 247, Page(s) 125834

Abstract: Three kinds of divalent metal ions ( ... ...

Abstract	Three kinds of divalent metal ions (Ca
MeSH term(s)	Phosphorus ; Flame Retardants ; Alginates ; Ions ; Oxygen
Chemical Substances	silver phosphate (ZL6T4Y1XP8) ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Flame Retardants ; Alginates ; Ions ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125834
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Article ; Online: Changes in the soil fungal communities of steppe grasslands at varying degradation levels in North China.

Han, Qiqi / Chen, Yuhang / Li, Zichao / Zhang, Zhuo / Qin, Yuao / Liu, Zhongkuan / Liu, Guixia

Canadian journal of microbiology

2023 Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 70–85

Abstract: The grasslands in North China are rich in fungal resources. However, the knowledge of the structure and function of fungal communities and the role of microbial communities in vegetation restoration and succession are limited. Thus, we used an Illumina ... ...

Abstract	The grasslands in North China are rich in fungal resources. However, the knowledge of the structure and function of fungal communities and the role of microbial communities in vegetation restoration and succession are limited. Thus, we used an Illumina HiSeq PE250 high-throughput sequencing platform to study the changing characteristics of soil fungal communities in degraded grasslands, which were categorized as non-degraded (ND), lightly degraded, moderately degraded, and severely degraded (SD). Moreover, a correlation analysis between soil physical and chemical properties and fungal communities was completed. The results showed that the number of plant species, vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass, and diversity index decreased significantly with increasing degradation, and there were significant differences in the physical and chemical properties of the soil among the different degraded grasslands. The dominant fungal phyla in the degraded grassland were as follows: Ascomycota, 44.88%-65.03%; Basidiomycota, 12.68%-29.91%; and unclassified, 5.51%-16.91%. The dominant fungi were as follows: Mortierella, 6.50%-11.41%;
MeSH term(s)	Mycobiome ; Grassland ; Microbiota ; China ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280534-0
ISSN	1480-3275 ; 0008-4166
ISSN (online)	1480-3275
ISSN	0008-4166
DOI	10.1139/cjm-2023-0105
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Book ; Online: Classification with Nearest Disjoint Centroids

Fraiman, Nicolas / Li, Zichao

2021

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a new classification method based on nearest centroid, and it is called the nearest disjoint centroid classifier. Our method differs from the nearest centroid classifier in the following two aspects: (1) the centroids are ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we develop a new classification method based on nearest centroid, and it is called the nearest disjoint centroid classifier. Our method differs from the nearest centroid classifier in the following two aspects: (1) the centroids are defined based on disjoint subsets of features instead of all the features, and (2) the distance is induced by the dimensionality-normalized norm instead of the Euclidean norm. We provide a few theoretical results regarding our method. In addition, we propose a simple algorithm based on adapted k-means clustering that can find the disjoint subsets of features used in our method, and extend the algorithm to perform feature selection. We evaluate and compare the performance of our method to other closely related classifiers on both simulated data and real-world gene expression datasets. The results demonstrate that our method is able to outperform other competing classifiers by having smaller misclassification rates and/or using fewer features in various settings and situations.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Machine Learning
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2021-09-21
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Tied-Augment

Kurtulus, Emirhan / Li, Zichao / Dauphin, Yann / Cubuk, Ekin Dogus

Controlling Representation Similarity Improves Data Augmentation

2023

Abstract: Data augmentation methods have played an important role in the recent advance of deep learning models, and have become an indispensable component of state-of-the-art models in semi-supervised, self-supervised, and supervised training for vision. Despite ... ...

Abstract	Data augmentation methods have played an important role in the recent advance of deep learning models, and have become an indispensable component of state-of-the-art models in semi-supervised, self-supervised, and supervised training for vision. Despite incurring no additional latency at test time, data augmentation often requires more epochs of training to be effective. For example, even the simple flips-and-crops augmentation requires training for more than 5 epochs to improve performance, whereas RandAugment requires more than 90 epochs. We propose a general framework called Tied-Augment, which improves the efficacy of data augmentation in a wide range of applications by adding a simple term to the loss that can control the similarity of representations under distortions. Tied-Augment can improve state-of-the-art methods from data augmentation (e.g. RandAugment, mixup), optimization (e.g. SAM), and semi-supervised learning (e.g. FixMatch). For example, Tied-RandAugment can outperform RandAugment by 2.0% on ImageNet. Notably, using Tied-Augment, data augmentation can be made to improve generalization even when training for a few epochs and when fine-tuning. We open source our code at https://github.com/ekurtulus/tied-augment/tree/main. Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, ICML 2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Evaluating Dependencies in Fact Editing for Language Models

Li, Zichao / Arous, Ines / Reddy, Siva / Cheung, Jackie C. K.

Specificity and Implication Awareness

2023

Abstract: The potential of using a large language model (LLM) as a knowledge base (KB) has sparked significant interest. To manage the knowledge acquired by LLMs, we need to ensure that the editing of learned facts respects internal logical constraints, which are ... ...

Abstract	The potential of using a large language model (LLM) as a knowledge base (KB) has sparked significant interest. To manage the knowledge acquired by LLMs, we need to ensure that the editing of learned facts respects internal logical constraints, which are known as dependency of knowledge. Existing work on editing LLMs has partially addressed the issue of dependency, when the editing of a fact should apply to its lexical variations without disrupting irrelevant ones. However, they neglect the dependency between a fact and its logical implications. We propose an evaluation protocol with an accompanying question-answering dataset, DepEdit, that provides a comprehensive assessment of the editing process considering the above notions of dependency. Our protocol involves setting up a controlled environment in which we edit facts and monitor their impact on LLMs, along with their implications based on If-Then rules. Extensive experiments on DepEdit show that existing knowledge editing methods are sensitive to the surface form of knowledge, and that they have limited performance in inferring the implications of edited facts. Comment: Findings of EMNLP2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	400
Publishing date	2023-12-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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