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  1. Article ; Online: Partitioning of root respiration into growth, maintenance, and ion uptake components in a young larch-dominated forest

    Hirano, Takashi / Cui, Rui / Sun, Lifei / Teramoto, Munemasa / Liang, Naishen

    Plant Soil. 2023 Jan., v. 482, no. 1-2 p.57-72

    2023  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: Fine roots play an essential role in global carbon cycles, but phenological variations in root function and metabolism are poorly understood. To illustrate the dynamics of fine root function and metabolism in the field, we partitioned root ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: Fine roots play an essential role in global carbon cycles, but phenological variations in root function and metabolism are poorly understood. To illustrate the dynamics of fine root function and metabolism in the field, we partitioned root respiration (Rᵣ) into growth (Rg), maintenance (Rₘ), and ion uptake (Rᵢₒₙ) components using a modified traditional model. METHODS: A year-round experiment was conducted in a young larch-dominated forest regrowing on bare soil. Soil respiration was measured with a chamber method and partitioned into Rᵣ and heterotrophic respiration by trenching. Fine root biomass and production were measured simultaneously. Using the field data, the model was parameterized, and Rᵣ was further partitioned. RESULTS: Annually, Rᵣ (210–253 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹) accounts for 45–47% of the total soil respiration. The contribution of fine root Rg, fine root Rₘ, coarse root Rₘ, and fine root Rᵢₒₙ were 26–40, 46–51, 10–16, and 12%, respectively. The Rg contribution showed a clear seasonal variation, with a peak in mid-spring and a minimum in early fall, mainly because of different seasonality between fine root production and soil temperature. CONCLUSION: The model parameters were consistent with those from our previous study conducted by the same method in the same site. Thus, we believe that our approach was robust under a relatively simple condition. However, our growth respiration parameter resulting from only field data was much higher than those from laboratory experiments. To further improve our understanding of root respiration, more field data should be accumulated.
    Keywords autumn ; biomass ; carbon ; fine roots ; forests ; ion transport ; metabolism ; models ; phenology ; seasonal variation ; soil respiration ; soil temperature ; spring
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 57-72.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 208908-7
    ISSN 1573-5036 ; 0032-079X
    ISSN (online) 1573-5036
    ISSN 0032-079X
    DOI 10.1007/s11104-022-05674-0
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  2. Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal variation in soil methane uptake in a cool-temperate immature deciduous forest

    Hu, Rui / Hirano, Takashi / Sakaguchi, Kaho / Yamashita, Syunpei / Cui, Rui / Sun, Lifei / Liang, Naishen

    Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2023 Sept., v. 184 p.109094-

    2023  

    Abstract: Atmospheric methane (CH₄) concentration has been increasing recently, contributing to global warming. As natural sinks, forest soils are expected to mitigate the atmospheric CH₄ rise. However, it had been difficult to measure soil CH₄ flux continuously ... ...

    Abstract Atmospheric methane (CH₄) concentration has been increasing recently, contributing to global warming. As natural sinks, forest soils are expected to mitigate the atmospheric CH₄ rise. However, it had been difficult to measure soil CH₄ flux continuously and accurately because of the limited stability and precision of CH₄ analyzers in the field. In this study, we measured hourly CH₄ flux with plant roots (Root) and without roots (Trench) during the growing season in a regenerating deciduous forest using an automated chamber system with an up-to-date analyzer. Combined with a Random Forest (RF) approach, we studied the spatiotemporal variation and control of soil CH₄ uptake rates. The results showed that the soil was a CH₄ sink throughout the experimental period, and the existence of roots significantly enhanced CH₄ uptake, mainly through improving soil aeration. The CH₄ uptake rate varied seasonally according to the variations in soil gaseous diffusion caused by soil moisture and temperature differences. In addition, soil CH₄ uptake showed a significant spatial variation, mainly resulting from spatial difference in soil porosity, soil carbon and nitrogen contents, and fine root biomass. The RF models showed high performance in soil CH₄ flux prediction using the soil O₂ diffusion coefficient and soil temperature as explanatory variables. The performance of RF models using ordinary variables of soil water content or water-filled pore space (WFPS) was equal to or slightly better than that of models using the diffusion coefficient. The higher importance of ambient CH₄ concentration in Trench chambers indicates an increase in soil CH₄ uptake at higher CH₄ concentrations, which is predicted in the future. Although there are limitations, we believe that a machine learning approach, such as RF, using a large amount of continuous data with high temporal resolution, has great potential for investigating the dynamic variation in soil CH₄ flux.
    Keywords aeration ; automation ; biochemistry ; biomass ; deciduous forests ; diffusivity ; fine roots ; methane ; nitrogen ; porosity ; prediction ; soil biology ; soil carbon ; soil temperature ; soil water ; soil water content ; Automated chamber system ; Environmental control ; Fine root dynamics ; Gaseous diffusion ; Random forest ; Water-filled pore space
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 280810-9
    ISSN 0038-0717
    ISSN 0038-0717
    DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109094
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  3. Article: A simple model for partitioning forest soil respiration based on root allometry

    Zhao, Xin / Liang, Naishen / Zeng, Jiye / Mohti, Azian

    Soil biology & biochemistry. 2021 Jan., v. 152

    2021  

    Abstract: Partitioning soil respiration (Rₛ) into heterotrophic (Rₕ) and autotrophic (Rₐ) compartments is an important first step in understanding the response of soil carbon flux to changes in climate. This is because Rₕ and Rₐ respond differently to changing ... ...

    Abstract Partitioning soil respiration (Rₛ) into heterotrophic (Rₕ) and autotrophic (Rₐ) compartments is an important first step in understanding the response of soil carbon flux to changes in climate. This is because Rₕ and Rₐ respond differently to changing environmental conditions. However, the methods currently used to partition Rₛ have high costs and large uncertainties. In this study, we developed a simple model to partition forest Rₛ based on root biomass, Rs=Rh+∑i=1n[ci×DBHidi×f(Di)], which the latter is modelled as the sum of root biomass density (MT) derived from an existing root allometric equation (MT=c×DBHd, where DBH is tree diameter at breast height) multiplied by a horizonal distance function (f(D)) based on the relationship between in situ Rₛ and distance (D) from the tree base. We applied this model to a complex tropical natural forest in Southeast Asia by inputting a site-specific root allometric equation and in situ Rₛ–D function to obtain: Rs=Rh+c′∑i=1n(DBHi2.59×Di−0.452). Compared to studies that used the classical root biomass regression, our results show a stronger linear correlation between Rₛ and simulated root biomass density (r² = 0.797). By using the y-intercept (i.e. no root biomass at all), Rₕ was estimated to contribute 66.9 ± 5.7% to total Rₛ. We validated the root-allometry-based model by using the trenching method. In our study area, it took about 1 week (6.5 days) for tree roots to die after trenching, and Rₕ/Rₛ ratios estimated from our model were about 2.7% higher than those estimated with the trenching method. With the increasing number of allometry equations for global woody plants, the model has the potential of being used to partition Rₛ in various forests at regional or global scales.
    Keywords allometry ; biochemistry ; biomass ; climate ; equations ; forest soils ; forests ; models ; soil carbon ; soil respiration ; tree and stand measurements ; trees ; South East Asia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-01
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 280810-9
    ISSN 0038-0717
    ISSN 0038-0717
    DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108067
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  4. Article: Spatial variation in soil respiration rate is controlled by the content of particulate organic materials in the volcanic ash soil under a Cryptomeria japonica plantation

    Abe, Yukiko / Liang, Naishen / Teramoto, Munemasa / Koarashi, Jun / Atarashi-Andoh, Mariko / Hashimoto, Shoji / Tange, Takeshi

    Geoderma regional. 2022 June, v. 29

    2022  

    Abstract: Soil respiration is one of the major C fluxes in the global C cycle and is a key factor in understanding the global C balance associated with climate change, but the factors controlling its spatial variability have not been well explored. This study ... ...

    Abstract Soil respiration is one of the major C fluxes in the global C cycle and is a key factor in understanding the global C balance associated with climate change, but the factors controlling its spatial variability have not been well explored. This study aimed to clarify the causes of spatial variation in soil respiration rate on volcanic ash soil. We established a standing-tree (ST) plot and a clear-cutting (CC) plot in December 2012 at a 35-year-old Cryptomeria japonica plantation in Tokyo, Japan. CC plot was logged in March 2013, and new organic matter supply was halted after clear-cutting. From January 2013 to August 2019, soil respiration rates were measured periodically at 21 and 19 measuring points in ST and CC plots, respectively. The measuring points were randomly distributed with varying distances in ST plot (0.24 ha) and CC plot (0.23 ha). In August 2019, the carbon content of the litter (Ao) layer, total carbon content of soil, carbon content of the low-density fraction (LF-C; < 1.6 g cm⁻³) of soil, fine root biomass, and bulk density of soil for 0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm mineral soil layers were measured at all measuring points. The spatial pattern of the variation in soil respiration rates remained stable in the ST plot throughout the 7-year study period. Results of the multiple regression analysis in the ST plot showed that the model with only the LF-C as an explanatory variable had the highest capability for predicting the respiration rate at a soil temperature of 20 °C (R₂₀); the addition of other factors as explanatory variables did not increase the predictive capability. The organic carbon content in soil did not correlate with R₂₀. The R₂₀ in the CC plot significantly decreased six years after clear-cutting compared with the first year after clear-cutting, with values of 3.03 and 1.86 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively. This decrease tended to be greater in the measuring points where R₂₀ was high in 2013. The LF-C stock for 0–30 cm soil layer in CC plot in the 7th year after clear-cutting was 0.33 kgC m⁻² which was much lower than 1.60 kgC m⁻² in ST plot. These results further support the conclusion that LF-C was the main factor responsible for the spatial variation in soil respiration rate in the ST plot, and suggest that LF-C is more suitable than SOC as an explanatory variable for the spatial variation in soil respiration rate in volcanic ash soil.
    Keywords Cryptomeria japonica ; Japan ; biomass ; bulk density ; carbon dioxide ; cell respiration ; clearcutting ; climate change ; fine roots ; mineral soils ; models ; organic carbon ; regression analysis ; soil respiration ; soil temperature ; volcanic ash soils
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2352-0094
    DOI 10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00529
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  5. Article ; Online: Responses of aboveground litterfall respiration to unexpected snowfall events in Ailao subtropical forests in Southwest China

    Phyo, Zayar / Zhou, Wenjun / Song, Qinghai / Wu, Chuansheng / Liang, Naishen / Yi, Yanyun / Chen, Lijuan / Zeeshan, Mohd / Myo, Sai Tay Zar / Lu, Zhiyun / Sha, Liqing / Zhang, Yiping

    Applied Soil Ecology. 2023 Jan., v. 181 p.104668-

    2023  

    Abstract: Soil respiration, the second largest CO₂ flux in terrestrial ecosystems, involves the microbial respiration of litter from aboveground sources, belowground litter and root respiration, from rhizodeposition. In the subtropical forests of the Ailao ... ...

    Abstract Soil respiration, the second largest CO₂ flux in terrestrial ecosystems, involves the microbial respiration of litter from aboveground sources, belowground litter and root respiration, from rhizodeposition. In the subtropical forests of the Ailao Mountain, a chamber with automated CO₂ efflux was set up with two treatments: a control treatment with litterfall to measure the total soil respiration (RT) and a litter removal treatment to measure aboveground litterfall respiration (RL). This study aimed to examine the responses of RL to unexpected heavy snowfall events and soil temperature (ST), soil moisture (SM), rainfall (RF), total litterfall (TL), litter water content (LWC), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). The period of the study was divided into two: before the heavy snowfall event (BS) and during and after the heavy snowfall event (AS). The rate of RL was slightly decreased in AS (1.18 ± 0.03 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹) compared with that in BS (1.19 ± 0.02 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹). The relationships between RL and ST, SM, RF, and LWC, respectively, were all statistically significant (p < 0.05) in both periods. However, the relationships between RL and TL and NH₄⁺-N, respectively, were not statistically significant for either period. The relationship between RL and NO₃⁻-N was statistically significant for AS but not for BS. The relationship between RL and RF was statistically significant from 2011 to 2018. The temperature dependence of soil respiration was higher in BS than in AS, and the effect of litter removal was 2.55 % and 2.32 % for AS and BS respectively. The results indicate that current global terrestrial models underestimate RL trends for the feedback of global climate change in subtropical forests.
    Keywords ammonium nitrogen ; automation ; carbon dioxide ; climate change ; nitrate nitrogen ; plant litter ; rain ; rhizodeposition ; snow ; soil ecology ; soil respiration ; soil temperature ; soil water ; water content ; China ; Litterfall respiration ; Soil moisture ; Snowfall events ; Subtropical forests ; Ailao Mountain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1196758-4
    ISSN 0929-1393
    ISSN 0929-1393
    DOI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104668
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  6. Article: Fine root dynamics and partitioning of root respiration into growth and maintenance components in cool temperate deciduous and evergreen forests

    Sun, Lifei / Hirano, Takashi / Yazaki, Tomotsugu / Teramoto, Munemasa / Liang, Naishen

    Plant and soil. 2020 Jan., v. 446, no. 1-2

    2020  

    Abstract: AIMS: We aim to show the seasonality of fine root dynamics and examine the relationship between root respiration (Rᵣ) and fine root dynamics. In addition, we try partitioning Rᵣ into growth (Rg) and maintenance (Rₘ) components. METHODS: Soil respiration ( ...

    Abstract AIMS: We aim to show the seasonality of fine root dynamics and examine the relationship between root respiration (Rᵣ) and fine root dynamics. In addition, we try partitioning Rᵣ into growth (Rg) and maintenance (Rₘ) components. METHODS: Soil respiration (Rₛ), fine root biomass (B), and fine root production (P) were measured simultaneously over a growing season in adjoining deciduous (DF) and evergreen (EF) forests. The Rᵣ was separated from Rₛ by the trenching method, and Rᵣ was partitioned into Rg and Rₘ using an empirical model. RESULTS: The seasonality of P was almost the same in both forests, though that of B was different. The Rᵣ showed a positive correlation with P in both sites. Annual Rᵣ was estimated to be 610 (DF) and 393 (EF) g C m⁻² year⁻¹. Annual Rg and Rₘ were 121 and 166 (DF), and 86 and 182 (EF) g C m⁻² year⁻¹, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found a clear seasonal pattern in P and a positive linearity between Rᵣ and P. Despite considerable uncertainty due to the small sample size, presence of larger roots, and measurement uncertainty, the results suggest that our approach is capable of partitioning Rᵣ.
    Keywords biomass ; empirical models ; fine roots ; sample size ; seasonal variation ; soil ; soil respiration ; uncertainty
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-01
    Size p. 471-486.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 208908-7
    ISSN 1573-5036 ; 0032-079X
    ISSN (online) 1573-5036
    ISSN 0032-079X
    DOI 10.1007/s11104-019-04343-z
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  7. Article ; Online: Abiotic and biotic factors controlling the dynamics of soil respiration in a coastal dune ecosystem in western Japan.

    Teramoto, Munemasa / Hamamoto, Toru / Liang, Naishen / Taniguchi, Takeshi / Ito, Takehiko Y / Hu, Richa / Yamanaka, Norikazu

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 14320

    Abstract: In this study, we examined the abiotic and biotic factors controlling the dynamics of soil respiration ( ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we examined the abiotic and biotic factors controlling the dynamics of soil respiration (R
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Japan ; Plants ; Respiration ; Seasons ; Soil
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-17787-8
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  8. Article ; Online: Divergent accumulation of amino sugars and lignins mediated by soil functional carbon pools under tropical forest conversion

    Li, Tengteng / Cheng, Hao / Li, Yue / Mou, Zhijian / Zhu, Xiaomin / Wu, Wenjia / Zhang, Jing / Kuang, Luhui / Wang, Jun / Hui, Dafeng / Lambers, H. / Sardans, Jordi / Peñuelas, Josep / Ren, Hai / Mohti, Azian Binti / Liang, Naishen / Liu, Zhanfeng

    Science of the Total Environment. 2023 July, v. 881 p.163204-

    2023  

    Abstract: Tropical primary forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate and converted for other land uses which is expected to greatly influence soil carbon (C) cycling. However, our understanding of how tropical forest conversions affect the accumulation of ... ...

    Abstract Tropical primary forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate and converted for other land uses which is expected to greatly influence soil carbon (C) cycling. However, our understanding of how tropical forest conversions affect the accumulation of compounds in soil functional C pools remains unclear. Here, we collected soils from primary forests (PF), secondary forests (SF), oil-palm (OP), and rubber plantations (RP), and assessed the accumulation of plant- and microbial-derived compounds within soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate (POC) and mineral-associated (MAOC) organic C. PF conversion to RP greatly decreased SOC, POC, and MAOC concentrations, whereas conversion to SF increased POC concentrations and decreased MAOC concentrations, and conversion to OP only increased POC concentrations. PF conversion to RP decreased lignin concentrations and increased amino sugar concentrations in SOC pools which increased the stability of SOC, whereas conversion to SF only increased the lignin concentrations in POC, and conversion to OP just increased lignin concentrations in POC and decreased it in MAOC. We observed divergent dynamics of amino sugars (decrease) and lignin (increase) in SOC with increasing SOC. Only lignin concentrations increased in POC with increasing POC and amino sugars concentrations decreased in MAOC with increasing MAOC. Conversion to RP significantly decreased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomasses. Lignin accumulation was associated with microbial properties, whereas amino sugar accumulation was mainly associated with soil nutrients and stoichiometries. These results suggest that the divergent accumulation of plant- and microbial-derived C in SOC was delivered by the distribution and original composition of functional C pools under forest conversions. Forest conversions changed the formation and stabilization processes of SOC in the long run which was associated with converted plantations and management. The important roles of soil nutrients and stoichiometry also provide a natural-based solution to enhance SOC sequestration via nutrient management in tropical forests.
    Keywords carbon sequestration ; deforestation ; environment ; lignin ; nutrient management ; rubber ; soil ; soil enzymes ; soil organic carbon ; stoichiometry ; sugars ; tropical forests ; Amino sugars ; Particulate organic carbon ; Mineral-associated organic carbon ; Tropical forest conversions
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-07
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163204
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  9. Article ; Online: High-resolution data on the impact of warming on soil CO

    Liang, Naishen / Teramoto, Munemasa / Takagi, Masahiro / Zeng, Jiye

    Scientific data

    2017  Volume 4, Page(s) 170026

    Abstract: This paper describes a project for evaluation of global warming's impacts on soil carbon dynamics in Japanese forest ecosystems. We started a soil warming experiment in late 2008 in a 55-year-old evergreen broad-leaved forest at the boundary between the ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes a project for evaluation of global warming's impacts on soil carbon dynamics in Japanese forest ecosystems. We started a soil warming experiment in late 2008 in a 55-year-old evergreen broad-leaved forest at the boundary between the subtropical and warm-temperate biomes in southern Japan. We used infrared carbon-filament heat lamps to increase soil temperature by about 2.5 °C at a depth of 5 cm and continuously recorded CO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017--14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/sdata.2017.26
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  10. Article: Enhanced understory carbon flux components and robustness of net CO2 exchange after thinning in a larch forest in central Japan

    Teramoto, Munemasa / Liang, Naishen / Takahashi, Yoshiyuki / Zeng, Jiye / Saigusa, Nobuko / Ide, Reiko / Zhao, Xin

    Agricultural and forest meteorology. 2019 Aug. 15, v. 274

    2019  

    Abstract: Thinning is a necessary procedure for the sustainable management of plantation forests. Thinning has a remarkable influence on forest carbon balance; however, there are limited studies showing the integrated assessment of the effects of thinning on ... ...

    Abstract Thinning is a necessary procedure for the sustainable management of plantation forests. Thinning has a remarkable influence on forest carbon balance; however, there are limited studies showing the integrated assessment of the effects of thinning on several understory carbon flux components using long-term monitoring data. We measured understory flux components using automated chambers continuously over 12 years to understand the effects of forest thinning conducted in May 2014 and March 2015 and to elucidate the effect of short-term climate change on understory carbon balance in a Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg.) forest in central Japan. Although thinning (39% decrease in tree stems) increased the mean annual soil moisture by 16.5% and growing season soil temperature by 2.4%, large inter-annual variations in precipitation and soil temperature largely masked the effects of thinning on both soil respiration (Rs) and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh). Annual mean soil temperature was positively related to all annual efflux components. Thinning also increased the understory photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFDu) by 63.1% during the growing season (May to October). In post-thinning years, the average three-year understory photosynthesis (GPPu), understory plant respiration (Rp), and total understory respiration (Ru) increased significantly by 59.5%, 99.7%, and 26.9%, respectively. The net understory CO2 exchange (NUE = Ru − GPPu) changed significantly only in 2015 (13.8%). A marginally significant change in NUE based on the three-year average in post-thinning years was also detected (14.4%). Our results indicated each flux component (especially GPPu, Rp, and Ru) changed dramatically after thinning. In contrast, the NUE of this forest was relatively more robust than other enhanced understory flux components. However, the marginally significant increase of NUE (3-year average in post-thinning years) implied a slight increase in NUE after thinning.
    Keywords Larix kaempferi ; automation ; carbon ; carbon dioxide ; cell respiration ; climate change ; forest plantations ; forests ; growing season ; monitoring ; photons ; photosynthesis ; soil respiration ; soil temperature ; soil water ; stems ; trees ; understory ; Japan
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0815
    Size p. 106-117.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 409905-9
    ISSN 0168-1923
    ISSN 0168-1923
    DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.04.008
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