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Article ; Online: Intraosseous hemangioma with aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes of the hyoid bone: Case report and literature review.

Oh, Jeonghyun / Han, Song Iy / Lim, Sung-Chul

2024 Volume 103, Issue 6, Page(s) e37137

Abstract: Rationale: Intraosseous hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor of the bone that can affect any body part; however, the most common site is the vertebra, followed by calvarial bones.: Patient concerns: We present a case of intraosseous hemangioma ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Intraosseous hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor of the bone that can affect any body part; however, the most common site is the vertebra, followed by calvarial bones. Patient concerns: We present a case of intraosseous hemangioma in a 23-year-old male who presented a feeling of fullness in the throat for 3 months. The hyoid bone level had a hard mass of about 5 cm. Fine needle aspiration showed 5 mL dark bloody aspirates. Magnetic resonance image showed a 5.3 cm mixed signal intensity lesion in the hyoid body. Diagnosis: Histopathologic examination showed intraosseous hemangioma with aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)-like changes in the hyoid bone. Interventions: The mass was completely removed without significant problems. Outcomes: Complete mass excision and symptomatic improvements were achieved, and no subsequent relapses were observed. Lessons: The authors experienced a case of intraosseous hemangioma with ABC-like changes. There has been no case report of intraosseous hemangioma in the hyoid bone. This case showed a spectral pattern of the ABC-like changes developing from the underlying bone tumor as a secondary change. ABC-like changes in bone tumors can mislead the diagnosis. Careful examination of the tumor is essential for the correct diagnosis of ABC or ABC-like changes.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Hyoid Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Hyoid Bone/surgery ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/diagnostic imaging ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/surgery ; Skull/pathology ; Skull/abnormalities ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery ; Vascular Neoplasms ; Neck Injuries ; Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging ; Hemangioma/surgery ; Spine/pathology ; Spine/abnormalities ; Vascular Malformations
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000037137
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Article ; Online: Fascin Regulates the Hippo Pathway and Is Important for Melanoma Development.

Kang, Byung-Soo / Lim, Sung-Chul

Anticancer research

2021 Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 2403–2410

Abstract: Background/aim: Fascin, an actin-bundling protein, plays an essential role in cancer metastasis. The Hippo pathway is critical for carcinogenesis and cancer stem cell self-renewal. Mammalian STE20-like kinase (MST) is a core component of the Hippo ... ...

Abstract	Background/aim: Fascin, an actin-bundling protein, plays an essential role in cancer metastasis. The Hippo pathway is critical for carcinogenesis and cancer stem cell self-renewal. Mammalian STE20-like kinase (MST) is a core component of the Hippo pathway. However, whether fascin and MST2 affect melanoma remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of fascin and MST2 in melanoma development. Materials and methods: Surgically excised skin melanomas and the adjacent non-tumorous skin tissue from 30 cases were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for fascin and MST2. The melanoma cell line WM793 was employed for fascin and MST2 knock-down followed by western blotting, and melanoma xenografting in BALB/c mice. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of fascin and decreased expression of MST2 in melanoma. The reverse correlation of fascin and MST2 was statistically significant. Fascin siRNA upregulated MST2 expression; however, MST2 siRNA did not significantly affect fascin expression in the WM793. WM793 xenografting followed by fascin knock-down inhibited tumor growth significantly in the animal study. Conclusion: Fascin is a regulator of the Hippo pathway and plays an important role in melanoma development. Therefore, fascin could be a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Melanoma/genetics ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Melanoma/therapy ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNAi Therapeutics/methods ; Serine-Threonine Kinase 3 ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Microfilament Proteins ; fascin (146808-54-0) ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; STK3 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Serine-Threonine Kinase 3 (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-05
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604549-2
ISSN	1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
ISSN (online)	1791-7530
ISSN	0250-7005
DOI	10.21873/anticanres.15015
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Article ; Online: Anticancer Effect of Gallic Acid on Acidity-Induced Invasion of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Hong, Ran / Lim, Sung-Chul / Lee, Tae-Bum / Han, Song-Iy

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 16

Abstract: The acidic tumor environment has emerged as a crucial factor influencing the metastatic potential of cancer. We investigated the effect of an acidic environment on the acquisition of metastatic properties in MCF7 breast cancer cells and explored the ... ...

Abstract	The acidic tumor environment has emerged as a crucial factor influencing the metastatic potential of cancer. We investigated the effect of an acidic environment on the acquisition of metastatic properties in MCF7 breast cancer cells and explored the inhibitory effects of gallic acid. Prolonged exposure to acidic culture conditions (over 12 weeks at pH 6.4) induced the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties in MCF7 cells, accompanied by increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9, respectively), together with alterations in E-cadherin, vimentin, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. Gallic acid effectively inhibited the survival of acidity-adapted MCF7 (MCF7-6.4/12w) cells at high concentrations (>30 μM) and reduced metastatic characteristics induced by acidic conditions at low concentration ranges (5-20 μM). Moreover, gallic acid suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which were elevated in MCF7-6.4/12w cells. These findings highlight the potential of gallic acid as a promising therapeutic agent for metastatic traits in breast cancer cells under acidic conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Gallic Acid/pharmacology ; MCF-7 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Heartburn ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (EC 3.4.24.24) ; Gallic Acid (632XD903SP) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15163596
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Article ; Online: Synchronous cutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor and submucosal angiomyolipoma in type 1 neurofibromatosis: A case report and literature review.

Kim, Kyung Jong / Kim, Min Sung / Hong, Ran / Lim, Sung-Chul

Medicine

2023 Volume 102, Issue 3, Page(s) e32696

Abstract: Rationale: Type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is one of the most prevalent genetic conditions. NF1 is characterized by cutaneous plexiform neurofibromas and café au lait skin pigmentation, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant trait with mutation in the ...

Abstract	Rationale: Type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is one of the most prevalent genetic conditions. NF1 is characterized by cutaneous plexiform neurofibromas and café au lait skin pigmentation, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant trait with mutation in the neurofibromin 1 gene on chromosome 17. Neurofibromin is involved in Ras proto-oncogene regulation. Accordingly, NF1 may lead to malignancies, with a lifetime cancer risk of 60%. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is the leading cause of mortality due to NF1. The relevance of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in NF1 is increasingly being reported in the literature and NF1-associated GIST has been identified to have an alternative molecular pathogenesis. Patient concerns: A 62-years-old female had a 7 × 5 cm growing back mass in the background of various sized cutaneous neurofibromas with café au lait spots. Computed tomography performed in the workup revealed a 4.1 cm enhancing mass near the ileal mesentery. Diagnoses: NF1 affected by cutaneous MPNST of the back, and synchronous GIST and submucosal angiomyolipoma (AML) of the jejunum. Interventions: The patient underwent laparoscopic jejunal mass excision, and excision and flap coverage for the back mass owing to the suspicion of multiple MPNSTs. However, the abdominal masses were diagnosed as GIST and AML following confirmation of the immunohistochemical profiles. Accordingly, the patient was administered adjuvant radiotherapy to the MPNST after surgery. Outcomes: Symptomatic improvements were achieved, and no subsequent relapses were observed. Lessons: Although MPNST and GIST are not rare neoplasm in NF1, only 2 case reports have been published on the synchronous occurrence of these tumors. Moreover, no case report has been published on AML in NF1, except 1 renal AML in segmental neurofibromatosis. Identifying the clinical and pathologic significances of the NF1 is important to achieve improved diagnostic accuracy.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis ; Neurofibrosarcoma ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/diagnosis ; Jejunum/pathology ; Angiomyolipoma ; Neurofibromin 1/genetics ; Neurofibroma ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Hamartoma ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Chemical Substances	Neurofibromin 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000032696
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Article ; Online: Expression and Prognostic Significance of CDK8 and β-Catenin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Han, Song Iy / Lim, Sung-Chul

In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2020 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 1387–1394

Abstract: Background/aim: Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is known to play an important role in the early development and progression of various cancers, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also involved in cancer progression. Nevertheless, relatively little is ... ...

Abstract	Background/aim: Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is known to play an important role in the early development and progression of various cancers, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also involved in cancer progression. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of the β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: The complete clinicopathological features of 122 pairs of HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were analyzed and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the aberrant expression of CDK8 and β-catenin. Overall survival rates (OSRs) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate analysis was used to assess the prognostic values. Results: Aberrant expression of nuclear β-catenin and CDK8 are independent prognostic variables that negatively affect the OSR. The aberrant expression of CDK8 was associated with the dysregulated expression of β-catenin and correlated with a poor prognosis. Conclusion: Inhibition of CDK8 and/or nuclear β-catenin expression pattern could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; beta Catenin/genetics
Chemical Substances	beta Catenin ; CDK8 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.22) ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (EC 2.7.11.22)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-29
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	807031-3
ISSN	1791-7549 ; 0258-851X
ISSN (online)	1791-7549
ISSN	0258-851X
DOI	10.21873/invivo.11918
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Article ; Online: Rare Case of Renal-type Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate and Review of the Literature.

Han, Song Iy / Lim, Sung-Chul

In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2020 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 2751–2756

Abstract: Background/aim: Renal-type clear cell carcinoma (RTCCC) occurring as a primary tumor in an extra-renal location, especially in the prostate, is very rare. In this report, we present a rare case of RTCCC of the prostate and review the current literature ... ...

Abstract	Background/aim: Renal-type clear cell carcinoma (RTCCC) occurring as a primary tumor in an extra-renal location, especially in the prostate, is very rare. In this report, we present a rare case of RTCCC of the prostate and review the current literature on this condition. Case report: The patient was a 76-year-old man who presented with urinary symptoms. Cystoscopic findings showed tumor-like lesions in the dome, neck, and anterior wall of the urinary bladder. Biopsy revealed clear cell carcinoma (CCC). Transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate revealed prostatic adenocarcinoma with CCC features. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells of the bladder and prostate were compatible with prostatic carcinoma. The whole-body radiologic workup did not reveal any renal or other organ malignancies. Transurethral resection of the prostate and bladder tumor was performed. The patient underwent regular follow-up cystoscopic examination and urine cytology. No recurrence was observed 19 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion: This was a case of RTCCC arising in the prostate. RTCCC of the prostate is extremely rare and shows very similar histological and immunohistochemical features to those of CCC occurring in the kidney. Pathologists should be aware of such an entity whenever they see clear cells in urinary tract malignancies.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging ; Prostate/surgery ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	807031-3
ISSN	1791-7549 ; 0258-851X
ISSN (online)	1791-7549
ISSN	0258-851X
DOI	10.21873/invivo.12098
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Article ; Online: A Rare Case of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Prostate and Review of the Literature.

Kim, Min Seok / Lim, Sung-Chul

In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2020 Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 2043–2048

Abstract: Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare type of soft-tissue neoplasm. IMT of the urinary tract is more common in the bladder and kidneys. Prostatic IMT is extremely rare.: Case report: We present a rare case of IMT of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare type of soft-tissue neoplasm. IMT of the urinary tract is more common in the bladder and kidneys. Prostatic IMT is extremely rare. Case report: We present a rare case of IMT of the prostate and a literature review on this condition. The patient was a 72-year-old man who presented with urinary symptoms. Transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate revealed prostatic adenocarcinoma with nodular hyperplasia. Radical prostatectomy revealed IMT without residual adenocarcinoma. On immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells showed positive immunoreactivity for α-smooth muscle actin, CD10, CD34, and desmin but negative immunoreactivities for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), receptor tyrosine kinase (c-KIT), and S-100 protein. The patient underwent regular follow-up examination. No recurrence was observed 4 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion: This was a case of IMT arising in the prostate. Pathologists should be aware of such an entity whenever they see spindle-cell lesions in the transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/diagnosis ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Chemical Substances	Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	807031-3
ISSN	1791-7549 ; 0258-851X
ISSN (online)	1791-7549
ISSN	0258-851X
DOI	10.21873/invivo.12005
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Article: Changes in the Brain in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis: An Initial Case Series.

Lim, Sung Chul / Oh, Juhee / Hong, Bo Young / Lim, Seong Hoon

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a network disorder of the brain. Network disorders predominately involve dysregulation of hippocampal function caused by neuronal hyperexcitability. However, the relationship between the macro- and microscopic changes in ... ...

Abstract	Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a network disorder of the brain. Network disorders predominately involve dysregulation of hippocampal function caused by neuronal hyperexcitability. However, the relationship between the macro- and microscopic changes in specific brain regions is uncertain. In this study, the pattern of brain atrophy in patients with TLE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) was investigated using volumetry, and microscopic changes in specific lesions were observed to examine the anatomical correspondence with specific target lesions using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with statistical parametric mapping (SPM). This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 17 patients with TLE and HS. We manually measured the volumes of the hippocampus (HC), amygdala (AMG), entorhinal cortex, fornix, and thalamus (TH) bilaterally. The mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy of each patient were then quantified and analyzed by a voxel-based statistical correlation method using SPM8. In right TLE with HS, there was no evidence of any abnormal diffusion properties associated with the volume reduction in specific brain regions. In left TLE with HS, there were significant changes in the volumes of the AMG, HC, and TH. Despite the small sample size, these differences in conditions were considered meaningful. Chronic left TLE with HS might cause structural changes in the AMG, HC, and TH, unlike right TLE with HS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10091648
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Article ; Online: Intra-muscular follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in the thigh: A case report.

Cho, Yong Jin / Han, Song Iy / Lim, Sung-Chul

Medicine

2021 Volume 100, Issue 36, Page(s) e27209

Abstract: Rationale: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is an intermediate-grade malignancy originating from follicular dendritic cells. Nodal FDCS is the most common type, meaning that the extranodal type may not be recognized and could be easily ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is an intermediate-grade malignancy originating from follicular dendritic cells. Nodal FDCS is the most common type, meaning that the extranodal type may not be recognized and could be easily misdiagnosed. Reported extranodal sites include the head and neck, retroperitoneum, spleen, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. FDCS in the soft tissue is extremely rare. Patient concerns: A 75-year-old male presented with complaints of a localized swelling and intra-muscular soft tissue mass in the left upper thigh. Diagnosis: The present tumor consisted of fascicular or vague storiform-arranged spindle cells with less pleomorphism and many lymphoid aggregates. Tumor cells were positive for CD21, CD35, CD68, vimentin, and EGFR. Intra-muscular FDCS was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. Interventions: The patient received a wide marginal excision, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Outcomes: Symptomatic improvements were achieved and no subsequent relapses were observed. Lessons: If the tumor arises in the extranodal sites, especially in the soft tissue, it is difficult to include FDCS in the differential diagnosis. When the immunoprofile is not consistent with that of common spindle cell tumors, immunostaining for follicular dendritic cell markers such as CD21, CD23, and CD35, as well as further immunohistochemistry for D2-40, CD68, EGFR, Epstein-Barr virus, and BRAF can be helpful for the diagnosis and subtyping of FDCS. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first case of intramuscular FDCS.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/diagnosis ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/diagnostic imaging ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Thigh
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000027209
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Article ; Online: Evolution of magnetic resonance imaging features in cerebral parenchyma from prolonged focal status epilepticus: a case study.

Lim, Sung Chul / Cho, Jung Hee / Shon, Young-Min

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)

2021 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 58–63

Abstract: It has rarely been documented that permanent alteration of cerebral structures occurs by focal status epilepticus (FSE). We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with FSE in whom serial T1-weighted magnetic resonance volumetry and conventional magnetic ... ...

Abstract	It has rarely been documented that permanent alteration of cerebral structures occurs by focal status epilepticus (FSE). We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with FSE in whom serial T1-weighted magnetic resonance volumetry and conventional magnetic resonance imaging were useful for investigating an evolving pattern of morphological changes during and after the FSE, including cortical laminar necrosis (CLN), increased T2 signal intensities, and marked regional atrophy on the corresponding areas. Despite cessation of FSE after adequate medication (combination therapy including clobazam of 1 mg/kg/day), further significant cerebral atrophy was detected at the limited regions where discrete CLN had occurred during the FSE.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-08
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2734-1461
ISSN (online)	2734-1461
DOI	10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00171
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