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Article ; Online: The double-edged sword effect of indigo naturalis.

Xu, Yiqi / Lin, Chengyuan / Tan, Hor-Yue / Bian, Zhao-Xiang

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

2024 Volume 185, Page(s) 114476

Abstract: Indigo naturalis (IN) is a dried powder derived from plants such as Baphicacanthus cusia (Neeks) Bremek., Polygonum tinctorium Ait. and Isatis indigotica Fork. It has a historical application as a dye in ancient India, Egypt, Africa and China. Over time, ...

Abstract	Indigo naturalis (IN) is a dried powder derived from plants such as Baphicacanthus cusia (Neeks) Bremek., Polygonum tinctorium Ait. and Isatis indigotica Fork. It has a historical application as a dye in ancient India, Egypt, Africa and China. Over time, it has been introduced to China and Japan for treatment of various ailments including hemoptysis, epistaxis, chest discomfort, and aphtha. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have widely demonstrated its promising effects on autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and Ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite the documented efficacy of IN in UC patients, concerns have been raised on the development of adverse effects with long term consumption, prompting a closer examination of its safety and tolerability in these contexts. This review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy of IN in both clinical and pre-clinical settings, with a detailed exploration of the mechanisms of action involved. Additionally, it summarizes the observed potential toxicity of IN in animal and human settings was summarized. This review will deepen our understanding on the beneficial and detrimental effects of IN in UC, providing valuable insights for its future application in patients with this condition.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Indigo Carmine/therapeutic use ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Psoriasis/chemically induced ; China
Chemical Substances	Indigo Carmine (D3741U8K7L) ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782617-5
ISSN	1873-6351 ; 0278-6915
ISSN (online)	1873-6351
ISSN	0278-6915
DOI	10.1016/j.fct.2024.114476
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Article ; Online: One-step enrichment of phenolics from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai fruit using macroporous resin: Adsorption/desorption characteristics, process optimization and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS-based quantification.

Hou, Mengyang / Lin, Chengyuan / Ma, Yanhua / Shi, Jingchun / Liu, Jie / Zhu, Lin / Bian, Zhaoxiang

Food chemistry

2023 Volume 439, Page(s) 138085

Abstract: Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai fruit is a good source of phenolics with many health benefits. In this work, the enrichment of C. speciosa fruit total phenolics (CSFTP) using macroporous resins was studied. NKA-Ⅱ resin was selected for enriching CSFTP ...

Abstract	Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai fruit is a good source of phenolics with many health benefits. In this work, the enrichment of C. speciosa fruit total phenolics (CSFTP) using macroporous resins was studied. NKA-Ⅱ resin was selected for enriching CSFTP due to its highest adsorption/desorption quantity. Adsorption characteristics of CSFTP on NKA-Ⅱ resin exhibited a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetics model. This adsorption was spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-decreasing through a physisorption mechanism. The breakthrough-elution curves were studied to optimize CSFTP enrichment conditions. One-step enrichment increased CSFTP content in the extracts from 26.51 % to 78.63 %, with a recovery of 81.03 %. A UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of seven phenolic compounds. This study demonstrates the feasibility of industrial enrichment of CSFTP using NKA-Ⅱ resin and proposes a reliable method for quality control of CSFTP-rich products.
MeSH term(s)	Plant Extracts ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Adsorption ; Fruit ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Phenols ; Resins, Plant ; Rosaceae
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts ; Phenols ; Resins, Plant
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138085
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Article ; Online: Translation initiation landscape profiling reveals hidden open-reading frames required for the pathogenesis of tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus.

Chiu, Ching-Wen / Li, Ya-Ru / Lin, Cheng-Yuan / Yeh, Hsin-Hung / Liu, Ming-Jung

The Plant cell

2022 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 1804–1821

Abstract: Plant viruses with densely packed genomes employ noncanonical translational strategies to increase the coding capacity for viral function. However, the diverse translational strategies used make it challenging to define the full set of viral genes. Here, ...

Abstract	Plant viruses with densely packed genomes employ noncanonical translational strategies to increase the coding capacity for viral function. However, the diverse translational strategies used make it challenging to define the full set of viral genes. Here, using tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV, genus Begomovirus) as a model system, we identified genes beyond the annotated gene sets by experimentally profiling in vivo translation initiation sites (TISs). We found that unanticipated AUG TISs were prevalent and determined that their usage involves alternative transcriptional and/or translational start sites and is associated with flanking mRNA sequences. Specifically, two downstream in-frame TISs were identified in the viral gene AV2. These TISs were conserved in the begomovirus lineage and led to the translation of different protein isoforms localized to cytoplasmic puncta and at the cell periphery, respectively. In addition, we found translational evidence of an unexplored gene, BV2. BV2 is conserved among TYLCTHV isolates and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasmodesmata. Mutations of AV2 isoforms and BV2 significantly attenuated disease symptoms in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In conclusion, our study pinpointing in vivo TISs untangles the coding complexity of a plant viral genome and, more importantly, illustrates the biological significance of the hidden open-reading frames encoding viral factors for pathogenicity.
MeSH term(s)	Begomovirus/genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Solanum lycopersicum/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	623171-8
ISSN	1532-298X ; 1040-4651
ISSN (online)	1532-298X
ISSN	1040-4651
DOI	10.1093/plcell/koac019
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Article: Alkaloid from

Lai, Qi / Yang, Chun-Ju / Zhang, Qi / Zhuang, Min / Ma, Yan-Hua / Lin, Cheng-Yuan / Zeng, Guang-Zhi / Yin, Jun-Lin

Frontiers in pharmacology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1085309

Abstract: Liver cancer belongs to Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies which is a common clinical disease, a thorny public health problem, and one of the major diseases that endanger human health. Molecules from natural products (NPs) or their derivatives play an ... ...

Abstract	Liver cancer belongs to Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies which is a common clinical disease, a thorny public health problem, and one of the major diseases that endanger human health. Molecules from natural products (NPs) or their derivatives play an increasingly important role in various chronic diseases such as GI cancers. The chemical composition of the
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2022.1085309
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Article ; Online: Tolerogenic dendritic cell-mediated regulatory T cell differentiation by Chinese herbal formulation attenuates colitis progression.

Huang, Chunhua / Lyu, Cheng / Mok, Heung-Lam / Xu, Yiqi / Cheng, Ka-Wing / Zhang, Cheng / Hu, Die / Zhu, Lin / Lin, Chengyuan / Chen, Xin / Tan, Hor-Yue / Bian, Zhaoxiang

Journal of advanced research

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance to luminal antigens and progressive intestinal tissue injury. Thus, the re-establishment of immune tolerance is crucial for suppressing ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance to luminal antigens and progressive intestinal tissue injury. Thus, the re-establishment of immune tolerance is crucial for suppressing aberrant immune responses and UC progression. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the action of CDD-2103 and its bioactive compounds in mediating immune regulation in mouse models of colitis. Methods: Two experimental colitis models, chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- and T-cell transfer-induced Rag1 Results: CDD-2103 dose-dependently suppresses the progression of colitis induced by chemicals or T cell transplantation in Rag1 Conclusion: Overall, our study demonstrated that the clinically beneficial effect of CDD-2103 in the treatment of UC is based on the induction of immune tolerance. In addition, this study supports berberine and palmatine as potential chemical entities in CDD-2103 that modulate immune tolerance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2541849-X
ISSN	2090-1224 ; 2090-1224
ISSN (online)	2090-1224
ISSN	2090-1224
DOI	10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.023
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Article ; Online: Production and characterization of single-chain variable fragment antibodies targeting the breast cancer tumor marker nectin-4.

Liu, Ching-Hsuan / Leu, Sy-Jye / Lee, Chi-Hsin / Lin, Cheng-Yuan / Wang, Wei-Chu / Tsai, Bor-Yu / Lee, Yu-Ching / Chen, Chi-Long / Yang, Yi-Yuan / Lin, Liang-Tzung

Frontiers in immunology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1292019

Abstract: Background: Nectin-4 is a novel biomarker overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, in which it has been associated with poor prognosis. Current literature suggests that nectin-4 has a role in cancer progression and may have ... ...

Abstract	Background: Nectin-4 is a novel biomarker overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, in which it has been associated with poor prognosis. Current literature suggests that nectin-4 has a role in cancer progression and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. The present study aims to produce nectin-4-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies and evaluate their applications in breast cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Methods: We generated recombinant nectin-4 ectodomain fragments as immunogens to immunize chickens and the chickens' immunoglobulin genes were amplified for construction of anti-nectin-4 scFv libraries using phage display. The binding capacities of the selected clones were evaluated with the recombinant nectin-4 fragments, breast cancer cell lines, and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using various laboratory approaches. The binding affinity and Results: We have selected two clones (S21 and L4) from the libraries with superior binding capacity. S21 yielded higher signals when used as the primry antibody for western blot analysis and flow cytometry, whereas clone L4 generated cleaner and stronger signals in immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. In addition, both scFvs could diminish attachment-free cell aggregation of nectin-4-positive breast cancer cells. As results from ELISA indicated that L4 bound more efficiently to fixed nectin-4 ectodomain, molecular docking analysis was further performed and demonstrated that L4 possesses multiple polar contacts with nectin-4 and diversity in interacting residues. Conclusion: Overall, the nectin-4-specific scFvs could recognize nectin-4 expressed by breast cancer cells and have the merit of being further explored for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics ; Nectins ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Chickens ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Single-Chain Antibodies ; Nectins ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292019
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Article ; Online: Modified Zhenwu Decoction suppresses chronic colitis via targeting macrophage CCR2/Fyn/p38 MAPK signaling axis.

Mok, Heung Lam / Cheng, Ka Wing / Xu, Yiqi / Huang, Chunhua / Lyu, Cheng / Xu, Jiaruo / Hu, Die / Zhu, Lin / Lin, Chengyuan / Tan, Hor-Yue / Bian, Zhaoxiang

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2024 Volume 129, Page(s) 155694

Abstract: Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with intestinal macrophage infiltration due to disruption of the mucosal barrier and bacterial invasion. Therefore, it is crucial to identify therapeutic agents capable of attenuating the macrophage- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with intestinal macrophage infiltration due to disruption of the mucosal barrier and bacterial invasion. Therefore, it is crucial to identify therapeutic agents capable of attenuating the macrophage-induced inflammatory response to preserve mucosal homeostasis and immune tolerance. The modified Zhenwu decoction (CDD-2103) is a novel herbal formulation developed based on the principles of Traditional Chinese medicine. To date, there are no clinically approved herbal formulations for UC with a well-known mechanism of action on macrophages. Purpose: The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the inhibitory effect of the active fraction of CDD-2103 in a mouse model of chronic colitis and delineate the mechanisms underlying its inhibitory action. Methods: CDD-2103 was extracted into four fractions using organic solvents with increasing polarity. A chronic 49-day dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model, closely resembling human clinical conditions, was used to examine the effect of CDD-2103 on chronic colitis. To confirm the effect of CDD-2103 on macrophages in this chronic colitis model, adoptive macrophage transfer and CCL2 supplementation were conducted. The mechanisms of action of CDD-2103 were further elucidated utilizing bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Transcriptome analysis was conducted to gain insights into the underlying mechanism of action of CDD-2103 in BMDMs. Results: Our in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrated that the ethanol-enriched fraction of CDD-2103 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects, leading to the suppression of colitis severity. This effect was associated with diminished accumulation of colonic macrophages in the lamina propria of CDD-2103-intervened colitis mice. Specifically, CDD-2103 inhibited CCR2/L2-mediated proinflammatory macrophage infiltration into the colon without affecting macrophage proliferation. Mechanistically, CDD-2103 inhibited Fyn expression-mediated p38 MAPK activation and subsequently suppressed CCR2 expression in BMDMs. Conclusions: Collectively, our study supports the potential use of CDD-2103 to limit macrophage infiltration, thereby reducing inflammation during UC treatment. CDD-2103 and the components in the ethanolic fraction are promising candidates for the development of novel drugs for UC management. Additionally, our study underscores Fyn-mediated CCR2 expression as a potential therapeutic target for the management of UC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155694
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Article: Mouse Spexin: (II) Functional Role as a Satiety Factor inhibiting Food Intake by Regulatory Actions Within the Hypothalamus.

Wong, Matthew K H / Chen, Yuan / He, Mulan / Lin, Chengyuan / Bian, Zhaoxiang / Wong, Anderson O L

Frontiers in endocrinology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 681647

Abstract: Spexin (SPX) is a pleiotropic peptide with highly conserved protein sequence from fish to mammals and its biological actions are mediated by GalR2/GalR3 receptors expressed in target tissues. Recently, SPX has been confirmed to be a novel satiety factor ... ...

Abstract	Spexin (SPX) is a pleiotropic peptide with highly conserved protein sequence from fish to mammals and its biological actions are mediated by GalR2/GalR3 receptors expressed in target tissues. Recently, SPX has been confirmed to be a novel satiety factor in fish species but whether the peptide has a similar function in mammals is still unclear. Using the mouse as a model, the functional role of SPX in feeding control and the mechanisms involved were investigated. After food intake, serum SPX in mice could be up-regulated with elevations of transcript expression and tissue content of SPX in the glandular stomach but not in other tissues examined. As revealed by immunohistochemical staining, food intake also intensified SPX signals in the major cell types forming the gastric glands (including the foveolar cells, parietal cells, and chief cells) within the gastric mucosa of glandular stomach. Furthermore, IP injection of SPX was effective in reducing food intake with parallel attenuation in transcript expression of NPY, AgRP, NPY type 5 receptor (NPY5R), and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the hypothalamus, and these inhibitory effects could be blocked by GalR3 but not GalR2 antagonism. In agreement with the central actions of SPX, similar inhibition on feeding and hypothalamic expression of NPY, AgRP, NPY5R, and GHSR could also be noted with ICV injection of SPX. In the same study, in contrast to the drop in NPY5R and GHSR, SPX treatment could induce parallel rises of transcript expression of leptin receptor (LepR) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus. These findings, as a whole, suggest that the role of SPX as a satiety factor is well conserved in the mouse. Apparently, food intake can induce SPX production in glandular stomach and contribute to the postprandial rise of SPX in circulation. Through GalR3 activation, this SPX signal can act within the hypothalamus to trigger feedback inhibition on feeding by differential modulation of feeding regulators (NPY and AgRP) and their receptors (NPY5R, GHSR, LepR, and MC4R) involved in the feeding circuitry within the CNS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Eating/physiology ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Mice ; Peptide Hormones/metabolism ; Receptors, Ghrelin/metabolism ; Satiation/physiology ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	Peptide Hormones ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; Spx protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2021.681647
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Article: Initial and Continuous Effects of Essential Oil Therapy in Relieving Knee Pain Among Older Adults With Osteoarthritis.

Lin, Cheng-Yuan / Liao, Hun-En / Change-Lee, Shu-Nu / Yen, Yea-Yin

Alternative therapies in health and medicine

2020 Volume 28, Issue 7, Page(s) 10–17

Abstract: Background: For older adults, osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease that may cause pain, stiffness, and even disability of the affected knee joints. Aromatherapy might presumed to be an alternative and supplemental therapy.: Primary study ... ...

Abstract	Background: For older adults, osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease that may cause pain, stiffness, and even disability of the affected knee joints. Aromatherapy might presumed to be an alternative and supplemental therapy. Primary study objective: To investigate the effects of aromatherapy on relieving knee pain and improving physical functions among older adults with OA. Methods/design: A true experimental design with randomized assignment of both treatment (aromatherapy) and control (placebo) groups was used for this study. Participants: Volunteers from 3 local communities aged ≥50 y with self-reported OA-related knee pain were recruited. Interventions: A synergistic blend of essential oils diluted to a concentration of 3% was administered to participants in treatment (essential oil) group, whereas mineral oil without essential oil was applied to participants in control (placebo) group. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), including subscales of pain, stiffness, and physical function, was employed to record scores before intervention, 4 wk postintervention, and 8 wk postintervention. Pain scores were also measured and collected by using the visual analog scale at the above counterparts. The Stata v.13 software was used to perform referent statistics with a significance level (α) of 0.05 adopted. Results: The progressive linear model showed that continuous use of essential oils for 8 wk not only relieves pain immediately, but also further reduces the pain scores of participants, thus proving the long-term effect of aromatherapy on alleviating knee arthritis. Repeated measures analysis of variance further showed that time (intervention duration) is an important factor affecting all outcome scores. Except for stiffness subscales measured by WOMAC, all interactions between groups were significant. Conclusions: Aromatherapy is validated to be an effective alternative therapy in improving clinical outcomes for patients with OA-induced knee conditions. In addition, longer intervention duration (8 wk instead of 4 wk) yielded better treatment results for participants.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Mineral Oil/therapeutic use ; Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy ; Pain/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Oils, Volatile ; Mineral Oil (8020-83-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1225073-9
ISSN	1078-6791
ISSN	1078-6791
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Article: Aqueous cinnamon extract ameliorates bowel dysfunction and enteric 5-HT synthesis in IBS rats.

Yu, Lijuan / Huang, Chunhua / Yang, Wei / Ren, Zhenxing / Li, Lifeng / Cheng, Huiyuan / Lin, Chengyuan / Zhai, Lixiang / Ning, Ziwan / Wong, Hoileong Xavier / Han, Quanbin / Jia, Wei / Bian, Zhaoxiang / Zhao, Ling

Frontiers in pharmacology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1010484

Abstract: Cinnamon protects against irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in humans, but its efficacy and underlying mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Maternally separated (MS) IBS-D rat model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- ... ...

Abstract	Cinnamon protects against irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in humans, but its efficacy and underlying mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Maternally separated (MS) IBS-D rat model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced post-inflammatory IBS-D rat model are characterized by visceral hyperalgesia and diarrhea. This study used the two models to evaluate the effect of cinnamon extract (CE) on bowel symptoms. The MS rat model was also used to explore its underlying anti-IBS mechanism. cinnamon extract reduced defecation frequency and visceral hyperalgesia in MS rats in a dose-dependent manner and effectively improved visceral hyperalgesia in TNBS rats. The efficacy of cinnamon extract was comparable to the positive drug serotonin receptor 3 (5-HT3) selective antagonist, Ramosetron. Excessive 5-HT, a well-known pathogenic factor for IBS, in the colon and circulation of IBS rats was reduced after cinnamon extract intervention. Both, gene and protein levels of the colonic 5-HT synthetase, Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), were also decreased in CE-treated IBS rats. In addition, a luciferase assay revealed that cinnamon extract and its major components, catechin, procyanidin B1/2, cinnamic acid, and cinnamyl alcohol, significantly inhibited
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2022.1010484
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