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Article ; Online: Programmed Cell Death Protein-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitors in NSCLC: Two Heads Are Better Than One.

Lin, Yen-Ting / Shih, Jin-Yuan

Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

2022 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 176–178

MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/therapeutic use ; B7-H1 Antigen/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2432037-7
ISSN	1556-1380 ; 1556-0864
ISSN (online)	1556-1380
ISSN	1556-0864
DOI	10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.004
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Book ; Online: LLM-Eval

Lin, Yen-Ting / Chen, Yun-Nung

Unified Multi-Dimensional Automatic Evaluation for Open-Domain Conversations with Large Language Models

2023

Abstract: We propose LLM-Eval, a unified multi-dimensional automatic evaluation method for open-domain conversations with large language models (LLMs). Existing evaluation methods often rely on human annotations, ground-truth responses, or multiple LLM prompts, ... ...

Abstract	We propose LLM-Eval, a unified multi-dimensional automatic evaluation method for open-domain conversations with large language models (LLMs). Existing evaluation methods often rely on human annotations, ground-truth responses, or multiple LLM prompts, which can be expensive and time-consuming. To address these issues, we design a single prompt-based evaluation method that leverages a unified evaluation schema to cover multiple dimensions of conversation quality in a single model call. We extensively evaluate the performance of LLM-Eval on various benchmark datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness, efficiency, and adaptability compared to state-of-the-art evaluation methods. Our analysis also highlights the importance of choosing suitable LLMs and decoding strategies for accurate evaluation results. LLM-Eval offers a versatile and robust solution for evaluating open-domain conversation systems, streamlining the evaluation process and providing consistent performance across diverse scenarios. Comment: Accepted at 5th NLP4ConvAI
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-05-23
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Taiwan LLM

Lin, Yen-Ting / Chen, Yun-Nung

Bridging the Linguistic Divide with a Culturally Aligned Language Model

2023

Abstract: In the realm of language models, the nuanced linguistic and cultural intricacies of Traditional Chinese, as spoken in Taiwan, have been largely overlooked. This paper introduces Taiwan LLM, a pioneering Large Language Model that specifically caters to ... ...

Abstract	In the realm of language models, the nuanced linguistic and cultural intricacies of Traditional Chinese, as spoken in Taiwan, have been largely overlooked. This paper introduces Taiwan LLM, a pioneering Large Language Model that specifically caters to the Traditional Chinese language, with a focus on the variant used in Taiwan. Leveraging a comprehensive pretraining corpus and instruction-finetuning datasets, we have developed a model that not only understands the complexities of Traditional Chinese but also embodies the cultural context of Taiwan. Taiwan LLM represents the first of its kind, a model that is not only linguistically accurate but also culturally resonant with its user base. Our evaluations demonstrate that Taiwan LLM achieves superior performance in understanding and generating Traditional Chinese text, outperforming existing models that are predominantly trained on Simplified Chinese or English. The open-source release of Taiwan LLM invites collaboration and further innovation, ensuring that the linguistic diversity of Chinese speakers is embraced and well-served. The model, datasets, and further resources are made publicly available to foster ongoing research and development in this field.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	410
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Using Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process to understand Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model and its Noise Schedules

Santos, Javier E. / Lin, Yen Ting

2023

Abstract: The aim of this short note is to show that Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model DDPM, a non-homogeneous discrete-time Markov process, can be represented by a time-homogeneous continuous-time Markov process observed at non-uniformly sampled discrete ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this short note is to show that Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model DDPM, a non-homogeneous discrete-time Markov process, can be represented by a time-homogeneous continuous-time Markov process observed at non-uniformly sampled discrete times. Surprisingly, this continuous-time Markov process is the well-known and well-studied Ornstein-Ohlenbeck (OU) process, which was developed in 1930's for studying Brownian particles in Harmonic potentials. We establish the formal equivalence between DDPM and the OU process using its analytical solution. We further demonstrate that the design problem of the noise scheduler for non-homogeneous DDPM is equivalent to designing observation times for the OU process. We present several heuristic designs for observation times based on principled quantities such as auto-variance and Fisher Information and connect them to ad hoc noise schedules for DDPM. Interestingly, we show that the Fisher-Information-motivated schedule corresponds exactly the cosine schedule, which was developed without any theoretical foundation but is the current state-of-the-art noise schedule.
Keywords	Statistics - Machine Learning ; Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Mathematical Physics
Subject code	519
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Improving Estimation of the Koopman Operator with Kolmogorov-Smirnov Indicator Functions.

Ngo, Van A / Lin, Yen Ting / Perez, Danny

Journal of chemical theory and computation

2023 Volume 19, Issue 20, Page(s) 7187–7198

Abstract: It has become common to perform kinetic analysis using approximate Koopman operators that transform high-dimensional timeseries of observables into ranked dynamical modes. The key to the practical success of the approach is the identification of a set of ...

Abstract	It has become common to perform kinetic analysis using approximate Koopman operators that transform high-dimensional timeseries of observables into ranked dynamical modes. The key to the practical success of the approach is the identification of a set of observables that form a good basis on which to expand the slow relaxation modes. Good observables are, however, difficult to identify
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1549-9626
ISSN (online)	1549-9626
DOI	10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00632
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Article ; Online: Differential contagiousness of respiratory disease across the United States.

Mallela, Abhishek / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S

Epidemics

2023 Volume 45, Page(s) 100718

Abstract: The initial contagiousness of a communicable disease within a given population is quantified by the basic reproduction number, ... ...

Abstract	The initial contagiousness of a communicable disease within a given population is quantified by the basic reproduction number, R
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Bayes Theorem ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Basic Reproduction Number
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2467993-8
ISSN	1878-0067 ; 1755-4365
ISSN (online)	1878-0067
ISSN	1755-4365
DOI	10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100718
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Article ; Online: Fatigue Alleviation by Low-Level Laser Pre-Exposure in Ischemic Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation.

Wu, Chia-Chan / Lin, Yen-Ting / Hu, Chia-Ling / Chen, Yi-Ching / Hwang, Ing-Shiou

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2024

Abstract: Purpose: Despite its susceptibility to muscle fatigue, combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and blood flow restriction (BFR) is an effective regimen for managing muscle atrophy when traditional resistance exercises are not feasible. This ...

Abstract	Purpose: Despite its susceptibility to muscle fatigue, combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and blood flow restriction (BFR) is an effective regimen for managing muscle atrophy when traditional resistance exercises are not feasible. This study investigated the potential of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing muscle fatigue after the application of combined NMES and BFR. Methods: Thirty-six healthy adults were divided into control and LLLT groups. The LLLT group received 60 J of 850 nm wavelength LLLT before a training program of combined NMES and BFR of the non-dominant extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL). The control group followed the same protocol but received sham laser therapy. Assessments included maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), ECRL mechanical properties, and isometric force-tracking for wrist extension. Results: The LLLT group exhibited a smaller normalized difference in MVC decrement (-4.01 ± 4.88%) than the control group (-23.85 ± 7.12%) (P < .001). The LLLT group demonstrated a smaller decrease in muscle stiffness of the ECRL compared to the control group, characterized by the smaller normalized changes in frequency (P = .002), stiffness (P = .002), and relaxation measures (P = .011) of mechanical oscillation waves. Unlike the control group, the LLLT group exhibited a smaller post-test increase in force fluctuations during force-tracking (P = .014), linked to the predominant recruitment of low-threshold MUs (P < .001) without fatigue-related increases in the discharge variability of high-threshold MUs (P > .05). Conclusions: LLLT pre-exposure reduces fatigue after combined NMES and BFR, preserving force generation, muscle stiffness, and force scaling. The functional benefits are achieved through fatigue-resistant activation strategies of motor unit recruitment and rate coding.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003472
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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Article ; Online: Effects of adding Bacillus subtilis natto NTU-18 in paste feed on growth, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal microbiota diversity, immunity, and disease resistance of Anguilla japonica glass eels.

Lin, Yen-Ting / Hung, Yu-Chen / Chen, Li-Han / Lee, Kung-Ta / Han, Yu-San

Fish & shellfish immunology

2024 Volume 149, Page(s) 109556

Abstract: Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, holds significant importance in Taiwanese aquaculture. With the intensification of eel farming, the impact of Edwardsiella tarda has become increasingly severe. Consequently, the abusive use of antibiotics has risen. ... ...

Abstract	Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, holds significant importance in Taiwanese aquaculture. With the intensification of eel farming, the impact of Edwardsiella tarda has become increasingly severe. Consequently, the abusive use of antibiotics has risen. Bacillus subtilis natto NTU-18, a strain of Bacillus with a high survival rate in feed processing, plays a crucial role in promoting intestinal health through competitive rejection, enhancing immune responses against bacterial pathogens, and improving intestinal health by modulating gastrointestinal microbiota to produce beneficial metabolites of mice and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. This study investigated the effects of different proportions (control, 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 %) of B. subtilis natto NTU-18 added to paste feed on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microbiota, expression of immune-related genes, and resistance to E. tarda in Japanese glass eel. The results indicated that the growth performance of all groups with B. subtilis natto NTU-18 added was significantly higher than that of the control group and did not impact the villi morphology. The expression of immune-related genes in the kidney, specifically HSP70 and SOD, was significantly higher from 0.5 % and above than the control; however, no significant differences were observed in CAT, POD, and HSP90. In the liver, significant differences were found in HSP70 and IgM above 0.25 % compared to the control group, with no significant differences in SOD, CAT, POD, and HSP90 among all groups. Additionally, intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that the 2 % additional group had significantly lower diversity than other groups, with Cetobacterium as the dominant species. The challenge test observed that the survival rates of the 0.5 % and 1 % groups were significantly higher. This research suggests that adding 0.5 % and 1 % of B. subtilis natto NTU-18 to the diet is beneficial for Japanese glass eel's immunity, growth performance, and disease resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Bacillus subtilis ; Anguilla/immunology ; Anguilla/growth & development ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Disease Resistance/drug effects ; Fish Diseases/immunology ; Diet/veterinary ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Intestines/immunology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/immunology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary ; Edwardsiella tarda/physiology ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Immunity, Innate ; Random Allocation
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067738-0
ISSN	1095-9947 ; 1050-4648
ISSN (online)	1095-9947
ISSN	1050-4648
DOI	10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109556
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Article: Failure to improve task performance after visuomotor training with error reduction feedback for young adults.

Lin, Yen-Ting / Chen, Yi-Ching / Chang, Gwo-Ching / Hwang, Ing-Shiou

Frontiers in physiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1066325

Abstract: Visual feedback that reinforces accurate movements may motivate skill acquisition by promoting self-confidence. This study investigated neuromuscular adaptations to visuomotor training with visual feedback with virtual error reduction. Twenty-eight young ...

Abstract	Visual feedback that reinforces accurate movements may motivate skill acquisition by promoting self-confidence. This study investigated neuromuscular adaptations to visuomotor training with visual feedback with virtual error reduction. Twenty-eight young adults (24.6 ± 1.6 years) were assigned to error reduction (ER) (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups to train on a bi-rhythmic force task. The ER group received visual feedback and the displayed errors were 50% of the real errors in size. The control group was trained with visual feedback with no reduction in errors. Training-related differences in task accuracy, force behaviors, and motor unit discharge were contrasted between the two groups. The tracking error of the control group progressively declined, whereas the tracking error of the ER group was not evidently reduced in the practice sessions. In the post-test, only the control group exhibited significant task improvements with smaller error size (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2023.1066325
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Article ; Online: Low-Level Laser Therapy Facilitates Postcontraction Recovery with Ischemic Preconditioning.

Chen, Yi-Ching / Lin, Yen-Ting / Hu, Chia-Ling / Hwang, Ing-Shiou

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2023 Volume 55, Issue 7, Page(s) 1326–1333

Abstract: Purpose: Despite early development of muscle fatigue, ischemic preconditioning is gaining popularity for strength training combined with low-load resistance exercise. This study investigated the effect of low-level laser (LLL) on postcontraction ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Despite early development of muscle fatigue, ischemic preconditioning is gaining popularity for strength training combined with low-load resistance exercise. This study investigated the effect of low-level laser (LLL) on postcontraction recovery with ischemic preconditioning. Methods: Forty healthy adults (22.9 ± 3.5 yr) were allocated into sham (11 men, 9 women) and LLL (11 men, 9 women) groups. With ischemic preconditioning, they were trained with three bouts of intermittent wrist extension of 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the recovery period, the LLL group received LLL (wavelength of 808 nm, 60 J) on the working muscle, whereas the sham group received no sham therapy. MVC, force fluctuations, and discharge variables of motor units (MU) for a trapezoidal contraction were compared between groups at baseline (T0), postcontraction (T1), and after-recovery (T2). Results: At T2, the LLL group exhibited a higher normalized MVC (T2/T0; 86.22% ± 12.59%) than that of the sham group (71.70% ± 13.56%; P = 0.001). The LLL group had smaller normalized force fluctuations (LLL, 94.76% ± 21.95%; sham, 121.37% ± 29.02%; P = 0.002) with greater normalized electromyography amplitude (LLL, 94.33% ± 14.69%; sham, 73.57% ± 14.94%; P < 0.001) during trapezoidal contraction. In the LLL group, the smaller force fluctuations were associated with lower coefficients of variation of interspike intervals of MUs (LLL, 0.202 ± 0.053; sham, 0.208 ± 0.048; P = 0.004) with higher recruitment thresholds (LLL, 11.61 ± 12.68 %MVC; sham, 10.27 ± 12.73 %MVC; P = 0.003). Conclusions: LLL expedites postcontraction recovery with ischemic preconditioning, manifesting as superior force generation capacity and force precision control for activation of MU with a higher recruitment threshold and lower discharge variability.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Electromyography ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003149
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