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  1. Article ; Online: Lessons from an historical museum of anatomical pathology

    Rosa Gouveia / Teresa Ferreira / Lina Carvalho

    Polish Journal of Pathology, Vol 71, Iss 3, Pp 281-

    thoraco-abdominopagus fetus

    2020  Volume 282

    Abstract: Historical Museums of Anatomical Pathology are a relevant teaching tool for medical undergraduate students and postgraduate residents. The visualization of real specimens allow a deeper comprehension of diseases, namely of rare conditions as in ... ...

    Abstract Historical Museums of Anatomical Pathology are a relevant teaching tool for medical undergraduate students and postgraduate residents. The visualization of real specimens allow a deeper comprehension of diseases, namely of rare conditions as in Teratology. This article emphasizes the need to preserve and use Universities Museums, by presenting a XIXth Thoraco-Abdominopagus Fetus.
    Keywords conjoined twins ; thoraco-abdominopagus fetus ; historical anatomical pathology museum ; medical teaching ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Termedia Publishing House
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Software tools and platforms in Digital Pathology

    Rodrigo Escobar Díaz Guerrero / Lina Carvalho / Thomas Bocklitz / Juergen Popp / José Luis Oliveira

    Journal of Pathology Informatics, Vol 13, Iss , Pp 100103- (2022)

    a review for clinicians and computer scientists

    2022  

    Abstract: At the end of the twentieth century, a new technology was developed that allowed an entire tissue section to be scanned on an objective slide. Originally called virtual microscopy, this technology is now known as Whole Slide Imaging (WSI). WSI presents ... ...

    Abstract At the end of the twentieth century, a new technology was developed that allowed an entire tissue section to be scanned on an objective slide. Originally called virtual microscopy, this technology is now known as Whole Slide Imaging (WSI). WSI presents new challenges for reading, visualization, storage, and analysis. For this reason, several technologies have been developed to facilitate the handling of these images. In this paper, we analyze the most widely used technologies in the field of digital pathology, ranging from specialized libraries for the reading of these images to complete platforms that allow reading, visualization, and analysis. Our aim is to provide the reader, whether a pathologist or a computational scientist, with the knowledge to choose the technologies to use for new studies, development, or research.
    Keywords Digital Pathology ; Whole Slide Imaging ; Image analysis ; Computational pathology ; Pathomics ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Pathology ; RB1-214
    Subject code 028
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Wax hearts

    Rosa Henriques de Gouveia / Raffaella Santi / Roberta Ballestriero / Francesco Galassi / Lina Carvalho / Gabriella Nesi

    Polish Journal of Pathology, Vol 72, Iss 4, Pp 346-

    seeking the antiquity of cardiac pathology

    2022  Volume 352

    Abstract: Wax models of normal and diseased organs were formerly essential medical teaching tools. The ceroplastic heart models from two 19th century pathology museums at the Universities of Florence (n = 8) and Coimbra (n = 10) were analysed. The Florentine ... ...

    Abstract Wax models of normal and diseased organs were formerly essential medical teaching tools. The ceroplastic heart models from two 19th century pathology museums at the Universities of Florence (n = 8) and Coimbra (n = 10) were analysed. The Florentine collection comprised congenital malformations as well as infectious and inflammatory disorders. The Coimbra waxworks included congenital defects, cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, valvular pathology and cardiac adiposity. This study focuses on heart diseases and teaching resources in European university hospitals during the 19th century. It also highlights the importance of wax models in medical education both then and today, in an era of informatics and digital photography.
    Keywords heart ; wax models ; pathology museums ; medical teaching ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Termedia Publishing House
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Reclassifying bronchial-pulmonary carcinoma

    Lina Carvalho

    Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia, Vol 15, Iss 6, Pp 1101-

    Differentiating histological type in biopsies by immunohistochemistry Reclassificação do carcinoma broncopulmonar: Diferenciação do tipo histológico em biópsias por imuno-histoquímica

    2009  Volume 1119

    Abstract: The current state of molecular knowledge on lung cancer demands a histological classification which goes beyond small-cell and non-small-cell carcinoma to provide support for tailored therapy in aiding in understanding of the drugs currently available. ... ...

    Abstract The current state of molecular knowledge on lung cancer demands a histological classification which goes beyond small-cell and non-small-cell carcinoma to provide support for tailored therapy in aiding in understanding of the drugs currently available. As diagnosis and follow-up in the vast majority of lung cancer cases is based on biopsies and cytology samples, Immunohistochemical Bronchial Pulmonary Carcinoma Classification (IBPCC) is necessary to reveal the raft of characteristics available. This provides morphological support for the WHO’s 1999/2004 classification, in addition to an understanding of carcinogenesis. The immunohistochemical panel clarifies the main morphology and cytology characteristics to maintain the leading histological types as squamous cell carcinoma (high weight molecular cytokeratins/HWMC), adenosquamous carcinoma (CK7, TTF1, HWMA), neuroendocrine carcinoma (Chrg, Syn, CD56, TTF1, Ki67), adenocarcinoma (CK7, CK20, TTF1) and bring the polymorphic and pleomorphic carcinomas under a single banner of pleomorphic carcinoma (Ck7, TTF1, HWMC, VMT, Desmin, Actin) which shelters large cell carcinomas and sarcomatoid carcinomas. Lung cancer chemotherapy will still be based on platinum and gemcitabine for the near future and the IBPCC is a simple and efficient tool for streamlining the registration of lung cancer histological characteristics in biopsies and other reduced samples to support clinical evidence and trials. Os conhecimentos actuais da patologia molecular do cancro do pulmão requerem outra caracterização histológica, para além de carcinoma de células pequenas e carcinoma não pequenas células para suporte da terapia personalizada e entendimento do valor real dos fármacos actualmente disponíveis. Como o diagnóstico e seguimento clínico da maioria dos casos de cancro do pulmão se baseia em produtos de biópsia e citologia, a classificação imunoistoquímica do carcinoma broncopulmonar (IBPCC) é necessária para suporte morfológico da classificação da WHO 1999/2004, clarificando as características celulares das neoplasias e o entendimento da carcinogénese. O painel imunoistoquímico reforça os tipos histológicos principais do carcinoma bronco - pulmonar: carcinoma epidermóide (queratinas de alto peso molecular - HWMC), carcinoma adenoscamoso (CK/TTF1, MWMC), carcinoma neuroendócrino (Chrg, Syn, CD56, TTF1, Ki67) e adenocarcinoma (CK7, Ck20, TTF1); as variantes do carcinoma de células grandes e do carcinoma sarcomatóide são englobados num único grupo de carcinomas pleomórficos (CK7, TTF1, HWMC, VMT, desmina, actina), onde cabe o polimorfismo e o pleomorfismo celular. A quimioterapia do carcinoma broncopulmonar continuará baseada no platino e na gemcitabina no futuro próximo e a IBPCC será uma ferramenta simples e eficiente para o registo das características e tipos histológicos do carcinoma do pulmão presentes nas biopsias e amostras citológicas para suporte da evidência clínica e dos ensaios farmacêuticos.
    Keywords Carcinoma broncopulmonar ; imunoistoquímica ; Bronchial-pulmonary carcinoma ; immunohistochemistry ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Tabaco e morfologia

    Lina Carvalho

    Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia, Vol 13, Iss 3, Pp 383-

    Doenças pulmonares Tobacco and morphology: Pulmonary diseases

    2007  Volume 389

    Abstract: O tabaco está implicado na carcinogénese multiorgânica, com identificação de mais de cinquenta substâncias carcinogénicas que induzem mutações, alterando o ciclo celular, a resposta auto-imune e a regulação endócrina. É um dos nove factores identificados ...

    Abstract O tabaco está implicado na carcinogénese multiorgânica, com identificação de mais de cinquenta substâncias carcinogénicas que induzem mutações, alterando o ciclo celular, a resposta auto-imune e a regulação endócrina. É um dos nove factores identificados responsáveis por um terço de mortes por neoplasias malignas juntamente com erros dietéticos, obesidade, sedentarismo, consumo de álcool, promiscuidade sexual, toxicodependência e poluição ambiental geral e limitada. Está implicado nas doenças cardiovasculares que representam a primeira causa de morte nos países civilizados e, no aparelho respiratório, é o factor principal para o desenvolvimento de DPOC (doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica), RB-ILD (bronquiolite respiratória e doença pulmonar intersticial), DIP (pneumonia intersticial descamativa), bronquiolite e fibrose intersticial bronquiolocêntrica, histiocitose de células de Langerhans, pneumonia eosinofílica, sarcoidose, metaplasia epidermóide do epitélio respiratório e carcinoma bronco-pulmonar. O estado inflamatório crónico sistémico induzido pelo tabaco constitui a base de desenvolvimento de alterações genéticas também dependentes dos contaminantes do tabaco. Tobacco is implicated in multisystemic carcinogenesis through more than fifty identified carcinogenic metabolites that produce mutations responsible for alterations in cell cycle, immune response and endocrine regulation. Is one of nine risk factors identified in one third of cancer deaths together with obesity, sedentary, alcohol consumption, sexual promiscuity, drug addiction, and open and closed air contamination. Answering for cardiovascular diseases as the first cause of death in civilized world, tobacco is also pointed as the major factor implicated in the development of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), RB-ILD (respiratory bronchiolitis and interstitial lung disease), DIP (desquamative interstitial pneumonia), bronchiolitis and bronchiolocentric interstitial fibrosis, Langerhans cells histiocytosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, sarcoidosis, epidermoid metaplasia in respiratory epithelium and lung cancer. The chronic tobacco induced inflammatory state is the basis for the acquisition of genetic alterations dependent on the tobacco contaminants.
    Keywords Tabaco ; morfologia pulmonar ; Tobacco ; lung morphology ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: “Uninvited guests” of the brain in a 19th-century museum

    Rosa Gouveia / M. João Aguiar / Teresa Ferreira / Lina Carvalho

    Polish Journal of Pathology, Vol 70, Iss 1, Pp 49-

    2019  Volume 50

    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Termedia Publishing House
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Adenocarcinoma do pulmão

    Lina Carvalho

    Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 255-

    Aplicação da classificação WHO 1999/2004 à casuística do Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital da Universidade de Coimbra

    2006  Volume 268

    Abstract: Num período de quinze anos, entre 1990 e 2004, foram diagnosticados 701 adenocarcinomas primários do pulmão no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital da Universidade de Coimbra e 382 metástases de carcinomas, com predomínio do cólon (119) e mama (66). ...

    Abstract Num período de quinze anos, entre 1990 e 2004, foram diagnosticados 701 adenocarcinomas primários do pulmão no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital da Universidade de Coimbra e 382 metástases de carcinomas, com predomínio do cólon (119) e mama (66). Os adenocarcinomas do pulmão tiveram um aumento relativo no sexo masculino, com crescimento de 16 casos em 1990 para 49 em 2004, e no sexo feminino verificou-se um aumento de 12 para 37 no mesmo período e, assim, a partir de 2001, a incidência foi equivalente em ambos os sexos. Também nos últimos quatro anos, o grupo etário de incidência dos adenocarcinomas passou para os 70 anos, havendo casos diagnosticados em doentes com idade superior a 80 anos. Acompanhando o estudo numérico dos adenocarcinomas, foi feita a respectiva reclassificação histológica para aplicação dos critérios de diagnóstico estabelecidos pela classificação da OMS 1999-2004 para os tumores do pulmão, pleura, timo e coração. A incidência dos carcinomas bronquíolo-alveolares foi naturalmente maior no sexo feminino, enquanto no sexo masculino, se verificou um maior número de adenocarcinomas acinares. Estas conclusões foram retiradas dos diagnósticos obtidos nas peças cirúrgicas e quando em biópsias cirúrgicas se considerou a amostra representativa. O estadiamento cirúrgico predominou entre IIA e IIIB e, em 109 casos, o diagnóstico possível foi apenas de adenocarcinoma do pulmão, por falta de amostragem e com imuno-histoquímica concordante. A study of 701 primary adenocarcinomas of the lung was made at the Department of Pathology of the Hospital da Universidade de Coimbra for a period of fifteen years, between 1990 and 2004. In the same period 382 metastases were diagnosed, mainly from colon (119) and breast (66). The incidence of primary adenocarcinomas varied from 16 cases in 1990 to 49 cases in men and from 12 to 37 cases in women in that period. From 2001 onwards, the incidence was almost coincident in both genders. In the last four years, since 2001, patients were in the seventies at the time of diagnosis and a considerable number of cases were diagnosed after 80 years of age. The criteria defined by the WHO classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart 2004 were applied to the primary adenocarcinomas of the lung and as was expected, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas had its incidence in women while acinar adenocarcinomas were diagnosed mainly in men. These conclusions were obtained via surgical specimens and when surgical biopsies were representative and those were mainly in stage IIB and IIIA. A number of 109 cases had the final diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung based on morphology and immunohistochemistry criteria.
    Keywords Adenocarcinoma do pulmão ; metátases pulmonares ; classificação WHO ; Adenocarcinoma of the lung ; pulmonary metastasis ; WHO classification ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Insights into S. aureus -Induced Bone Deformation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Osteomyelitis Using Fluorescence and Raman Imaging

    Shibarjun Mandal / Astrid Tannert / Christina Ebert / Rustam R. Guliev / Yvonne Ozegowski / Lina Carvalho / Britt Wildemann / Simone Eiserloh / Sina M. Coldewey / Bettina Löffler / Luís Bastião Silva / Verena Hoerr / Lorena Tuchscherr / Ute Neugebauer

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9762, p

    2023  Volume 9762

    Abstract: Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that is often difficult to treat and causes a significant healthcare burden. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis mouse models have been established to gain ... ...

    Abstract Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that is often difficult to treat and causes a significant healthcare burden. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis mouse models have been established to gain further insights into the pathogenesis and host response. Here, we use an established S. aureus hematogenous osteomyelitis mouse model to investigate morphological tissue changes and bacterial localization in chronic osteomyelitis with a focus on the pelvis. X-ray imaging was performed to follow the disease progression. Six weeks post infection, when osteomyelitis had manifested itself with a macroscopically visible bone deformation in the pelvis, we used two orthogonal methods, namely fluorescence imaging and label-free Raman spectroscopy, to characterise tissue changes on a microscopic scale and to localise bacteria in different tissue regions. Hematoxylin and eosin as well as Gram staining were performed as a reference method. We could detect all signs of a chronically florid tissue infection with osseous and soft tissue changes as well as with different inflammatory infiltrate patterns. Large lesions dominated in the investigated tissue samples. Bacteria were found to form abscesses and were distributed in high numbers in the lesion, where they could occasionally also be detected intracellularly. In addition, bacteria were found in lower numbers in surrounding muscle tissue and even in lower numbers in trabecular bone tissue. The Raman spectroscopic imaging revealed a metabolic state of the bacteria with reduced activity in agreement with small cell variants found in other studies. In conclusion, we present novel optical methods to characterise bone infections, including inflammatory host tissue reactions and bacterial adaptation.
    Keywords chronic bone infection ; Staphylococcus aureus ; mouse model of osteomyelitis ; staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs) ; label-free imaging ; intracellular bacteria ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Thymoma and Tuberculoma

    Antonio Grilo Novais / Diana Pinho Santos / Mariana Conceição / Sara Cunha / Joana Capelo / Pedro Crespo / Lina Carvalho

    European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine (2021)

    Unexpected Coexistence

    2021  

    Abstract: Mediastinal tumours can be incidental findings on chest x-ray or present with systemic symptoms and/or direct effect of the mediastinal mass. We report the case of a woman with symptomatic thymoma B1 and simultaneous thymus tuberculosis. ...

    Abstract Mediastinal tumours can be incidental findings on chest x-ray or present with systemic symptoms and/or direct effect of the mediastinal mass. We report the case of a woman with symptomatic thymoma B1 and simultaneous thymus tuberculosis.
    Keywords thymus ; tuberculosis ; granuloma ; mediastinal mass ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SMC MEDIA SRL
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Vasculite e padrão de panbronquiolite difusa no lúpus eritematoso sistémico

    Lina Carvalho / Sara Freitas

    Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp 267-

    Caso clínico Vasculitis and diffuse panbronchiolitis-like in systemic lupus erythematosus: Case report

    2007  Volume 274

    Abstract: O compromisso visceral pelo lúpus eritematoso sistémico (LES) estende-se para além do rim e da pele. Lesões pleuropulmonares são reconhecidas e as formas de destruição alveolar difusa e hemorragia alveolar são as mais difíceis de controlar. O compromisso ...

    Abstract O compromisso visceral pelo lúpus eritematoso sistémico (LES) estende-se para além do rim e da pele. Lesões pleuropulmonares são reconhecidas e as formas de destruição alveolar difusa e hemorragia alveolar são as mais difíceis de controlar. O compromisso pulmonar na evolução clínica do LES difere nas crianças e nos adultos, tanto nos padrões morfológicos como nas apresentações clínicas, dependendo da imunoincompetência do doente e do tratamento instituído. Um rapaz de 16 anos apresentou um quadro clínico de astenia, cansaço e pequenos gânglios linfáticos cervicais bilaterais e não dolorosos, entendido como infecção pelo EBV, com serologia concordante (IgG e IgM de EBV e EBNA positivos). Os sintomas persistiram durante oito meses e progressivamente instalou-se eritema nasal e malar, discreto e descamativo e também febre persistente, dispneia e estertores basais à auscultação. Foram efectuadas biópsia de um gânglio linfático cervical e biópsia cirúrgica pulmonar. Observou-se hiperplasia folicular no gânglio linfático e ausência de células LMP1 (EBV) positivas. Na biópsia pulmonar eram evidentes fenómenos de bronquiolite e vasculite à custa de células macrofágicas identificadas pelo marcador CD68. Os macrófagos dissociavam as paredes vasculares e bronquiolares e também estavam presentes nos septos interalveolares peribroncovasculares e nos espaços alveolares, observando-se assim um padrão de panbronquiolite difusa e vasculite. Não se identificaram células LMP1 (EBV) positivas. O padrão pulmonar micronodular bilateral observado na TAC resolveu com corticoterapia. O diagnóstico de LES foi confirmado pela positividade dos anticorpos ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-nDNA e anti-histonas. Este é o primeiro caso divulgado na literatura médica de compromisso pulmonar sob a forma de vasculite e padão de panbronquiolite difusa como primeira manifestação clínica do lúpus eritematosos sistémico. Visceral involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) extends beyond renal and cutaneous management. Pleuro-pulmonary lesions have been recognised and diffuse alveolar damage and hemorrhage are the most difficult patterns to control. Pulmonary compromise in clinical evolution of SLE differs from children to adults, both in morphological patterns and in clinical presentation, depending on immunocompetence and the treatment prescribed. A 16-year-old boy presented asthenia, malaise and bilateral cervical painless adenopathies understood as EBV infection as serological EBV IgG, IgM and EBNA were positive. The symptoms persisted for eight months when discrete erythematous and desquamative nasal and malar rash expressed together with persistent fever, dispnoea and bibasilar crackles. Lymph node and pulmonary biopsises were performed. Lymph node presented follicular hyperplasia and LMP1 (EBV) immunostaining was negative. In lung biopsy bronchovascular lesions were consistent with vasculitis and bronchiolitis due to intense macrophage infiltration, validated with CD68 antibody and intra-alveolar macrophages were also present with septal compromise; LMP1 (EBV) positive cells were not visualized. The lung pattern seen in CAT as diffuse micronodules all over the lung parenchyme resolved after corticosteroid therapy. The diagnosis of SLE was confirmed by ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-nDNA and anti-histones positivity. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of pulmonary SLE involvement with vasculitis and diffuse panbronchiolitis - like pattern as the first clinical sign of the disease.
    Keywords LES ; bronquiolite ; vasculite ; panbronquiolite difusa ; SLE ; bronchiolitis ; vasculitis ; diffuse panbronchiolitis ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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