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  1. Article ; Online: Cell-free DNA fragmentomics and second malignant neoplasm risk in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.

    Liu, Darren / Yehia, Lamis / Dhawan, Andrew / Ni, Ying / Eng, Charis

    Cell reports. Medicine

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 101384

    Abstract: Individuals with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) harbor pathogenic germline PTEN variants that confer a significantly increased lifetime risk of various organ-specific cancers including second primary malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Currently, there are ...

    Abstract Individuals with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) harbor pathogenic germline PTEN variants that confer a significantly increased lifetime risk of various organ-specific cancers including second primary malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers that can predict individual-level cancer risk. Despite the highly promising value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker for underlying sporadic cancers, the utility of cfDNA in individuals with known cancer-associated germline variants and subclinical cancers remains poorly understood. We perform ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) of cfDNA from plasma samples from patients with PHTS and cancer as well as those without cancer. Analysis of cfDNA reveals that patients with PHTS and SMNs have distinct cfDNA size distribution, aberrant genome-wide fragmentation, and differential fragment end motif frequencies. Our work provides evidence that cfDNA profiles may be used as a marker for SMN risk in patients with PHTS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/diagnosis ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/genetics ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/complications ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Neoplasms ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/genetics
    Chemical Substances PTEN Phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.67) ; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ; PTEN protein, human (EC 3.1.3.67)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-3791
    ISSN (online) 2666-3791
    DOI 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101384
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Leaders' Perspectives on Leading During COVID-19.

    Lane, Sandi J / Liu, Darren / Rados, Robert

    Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 11, Page(s) 2179–2188

    Abstract: Post-acute and long-term care (PALTC) delivery is complex, and the COVID-19 pandemic created additional complexities. This qualitative study investigates how PALTC administrators responded to the pandemic, factors that impacted their leadership role and ... ...

    Abstract Post-acute and long-term care (PALTC) delivery is complex, and the COVID-19 pandemic created additional complexities. This qualitative study investigates how PALTC administrators responded to the pandemic, factors that impacted their leadership role and decision-making. Participants from North Carolina (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Leadership ; Qualitative Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 155897-3
    ISSN 1552-4523 ; 0733-4648
    ISSN (online) 1552-4523
    ISSN 0733-4648
    DOI 10.1177/07334648231188282
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Non-canonical role of wild-type SEC23B in the cellular stress response pathway.

    Yehia, Lamis / Liu, Darren / Fu, Shuai / Iyer, Pranav / Eng, Charis

    Cell death & disease

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 304

    Abstract: While germline recessive loss-of-function mutations in SEC23B in humans cause a rare form of anaemia, heterozygous change-of-function mutations result in increased predisposition to cancer. SEC23B encodes SEC23 homologue B, a component of coat protein ... ...

    Abstract While germline recessive loss-of-function mutations in SEC23B in humans cause a rare form of anaemia, heterozygous change-of-function mutations result in increased predisposition to cancer. SEC23B encodes SEC23 homologue B, a component of coat protein complex II (COPII), which canonically transports proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Despite the association of SEC23B with anaemia and cancer, the precise pathophysiology of these phenotypic outcomes remains unknown. Recently, we reported that mutant SEC23B has non-canonical COPII-independent function, particularly within the ER stress and ribosome biogenesis pathways, and that may contribute to the pathobiology of cancer predisposition. In this study, we hypothesized that wild-type SEC23B has a baseline function within such cellular stress response pathways, with the mutant protein reflecting exaggerated effects. Here, we show that the wild-type SEC23B protein localizes to the nucleus in addition to classical distribution at the ER/Golgi interface and identify multiple putative nuclear localization and export signals regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic transport. Unexpectedly, we show that, independently of COPII, wild-type SEC23B can also localize to cell nucleoli under proteasome inhibition conditions, with distinct distribution patterns compared to mutant cells. Unbiased proteomic analyses through mass spectrometry further revealed that wild-type SEC23B interacts with a subset of nuclear proteins, in addition to central proteins in the ER stress, protein ubiquitination, and EIF2 signalling pathways. We validate the genotype-specific differential SEC23B-UBA52 (ribosomal protein RPL40) interaction. Finally, utilizing patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines harbouring either wild-type or mutant SEC23B, we show that SEC23B levels increase in response to ER stress, further corroborating its role as a cellular stress response sensor and/or effector. Overall, these observations suggest that SEC23B, irrespective of mutation status, has unexplored roles in the cellular stress response pathway, with implications relevant to cancer and beyond that, CDAII and normal cell biology.
    MeSH term(s) COP-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/physiology ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances SEC23B protein, human ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2541626-1
    ISSN 2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
    ISSN (online) 2041-4889
    ISSN 2041-4889
    DOI 10.1038/s41419-021-03589-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Anisometropia and Amblyopia Outcomes in Early Versus Late Resolution of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Older Infants.

    Sims, Deion T / Gillette, Thomas B / Lam, Jocelyn G / Liu, Darren / Lee, Calvin / Ding, Leona / Tarczy-Hornoch, Kristina / Cabrera, Michelle T

    Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–42

    Abstract: Purpose: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a known risk factor for amblyopia and anisometropia. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the rate of anisometropia and amblyopia development differed based on the age at CNLDO ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a known risk factor for amblyopia and anisometropia. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the rate of anisometropia and amblyopia development differed based on the age at CNLDO resolution in older infants.
    Methods: This retrospective chart review at a single tertiary children's hospital from 2007 to 2017 compared early versus late spontaneous resolution (cutoff 12 months) and intervention (cutoff 15 months) groups presenting at ≥9 months of age, comparing visual outcomes, including anisometropia (≥1 D of sphere or cylinder) and amblyopia (≥2 levels difference in Teller acuity or optotype testing). Parents/guardians were contacted by phone for missing data on spontaneous resolution or intervention status.
    Results: A total of 462 patients were included (152 early; 310 late group). The early group presented at a median age of 12.0 (interquartile range: 10.0, 13.0) months, while the late group presented at 21.0 (interquartile range: 15.0, 32.0) months. Unilateral disease occurred in 62% and 59%, respectively. Anisometropia was seen in (12/102) 12% of early versus (25/243) 10% of late patients (p = 0.686, 95% CI: -0.059, 0.088), and amblyopia in (4/131) 3% of early versus (14/286) 5% of late patients (p = 0.322, 95% CI: -0.061, 0.018). In patients presenting <24 months without undergoing surgery, spontaneous resolution occurred in 76% between 12 and 24 months (n = 41).
    Conclusions: Anisometropia and amblyopia rates did not significantly differ between early and delayed intervention for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in this retrospective cohort presenting beyond 9 months of age to a children's hospital. This study found frequent late spontaneous resolution.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/diagnosis ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/therapy ; Anisometropia/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Nasolacrimal Duct/abnormalities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632830-1
    ISSN 1537-2677 ; 0740-9303
    ISSN (online) 1537-2677
    ISSN 0740-9303
    DOI 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002496
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The occurrence of bone and joint cancers and their association with rural living and radon exposure in Iowa

    Nilles, Jonathan D. / Lim, Dooyoung / Boyer, Michael P. / Wilson, Brittany D. / Betar, Rebekah A. / Showalter, Holly A. / Liu, Darren / Ananieva, Elitsa A.

    Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Mar., v. 45, no. 3 p.925-940

    2023  

    Abstract: Primary bone and joint cancers are rare and understudied, yet these neoplasms are difficult to treat and impact all age groups. To explore the long-term changes in the occurrence of bone and joint cancers, patients diagnosed with these neoplasms between ... ...

    Abstract Primary bone and joint cancers are rare and understudied, yet these neoplasms are difficult to treat and impact all age groups. To explore the long-term changes in the occurrence of bone and joint cancers, patients diagnosed with these neoplasms between 1975 and 2016 were identified in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results of the National Cancer Institute of the USA. The age-adjusted incidence (AAIR) and mortality (AAMR) rates were calculated for three decades and compared to AAIR and AAMR in years 1975–1984. By using the population-based cancer registries of the USA, Iowa was identified as a state with increased cases of bone and joint malignancies. The bone and joint cancer cases in Iowa were correlated with the percentage of rural population, the average farmland size, or the residential radon levels. Results demonstrated that the mean AAIR of bone and joint cancers for US female and male patients (< 50 years of age) increased from 0.57 (95% C.I. 0.55–0.63) and 0.76 (95% C.I. 0.69–0.82) for years 1975–1984 to 0.71 (95% C.I. 0.66–0.76) and 0.94 (95% C.I. 0.87–1.07) for years 2005–2014, respectively. The increase in bone and joint cancer cases in Iowa positively correlated with the percentage rural population (R = 0.222, P < 0.02), and the average farmland size (R = 0.236, P < 0.02) but not the radon levels (R = − 0.038, P < 0.7). The findings revealed that patients younger than 50 years of age and those who resided in rural areas and engaged in farming were more likely to be diagnosed with primary bone and joint cancers.
    Keywords agricultural land ; epidemiology ; females ; males ; monitoring ; mortality ; radon ; rural population ; Iowa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 925-940.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 52039-1
    ISSN 1573-2983 ; 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    ISSN (online) 1573-2983
    ISSN 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s10653-022-01261-5
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Interventions to Reduce Healthcare Disparities in Cancer Screening Among Minority Adults: a Systematic Review.

    Liu, Darren / Schuchard, Hayley / Burston, Betty / Yamashita, Takashi / Albert, Steven

    Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–126

    Abstract: Background: Racial minority populations face an increased burden relative to cancer interventions. Compared with Caucasians, the cancer screening rate is substantially lower among African American, Asian American, Latinx American, and American Indian/ ... ...

    Abstract Background: Racial minority populations face an increased burden relative to cancer interventions. Compared with Caucasians, the cancer screening rate is substantially lower among African American, Asian American, Latinx American, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Barriers such as low health literacy, lack of health insurance, and miscommunication between patients and providers have been identified as important factors that result in low screening rates among minority adults. This study was designed to identify interventions targeting racial minority adults 40 years of age or older that were effective in increasing cancer screening uptake rates.
    Methods: A systematic review of articles published in and after January 2009 was conducted using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Twenty-six published studies of cancer screening intervention tested with minority adults were identified through the searches of CINAHL, Global Health, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases.
    Results: Thirteen (50%) of the studies utilized lay community health workers to increase cancer awareness and knowledge and to encourage screening. These methods took place over the telephone, at community education sessions, or within the context of personalized patient navigation support. The intervention programs utilized culturally relevant materials as well as spoken and written information in the targeted population's native language. Various intervention designs resulted in statistically significant increases in cancer screening adherence. However, we found no intervention that consistently elevated cancer screening rates across all racial/ethnic minority adults.
    Conclusions: The finding suggests that highly segmented interventions are needed in order to improve cancer screening among various racial/ethnic minority adults.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Continental Population Groups ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Humans ; Minority Groups
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2760524-3
    ISSN 2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
    ISSN (online) 2196-8837
    ISSN 2197-3792
    DOI 10.1007/s40615-020-00763-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The Use of Online Health-Management Tools and Health Care Utilization Among Older Americans.

    Liu, Darren / Yamashita, Takashi / Burston, Betty / Keene, Jennifer R

    The Gerontologist

    2020  Volume 60, Issue 7, Page(s) 1224–1232

    Abstract: Background and objectives: The digital divide, or differences in access to technology, can have far-reaching consequences. This study identified disparities in access to online health-related technology. It then investigated associations between online ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: The digital divide, or differences in access to technology, can have far-reaching consequences. This study identified disparities in access to online health-related technology. It then investigated associations between online health-related technology use and health care utilization among older adults in the United States.
    Research design and methods: The study used a cross-sectional data set of 1,497 adults aged 51 and older from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS)'s supplemental module (Health Behaviors) and the RAND version of the HRS fat file.
    Results: Older age, being a racial/ethnic minority, married, uninsured, and having lower educational attainment, lower income, and reporting poorer health were each associated with lower levels of use of online health-management tools. The use of online health-management tools was associated with a 34% greater mean number of doctor visits (incidence rate ratio = 1.34, SE = 0.10, p < .05) than nonuse. However, such use was not associated with the number or type of hospitalizations. Indeed, only health care needs as measured by self-rated health status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, SE = 0.18, p < .05) and the number of chronic conditions were associated with hospitalizations (OR = 1.68, SE = 0.07, p < .05).
    Discussion and implications: While more research is needed to clarify the purposes (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and outcomes of health care service utilization as a function of technology use, it may be wise to proactively tackle the digital divide as one upstream strategy for improving various health and health care outcomes among older adults.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Continental Population Groups ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnic Groups ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 216760-8
    ISSN 1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
    ISSN (online) 1758-5341
    ISSN 0016-9013
    DOI 10.1093/geront/gnaa068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Associations Between Perceived Environmental Pollution and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in East Asia.

    Yamashita, Takashi / Kim, Giyeon / Liu, Darren / Bardo, Anthony R

    Asia-Pacific journal of public health

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–112

    Abstract: Given the widely used objective measures of environmental pollution in previous research, this study investigated subjective measures in relation to mental health among middle-aged and older adults in three East Asian countries-China, Japan, and South ... ...

    Abstract Given the widely used objective measures of environmental pollution in previous research, this study investigated subjective measures in relation to mental health among middle-aged and older adults in three East Asian countries-China, Japan, and South Korea. The samples from the 2010 East Asian Social Survey included 2502 Chinese, 1794 Japanese, and 871 South Korean adults aged 40 and older. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between mental health measure (SF-12) and 4 perceived environmental pollution indicators (ie, air, water, noise, and pollution index). Greater perceived pollution indicators, as well as the perceived pollution index, were associated with poorer mental health, even after adjusting for covariates in all three countries. Although results need to be further verified in future research, national-level efforts to improve perceptions of environmental pollution may be useful to enhance the mental health of East Asian middle-aged and older adults.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Environmental Pollution ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Perception ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-28
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025444-4
    ISSN 1941-2479 ; 1010-5395
    ISSN (online) 1941-2479
    ISSN 1010-5395
    DOI 10.1177/1010539520960993
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Identifying Consumers Who Search for Long-Term Care on the Web: Latent Class Analysis.

    Liu, Darren / Yamashita, Takashi / Burston, Betty

    JMIR aging

    2018  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) e10763

    Abstract: Background: Because the internet has become a primary means of communication in the long-term care (LTC) and health care industry, an elevated understanding of market segmentation among LTC consumers is an indispensable step to responding to the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Because the internet has become a primary means of communication in the long-term care (LTC) and health care industry, an elevated understanding of market segmentation among LTC consumers is an indispensable step to responding to the informational needs of consumers.
    Objective: This exploratory study was designed to identify underlying market segments of the LTC consumers who seek Web-based information.
    Methods: Data on US adult internet users (n=2018) were derived from 2010 Pew Internet and America Life Project. Latent class analysis was employed to identify underlying market segments of LTC Web-based information seekers.
    Results: Web-based LTC information seekers were classified into the following 2 subgroups: heavy and light Web-based information seekers. Overall, 1 in 4 heavy Web-based information seekers used the internet for LTC information, whereas only 2% of the light information seekers did so. The heavy information seekers were also significantly more likely than light users to search the internet for all other health information, such as a specific disease and treatment and medical facilities. The heavy Web-based information seekers were more likely to be younger, female, highly educated, chronic disease patients, caregivers, and frequent internet users in general than the light Web-based information seekers.
    Conclusions: To effectively communicate with their consumers, providers who target Web-based LTC information seekers can more carefully align their informational offerings with the specific needs of each subsegment of LTC markets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-02
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2561-7605
    ISSN (online) 2561-7605
    DOI 10.2196/10763
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Experienced Subjective Well-Being During Physically Active and Passive Leisure Time Activities Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older.

    Yamashita, Takashi / Bardo, Anthony R / Liu, Darren

    The Gerontologist

    2018  Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 718–726

    Abstract: Background and objectives: The encore years, or later life stages when adults enjoy health and free time, are the prime opportunity for leisure to maximize the overall quality of life. Physically active leisure is widely known to be linked to overall ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: The encore years, or later life stages when adults enjoy health and free time, are the prime opportunity for leisure to maximize the overall quality of life. Physically active leisure is widely known to be linked to overall subjective well-being (SWB). However, experienced SWB or momentary emotion during active leisure as well as passive leisure has yet to be examined.
    Research design and methods: Data were derived from the 2012/2013 American Time Use Survey Well-being modules. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to identify comparable matched samples of older adults.
    Results: The PSM identified 211 older adults who reported a series of emotions (i.e., happy, meaningful, tired, sad, stressed, pain) during active leisure, and the comparable counterpart (n = 211) during passive leisure. Results from the Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests showed that active leisure was associated with greater levels of experienced happiness and meaningfulness, as well as with lower levels of sadness (p < .05).
    Discussion and implications: Physically active leisure is linked to greater levels of experienced SWB among older adults. Although more detailed roles of active and passive leisure for experienced SWB are yet to be verified, choices that older adults make in their free time may significantly impact their experienced SWB and, in turn, their overall quality of life. Aging and public health policies should enhance accessibility to active leisure to promote older adults' SWB.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Exercise/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Leisure Activities/psychology ; Male ; Mental Health ; Quality of Life
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 216760-8
    ISSN 1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
    ISSN (online) 1758-5341
    ISSN 0016-9013
    DOI 10.1093/geront/gny106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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