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Book ; Online: A Neural Network Implementation for Free Energy Principle

Liu, Jingwei

2023

Abstract: The free energy principle (FEP), as an encompassing framework and a unified brain theory, has been widely applied to account for various problems in fields such as cognitive science, neuroscience, social interaction, and hermeneutics. As a computational ... ...

Abstract	The free energy principle (FEP), as an encompassing framework and a unified brain theory, has been widely applied to account for various problems in fields such as cognitive science, neuroscience, social interaction, and hermeneutics. As a computational model deeply rooted in math and statistics, FEP posits an optimization problem based on variational Bayes, which is solved either by dynamic programming or expectation maximization in practice. However, there seems to be a bottleneck in extending the FEP to machine learning and implementing such models with neural networks. This paper gives a preliminary attempt at bridging FEP and machine learning, via a classical neural network model, the Helmholtz machine. As a variational machine learning model, the Helmholtz machine is optimized by minimizing its free energy, the same objective as FEP. Although the Helmholtz machine is not temporal, it gives an ideal parallel to the vanilla FEP and the hierarchical model of the brain, under which the active inference and predictive coding could be formulated coherently. Besides a detailed theoretical discussion, the paper also presents a preliminary experiment to validate the hypothesis. By fine-tuning the trained neural network through active inference, the model performance is promoted to accuracy above 99\%. In the meantime, the data distribution is continuously deformed to a salience that conforms to the model representation, as a result of active sampling. Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to the 4th international workshop on active inference
Keywords	Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition ; I.2.3 ; F.4.1
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-06-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Clinical effect of stem cell transplantation combined with 308-nm excimer laser therapy for 56 cases of vitiligo.

Liu, Jingwei / Chen, Qingqing

Journal of cosmetic dermatology

2023 Volume 22, Issue 12, Page(s) 3276–3281

Abstract: Objective: To probe the clinical effect of stem cell transplantation in combination with 308-nm excimer laser therapy for vitiligo and to analyze its value in clinical application.: Methods: A total of 56 patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To probe the clinical effect of stem cell transplantation in combination with 308-nm excimer laser therapy for vitiligo and to analyze its value in clinical application. Methods: A total of 56 patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo in different parts who were not cured by other therapies visiting our hospital from March 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled as study subjects. They were treated by stem cell transplantation combined with 308-nm excimer laser therapy. The treatment efficacy was observed and analyzed. Results: Among the 56 patients, 38 (67.85%) and 49 (87.5%) patients were cured at 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Stem cell transplantation combined with 308-nm excimer laser therapy for vitiligo achieves significant efficacy, with the cure rate far superior to that of other therapies for vitiligo. The therapy is worthy of popularization in the clinic.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vitiligo/radiotherapy ; Vitiligo/drug therapy ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultraviolet Therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Laser Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2280551-5
ISSN	1473-2165 ; 1473-2130
ISSN (online)	1473-2165
ISSN	1473-2130
DOI	10.1111/jocd.15833
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Book ; Online: SARS-Cov-2 RNA Sequence Classification Based on Territory Information

Liu, Jingwei

2021

Abstract: CovID-19 genetics analysis is critical to determine virus type,virus variant and evaluate vaccines. In this paper, SARS-Cov-2 RNA sequence analysis relative to region or territory is investigated. A uniform framework of sequence SVM model with various ... ...

Abstract	CovID-19 genetics analysis is critical to determine virus type,virus variant and evaluate vaccines. In this paper, SARS-Cov-2 RNA sequence analysis relative to region or territory is investigated. A uniform framework of sequence SVM model with various genetics length from short to long and mixed-bases is developed by projecting SARS-Cov-2 RNA sequence to different dimensional space, then scoring it according to the output probability of pre-trained SVM models to explore the territory or origin information of SARS-Cov-2. Different sample size ratio of training set and test set is also discussed in the data analysis. Two SARS-Cov-2 RNA classification tasks are constructed based on GISAID database, one is for mainland, Hongkong and Taiwan of China, and the other is a 6-class classification task (Africa, Asia, Europe, North American, South American\& Central American, Ocean) of 7 continents. For 3-class classification of China, the Top-1 accuracy rate can reach 82.45\% (train 60\%, test=40\%); For 2-class classification of China, the Top-1 accuracy rate can reach 97.35\% (train 80\%, test 20\%); For 6-class classification task of world, when the ratio of training set and test set is 20\% : 80\% , the Top-1 accuracy rate can achieve 30.30\%. And, some Top-N results are also given. Comment: 7 figures
Keywords	Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Computation
Subject code	310
Publishing date	2021-01-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Pulmonary arterial sarcoma: A case report.

Wang, Yin / Rong, Chunyan / Liu, Jingwei / Liu, Xuhan / Zhang, Weihua

Medicine

2024 Volume 103, Issue 8, Page(s) e37194

Abstract: Rationale: Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare malignant tumor primarily originating from the pulmonary artery's intima or subintima. Approximately one-third of cases are classified as undifferentiated type. Its clinical manifestations lack ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare malignant tumor primarily originating from the pulmonary artery's intima or subintima. Approximately one-third of cases are classified as undifferentiated type. Its clinical manifestations lack specificity, dyspnea is the main symptom but can also present with chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and other discomforts, making it prone to misdiagnosis as pulmonary embolism (PE). Patient concerns: A 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with "dyspnea for more than 3 months, aggravated for 2 days," and computed tomography pulmonary angiography suggesting "bilateral multiple pulmonary embolisms." Diagnoses: The patient was initially misdiagnosed as PE, and was later definitively diagnosed as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the pulmonary artery by pathologic biopsy. Interventions and outcomes: The patient was initially treated with anticoagulant therapy, but her dyspnea was not relieved. After that, she underwent positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) and other investigations, which suggested the possibility of PAS, and then she underwent pulmonary endarterectomy to remove the lesion, which relieved her symptoms and was advised to seek further medical attention from the Department of Oncology and Department of Radiotherapy. Lessons: PAS can be easily misdiagnosed as PE. If a diagnosis of PE is made, but anticoagulation or even thrombolytic therapy proves ineffective, and there is no presence of PE causative factors such as deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, or D-dimer levels are not high, one should be cautious and consider the possibility of PAS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Artery/pathology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications ; Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Dyspnea/pathology ; Sarcoma/diagnosis ; Sarcoma/therapy ; Sarcoma/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000037194
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Article ; Online: Influence of Biotite Content on the Mechanical Response of Granite Using a Novel Three-Dimensional Grain-Based Model and Force Chain Analysis.

Geng, Peigang / Zhao, Fangbin / Li, Wei / Zhang, Jie / Liu, Jingwei

ACS omega

2024 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) 9603–9614

Abstract: In this study, a three-dimensional grain-based model based on the discrete element method is utilized to replicate the heterogeneous structure of crystalline granite, and corresponding laboratory tests are conducted to validate the numerical conclusions. ...

Abstract	In this study, a three-dimensional grain-based model based on the discrete element method is utilized to replicate the heterogeneous structure of crystalline granite, and corresponding laboratory tests are conducted to validate the numerical conclusions. A novel model and an analytical method involving a multilevel force chain network are employed to quantitatively investigate the influence of mineral content on the mechanical behavior of granites. First, a set of granite specimens with varying biotite contents is constructed, and then, uniaxial compression tests are conducted. The effects of the mineral content on the mechanical behavior, force chain network characteristics, and fracture resistance of granite specimens are quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate an inverse relationship between the biotite (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c09304
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Article ; Online: [Advances in the raw material selection and functional design of artificial nerve guidance conduits].

Liu, Jingwei / Wang, Jian / Wang, Lin

Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology

2023 Volume 39, Issue 10, Page(s) 4057–4074

Abstract: Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are synthetic nerve grafts that are capable of providing the structural and nutritional support for nerve regeneration. The ideal NGCs have plenty of requirements on biocompatibility, mechanical strength, ... ...

Abstract	Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are synthetic nerve grafts that are capable of providing the structural and nutritional support for nerve regeneration. The ideal NGCs have plenty of requirements on biocompatibility, mechanical strength, topological structure, and conductivity. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the design of NGCs and establish a better therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury in order to meet clinical needs. Although current NGCs have made certain process in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, their nerve regeneration and functional outcomes on repairing long-distance nerve injury remain unsatisfactory. Herein, we review the nerve conduit design from four aspects, namely raw material selection, structural design, therapeutic factor loading and self-powered component integration. Moreover, we summarize the research progress of NGCs in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, in order to facilitate the iterative updating and clinical transformation of NGCs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/therapy ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology ; Sciatic Nerve
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2023-10-25
Publishing country	China
Document type	Review ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1042206-7
ISSN	1872-2075 ; 1042-749X
ISSN (online)	1872-2075
ISSN	1042-749X
DOI	10.13345/j.cjb.221049
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Article: Bronchiolitis obliterans associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by infection: A case report and literature review.

Liu, Jingwei / Yan, Haibo / Yang, Chunfeng / Li, Yumei

Frontiers in pediatrics

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1116166

Abstract: Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis has a severe impact on patients' eyes, genital mucosa, and many other organs. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis.: Data ...

Abstract	Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis has a severe impact on patients' eyes, genital mucosa, and many other organs. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Data sources: We report a case of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis in our department. Furthermore, we examined the patients with bronchiolitis obliterans induced by Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis and summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis. Databases available online in English including PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science were consulted. Results: We report one case and review 23 published case reports. Of the 24 patients, 13 were female, the oldest patient was 59 years old and the youngest was 5 years old. The time of bronchiolitis obliterans onset after Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis varied from 5 days to 5 months. Bronchoscopy examination showed ulceration, exudative lesions, occlusion, and inflammation. The CT of lung manifestation included mosaic perfusion, bronchiectasis, consolidation, air trapping, pneumatocele, pleural thickening, lung collapse, larger central airway dilatation, lung overinflation, oligemia, and pneumomediastinum. Most cases indicated pulmonary function tests with obstructive ventilation dysfunction. The prognosis was poor; six of the patients died. Conclusions: Patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis may develop bronchitis obliterans at different stages, so all patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis should be followed up for possible respiratory complications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2023.1116166
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Article ; Online: Diffuse cystic lung disease caused by tuberculosis infection: Case series.

Wang, Lu / Liu, Jingwei / Yang, Huahong / Peng, Liping

Journal of infection and public health

2023 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 526–530

Abstract: Diffuse cystic lung disease (DCLD) is a complex disease that can be caused by various reasons. Although the chest CT scan plays a vital role in suggesting the etiology of DCLD, it is apt to lead to misdiagnosis simply based on the CT image of the lung. ... ...

Abstract	Diffuse cystic lung disease (DCLD) is a complex disease that can be caused by various reasons. Although the chest CT scan plays a vital role in suggesting the etiology of DCLD, it is apt to lead to misdiagnosis simply based on the CT image of the lung. Here, we report a rare case of DCLD caused by tuberculosis and misdiagnosed as pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). A 60-year-old female DCLD patient with a long-term smoking history was admitted to the hospital because of a dry cough and dyspnea, and the chest CT scan showed diffuse irregular cysts in both lungs. We considered the patient to be PLCH. To alleviate dyspnea, we chose to give her intravenous glucocorticoids. However, she developed a high fever during the use of glucocorticoids. We performed flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (specific sequence reads: 30) was detected in BALF. She was finally diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis infection is one of the rare causes of DCLD. We have discovered thirteen similar cases by searching Pubmed and Web of Science. For DCLD patients, glucocorticoids should not be used blindly unless the existence of a tuberculosis infection is ruled out. TBLB for pathology and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for microbiological detection are helpful for diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Lung Diseases ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung/pathology ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnosis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/pathology ; Tuberculosis ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Dyspnea ; Cysts/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2467587-8
ISSN	1876-035X ; 1876-0341
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
ISSN	1876-0341
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.013
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Article ; Online: MicroRNA-181a-5p Curbs Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation Partially Through Impairing Runx1-Dependent Inhibition of AIF-1 Transcription.

Liu, Jingwei / Chang, Xueying / Dong, Daming

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)

2023 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 156–173

Abstract: Backgruound: Evidence has revealed the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating osteogenic differentiation, implying the promise of miRNA-based therapies for treating osteoporosis. This study investigated whether miR-181a-5p influences osteogenic ...

Abstract	Backgruound: Evidence has revealed the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating osteogenic differentiation, implying the promise of miRNA-based therapies for treating osteoporosis. This study investigated whether miR-181a-5p influences osteogenic differentiation and bone formation and aimed to establish the mechanisms in depth. Methods: Clinical serum samples were obtained from osteoporosis patients, and MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with osteogenic induction medium (OIM) to induce osteogenic differentiation. miR-181a-5p-, Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1)-, and/or allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1)-associated oligonucleotides or vectors were transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells to explore their function in relation to the number of calcified nodules, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, expression levels of osteogenesis-related proteins, and apoptosis. Luciferase activity, RNA immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to validate the binding relationship between miR-181a-5p and Runx1, and the transcriptional regulatory relationship between Runx1 and AIF-1. Ovariectomy (OVX)-induced mice were injected with a miR-181a-5p antagonist for in vivo verification. Results: miR-181a-5p was highly expressed in the serum of osteoporosis patients. OIM treatment decreased miR-181a-5p and AIF-1 expression, but promoted Runx1 expression in MC3T-E1 cells. Meanwhile, upregulated miR-181a-5p suppressed OIM-induced increases in calcified nodules, ALP content, and osteogenesis-related protein expression. Mechanically, miR-181a-5p targeted Runx1, which acted as a transcription factor to negatively modulate AIF-1 expression. Downregulated Runx1 suppressed the miR-181a-5p inhibitor-mediated promotion of osteogenic differentiation, and downregulated AIF-1 reversed the miR-181a-5p mimic-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Tail vein injection of a miR-181a-5p antagonist induced bone formation in OVX-induced osteoporotic mice. Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-181a-5p affects osteogenic differentiation and bone formation partially via the modulation of the Runx1/AIF-1 axis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Osteogenesis/genetics ; Osteoporosis/genetics
Chemical Substances	Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; MicroRNAs ; Runx1 protein, mouse ; Aif1 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2802452-7
ISSN	2093-5978 ; 2093-5978
ISSN (online)	2093-5978
ISSN	2093-5978
DOI	10.3803/EnM.2022.1516
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Book ; Online: Optimizing Information Freshness in Uplink Multiuser MIMO Networks with Partial Observations

Liu, Jingwei / Wang, Qian / Chen, He

2024

Abstract: This paper investigates a multiuser scheduling problem within an uplink multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) status update network, consisting of a multi-antenna base station (BS) and multiple single-antenna devices. The presence of multiple antennas at ... ...

Abstract	This paper investigates a multiuser scheduling problem within an uplink multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) status update network, consisting of a multi-antenna base station (BS) and multiple single-antenna devices. The presence of multiple antennas at the BS introduces spatial degrees-of-freedom, enabling concurrent transmission of status updates from multiple devices in each time slot. Our objective is to optimize network-wide information freshness, quantified by the age of information (AoI) metric, by determining how the BS can best schedule device transmissions, while taking into account the random arrival of status updates at the device side.To address this decision-making problem, we model it as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and establish that the evolution of belief states for different devices is independent.We also prove that feasible belief states can be described by finite-dimensional vectors. Building on these observations, we develop a dynamic scheduling (DS) policy to solve the POMDP, and then derive an upper bound of its AoI performance, which is used to optimize the parameter configuration. To gain more design insights, we investigate a symmetric network, and put forth a fixed scheduling (FS) policy with lower computational complexity. An action space reduction strategy is applied to further reduce the computational complexity of both DS and FS policies. Our numerical results validate our analyses and indicate that the DS policy with the reduced action space performs almost identically to the original DS policy, and both outperform the baseline policies. Comment: This work has been submitted for possible publication
Keywords	Computer Science - Information Theory ; Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Subject code	003
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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