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  1. Article ; Online: Synthesis and Study of Crown Ether-Appended Tetraplatinum(II) Macrocylic Chemosensors for Cation Detection.

    Jin, Guoxia / Han, Congcong / Liu, Xinxue / Wang, Haiying / Ma, Jianping

    Inorganic chemistry

    2023  Volume 62, Issue 17, Page(s) 6544–6548

    Abstract: Two new functionalized platinum(II) rectangles, ...

    Abstract Two new functionalized platinum(II) rectangles,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1484438-2
    ISSN 1520-510X ; 0020-1669
    ISSN (online) 1520-510X
    ISSN 0020-1669
    DOI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00437
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Plasmonic Gold Nanostar-Based Probes with Distance-Dependent Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence for Ultrasensitive DNA Methyltransferase Assay.

    Zhao, Tingting / Pang, Xiaozhe / Wang, Congkai / Wang, Lei / Yang, Yifan / Wang, Junqi / Jia, Jiangfei / Liu, Xinxue / Xu, Shenghao / Luo, Xiliang

    Analytical chemistry

    2024  Volume 96, Issue 11, Page(s) 4402–4409

    Abstract: The ultrasensitive DNA methyltransferase (Dam MTase) assay is of high significance for biomedical research and clinical diagnosis because of its profound effect on gene regulation. However, detection sensitivity is still limited by shortcomings, ... ...

    Abstract The ultrasensitive DNA methyltransferase (Dam MTase) assay is of high significance for biomedical research and clinical diagnosis because of its profound effect on gene regulation. However, detection sensitivity is still limited by shortcomings, including photobleaching and weak signal intensities of conventional fluorophores at low concentrations. Plasmonic nanostructures with ultrastrong electromagnetic fields and fluorescence enhancement capability that can overcome these intrinsic defects hold great potential for ultrasensitive bioanalysis. Herein, a silica-coated gold nanostars (Au NSTs@SiO
    MeSH term(s) Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)/analysis ; Silicon Dioxide ; Gold/chemistry ; Biosensing Techniques ; DNA Modification Methylases ; Escherichia coli ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; DNA ; DNA Probes/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) (EC 2.1.1.72) ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9) ; Gold (7440-57-5) ; DNA Modification Methylases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; Fluorescent Dyes ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; DNA Probes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1508-8
    ISSN 1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
    ISSN (online) 1520-6882
    ISSN 0003-2700
    DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04122
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  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of vaccine herd protection in a cluster-randomised trial of Vi conjugate vaccine against typhoid fever: results of further analysis.

    Khanam, Farhana / Kim, Deok Ryun / Liu, Xinxue / Voysey, Merryn / Pitzer, Virginia E / Zaman, K / Pollard, Andrew J / Qadri, Firdausi / Clemens, John D

    EClinicalMedicine

    2023  Volume 58, Page(s) 101925

    Abstract: Background: A cluster-randomised trial of Vi-tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) conjugate vaccine conducted in urban Bangladeshi children found a high level of direct protection by Vi-TT but no significant vaccine herd protection. We reassessed the trial using a " ... ...

    Abstract Background: A cluster-randomised trial of Vi-tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) conjugate vaccine conducted in urban Bangladeshi children found a high level of direct protection by Vi-TT but no significant vaccine herd protection. We reassessed the trial using a "fried egg" analysis to evaluate whether herd protection might have been obscured by transmission of typhoid into the clusters from the outside.
    Methods: A participant- and observer-blind, cluster-randomised trial was conducted between February 14, 2018 and August 12, 2019 in three wards of Mirpur, a densely populated urban area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Children 9 months to under 16 years of age in 150 geographic clusters, which had a total of 311,289 persons present at baseline or entering during follow-up, were randomised by cluster to a single-dose of Vi-TT or Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine. Vi-TT protection against typhoid fever, detected at 8 treatment centres serving the study population, was compared in the original clusters for the trial, and for progressively more central subclusters ("yolks" of the "fried egg") of the cluster residents. If transmission of typhoid into the clusters had diluted observed vaccine herd protection, we hypothesised that analysis of the innermost "yolks" would reveal vaccine herd protection that was not evident in analysis of the entire clusters. The trial is registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN11643110.
    Findings: At ≤18 months of follow-up, total vaccine effectiveness (protection of Vi-TT recipients relative to JE vaccine recipients) was 85% (95% CI: 76%, 90%); indirect effectiveness (protection of non-Vi-TT recipients in Vi-TT clusters relative to non-JE vaccine recipients in JE vaccine clusters) was 17% (95% CI: -13%, 40%); and overall effectiveness (protection of all residents in the Vi-TT clusters relative to all residents of the JE vaccine clusters) was 57% (95% CI: 44%, 66%). Analyses of subpopulations in inner 75%, 50% and 25% "yolks" of the clusters failed to reveal significant changes in any of these estimates.
    Interpretation: Our analysis did not reveal Vi-TT herd protection in the trial. Consideration should be given to exploring whether targeting adults as well as children with Vi-TT yields appreciable levels of vaccine herd protection.
    Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151153, INV-025388).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5370
    ISSN (online) 2589-5370
    DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101925
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  4. Article: Light and endogenous enzyme triggered plasmonic antennas for accurate subcellular molecular imaging with enhanced spatial resolution.

    Chen, Shuwei / Yin, Yue / Pang, Xiaozhe / Wang, Congkai / Wang, Lei / Wang, Junqi / Jia, Jiangfei / Liu, Xinxue / Xu, Shenghao / Luo, Xiliang

    Chemical science

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 566–572

    Abstract: Developing accurate tumor-specific molecular imaging approaches holds great potential for evaluating cancer progression. However, traditional molecular imaging approaches still suffer from restricted tumor specificity due to the "off-tumor" signal ... ...

    Abstract Developing accurate tumor-specific molecular imaging approaches holds great potential for evaluating cancer progression. However, traditional molecular imaging approaches still suffer from restricted tumor specificity due to the "off-tumor" signal leakage. In this work, we proposed light and endogenous APE1-triggered plasmonic antennas for accurate tumor-specific subcellular molecular imaging with enhanced spatial resolution. Light activation ensures subcellular molecular imaging and endogenous enzyme activation ensures tumor-specific molecular imaging. In addition, combined with the introduction of plasmon enhanced fluorescence (PEF), off-tumor signal leakage at the subcellular level was effectively reduced, resulting in the significantly enhanced discrimination ratio of tumor/normal cells (∼11.57-fold) which is better than in previous reports, demonstrating great prospects of these plasmonic antennas triggered by light and endogenous enzymes for tumor-specific molecular imaging at the subcellular level.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2559110-1
    ISSN 2041-6539 ; 2041-6520
    ISSN (online) 2041-6539
    ISSN 2041-6520
    DOI 10.1039/d3sc05728c
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Protocol for the challenge non-typhoidal

    Smith, Christopher / Smith, Emma / Rydlova, Anna / Varro, Robert / Hinton, Jay C D / Gordon, Melita A / Choy, Robert K M / Liu, Xinxue / Pollard, Andrew J / Chiu, Christopher / Cooke, Graham S / Gibani, Malick M

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e076477

    Abstract: Introduction: Invasive non-typhoidal : Methods and analysis: This double-blind, safety and dose-escalation study will randomise 40-80 healthy UK participants aged 18-50 to receive oral challenge with one of two strains of : Ethics and dissemination! ...

    Abstract Introduction: Invasive non-typhoidal
    Methods and analysis: This double-blind, safety and dose-escalation study will randomise 40-80 healthy UK participants aged 18-50 to receive oral challenge with one of two strains of
    Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the NHS Health Research Authority (London-Fulham Research Ethics Committee 21/PR/0051; IRAS Project ID 301659). The study findings will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at national/international stakeholder meetings. Study outcome summaries will be provided to both funders and participants.
    Trial registration number: NCT05870150.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Singing ; Salmonella ; Typhoid Fever ; London ; Vaccines ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076477
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  6. Article ; Online: Teachers' perception of the response to intervention implementation feasibility in Chinese inclusive early childhood education.

    Zhang, Lili / Liu, Xinxue / Lin, Yixin

    International journal of developmental disabilities

    2019  Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 387–395

    Abstract: This exploratory study examined Chinese teachers' perceptions of the practical uses of Response to Intervention (RTI) in preschool inclusive education settings. A survey and follow-up interviews were conducted to collect information about teachers' ... ...

    Abstract This exploratory study examined Chinese teachers' perceptions of the practical uses of Response to Intervention (RTI) in preschool inclusive education settings. A survey and follow-up interviews were conducted to collect information about teachers' perceptions of RTI implementation feasibility in Chinese inclusive early childhood education. Results indicated that even though preschool teachers had limited understanding of the RTI model, they held positive attitudes toward this model and were willing to participate in the learning of this model. However, teachers held negative attitudes toward use of the RTI model in the current situation. The influencing factors included cultural differences, different educational systems, teachers' knowledge and experience, inclusive education supporting system, and teachers' self-efficacy. It is recommended that Chinese teachers' colleges and normal universities could develop and offer more special education courses for the preschool education major in order to enhance the knowledge and skills of inclusive education for all early childhood education teachers. Preschools should build up better inclusive education supporting systems to enable and support teachers' practices. In addition, universities and colleges could provide more RTI model training seminars and learning opportunities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2625980-1
    ISSN 2047-3877 ; 2047-3869
    ISSN (online) 2047-3877
    ISSN 2047-3869
    DOI 10.1080/20473869.2019.1640995
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  7. Article ; Online: Impact of breast milk intake on body composition at term in very preterm babies: secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates randomised controlled trial.

    Li, Yangmei / Liu, Xinxue / Modi, Neena / Uthaya, Sabita

    Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition

    2018  Volume 104, Issue 3, Page(s) F306–F312

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate the impact of breast milk (BM) intake on body composition at term in very preterm infants.: Design: Preplanned secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates Study, a 2-by-2 factorial ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate the impact of breast milk (BM) intake on body composition at term in very preterm infants.
    Design: Preplanned secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates Study, a 2-by-2 factorial randomised controlled trial of preterm parenteral nutrition (PN).
    Setting: Four National Health Service hospitals in London and South-East England.
    Patients: Infants born at <31 weeks of gestation; infants with life-threatening congenital abnormalities and those unable to receive trial PN within 24 hours of birth were ineligible. 133 infants survived and underwent whole-body MRI at term (37-44 weeks postmenstrual age).
    Main outcome measures: Non-adipose tissue mass (non-ATM), ATM and ATM as a percentage of body weight (% ATM) at term.
    Results: Compared with the exclusively BM group (proportion of BM=100% milk, n=56), predominantly formula-fed infants (BM ≤50%, n=38) weighed 283.6 g (95% CI 121.6 to 445.6) more, had 257.4 g (139.1-375.7) more non-ATM and a greater positive weight Z-score change between birth and term. There were no significant differences in weight, non-ATM and weight Z-score change between the exclusively and predominantly BM (BM 51%-99%, n=39) groups. Compared with the exclusively BM group no significant differences were observed in ATM and %ATM in the predominantly BM and predominantly formula-fed groups.
    Conclusions: The slower weight gain of preterm infants fed BM appears to be due to a deficit in non-ATM and may reflect lower protein intake. Whether this pattern persists into childhood, is altered by BM fortification or later diet, or relates to functional outcomes, are important research questions.
    Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN29665319, post results.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology ; Anthropometry/methods ; Body Composition/physiology ; Body Weight/physiology ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Formula ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology ; Infant, Extremely Premature/growth & development ; Infant, Extremely Premature/physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Milk, Human ; Weight Gain/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2007331-8
    ISSN 1468-2052 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2052
    ISSN 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314625
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  8. Article ; Online: The Design and Analysis of Seroefficacy Studies for Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines.

    Liu, Xinxue / Pitzer, Virginia E / Pollard, Andrew J / Voysey, Merryn

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2019  Volume 68, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) S183–S190

    Abstract: Background: Demonstrating the efficacy of new Vi-conjugate typhoid vaccines is challenging, due to the cost of field trials requiring tens of thousands of participants. New trial designs that use serologically defined typhoid infections (seroefficacy ... ...

    Abstract Background: Demonstrating the efficacy of new Vi-conjugate typhoid vaccines is challenging, due to the cost of field trials requiring tens of thousands of participants. New trial designs that use serologically defined typhoid infections (seroefficacy trials) rather than blood culture positivity as a study endpoint may be useful to assess efficacy using small trials.
    Methods: We developed a model for Vi-immunoglobin G antibody responses to a Vi-vaccine, incorporating decay over time and natural boosting due to endemic exposures. From this, we simulated clinical trials in which 2 blood samples were taken during follow-up and the relative risk of a serologically defined typhoid infection (seroefficacy) was computed. We aimed to determine (1) whether seroefficacy trial designs could substantially reduce sample sizes, compared with trials using blood culture-confirmed cases; (3) whether the rate of case detection was higher in seroefficacy trials; and (3) the optimal timing of sample collection.
    Results: The majority (>90%) of blood culture-positive typhoid cases remain unobserved in surveillance studies. In contrast, under-detection in simulated seroefficacy trials of equivalent vaccines was as little as 26%, and estimates of the relative risk of typhoid infection were unbiased. For simulated trials of non-equivalent vaccines, relative risks were slightly inflated by at least 5%, depending on the sample collection times. Seroefficacy trials required as few as 460 participants per arm, compared with 10 000 per arm for trials using blood culture-confirmed cases.
    Conclusions: Seroefficacy trials can establish the efficacy of new conjugate vaccines using small trials that enroll hundreds rather than thousands of participants, and without the need for resource-intensive typhoid fever surveillance programs.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; Blood Culture/standards ; Blood Culture/statistics & numerical data ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology ; Salmonella typhi ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serologic Tests/standards ; Serologic Tests/statistics & numerical data ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Potency ; Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Bacterial ; Immunoglobulin G ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciy1119
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  9. Article ; Online: Evaluating the Impact of the BioFire FilmArray in Childhood Meningitis: An Observational Cohort Study.

    Kadambari, Seilesh / Feng, Shuo / Liu, Xinxue / Andersson, Monique / Waterfield, Rebecca / Fodder, Harriet / Jacquemot, Aimee / Galal, Ushma / Rafferty, Aisling / Drew, Richard J / Rodrigues, Charlene / Sadarangani, Manish / Riordan, Andrew / Martin, Natalie G / Defres, Sylviane / Solomon, Tom / Pollard, Andrew J / Paulus, Stephane

    The Pediatric infectious disease journal

    2024  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 345–349

    Abstract: Background: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays have the potential to reduce antibiotic use and shorten length of inpatient stay in children with suspected central nervous system infection by obtaining an early microbiological diagnosis. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays have the potential to reduce antibiotic use and shorten length of inpatient stay in children with suspected central nervous system infection by obtaining an early microbiological diagnosis. The clinical impact of the implementation of the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel on the management of childhood meningitis was evaluated at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford and Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street in Dublin.
    Methods: Children who had lumbar punctures performed as part of a septic screen were identified retrospectively through clinical discharge coding and microbiology databases from April 2017 to December 2018. Anonymized clinical and laboratory data were collected. Comparison of antibiotic use, length of stay and outcome at discharge was made with a historical cohort in Oxford (2012-2016), presenting before implementation of the FilmArray.
    Results: The study included 460 children who had a lumbar puncture as part of an evaluation for suspected central nervous system infection. Twelve bacterial cases were identified on the FilmArray that were not detected by conventional bacterial culture. Bacterial culture identified one additional case of bacterial meningitis, caused by Escherichia coli , which had not been identified on the FilmArray. Duration of antibiotics was shorter in children when FilmArray was used than before its implementation; enterovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 5 days), human parechovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 4.5 days) and culture/FilmArray-negative cerebrospinal fluid (median: 4 vs. 6 days).
    Conclusions: The use of a FilmArray can identify additional bacterial cases of meningitis in children that had been negative by traditional culture methods. Children with viral meningitis and culture-negative meningitis received shorter courses of antibiotics and had shorter hospital stays when FilmArray was used. Large studies to evaluate the clinical impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating the FilmArray into routine testing are warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Encephalitis/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Meningitis/microbiology ; Cohort Studies ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Bacteria/genetics ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Central Nervous System Infections/diagnosis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Meningitis, Viral/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392481-6
    ISSN 1532-0987 ; 0891-3668
    ISSN (online) 1532-0987
    ISSN 0891-3668
    DOI 10.1097/INF.0000000000004236
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  10. Article ; Online: Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination: initial reactogenicity data.

    Shaw, Robert H / Stuart, Arabella / Greenland, Melanie / Liu, Xinxue / Nguyen Van-Tam, Jonathan S / Snape, Matthew D

    Lancet (London, England)

    2021  Volume 397, Issue 10289, Page(s) 2043–2046

    MeSH term(s) BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Cross Protection/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Heterologous ; Immunization, Secondary/adverse effects ; Immunization, Secondary/methods ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Mass Vaccination/adverse effects ; Mass Vaccination/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (B5S3K2V0G8) ; BNT162 Vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01115-6
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