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  1. Article ; Online: Differential response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for Black/African American and White women in NCDB.

    Jones, Veronica / Schroeder, Mary C / Roberson, Mya L / De Andrade, James / Lizarraga, Ingrid M

    Breast cancer research and treatment

    2023  Volume 203, Issue 1, Page(s) 125–134

    Abstract: Purpose: Compared to White women, there are higher mortality rates in Black/African American (BAA) women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR + BC) which may be partially due to differences in treatment resistance. We assessed factors ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Compared to White women, there are higher mortality rates in Black/African American (BAA) women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR + BC) which may be partially due to differences in treatment resistance. We assessed factors associated with response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET).
    Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for women with clinical stage I-III HR + BC diagnosed 2006-2017 and treated with NET. Univariate and multivariate analyses described associations between the sample, duration of NET, and subsequent treatment response, defined by changes between clinical and pathological staging.
    Results: The analytic sample included 9864 White and 1090 BAA women. Compared to White women, BAA women were younger, had more co-morbidities, were higher stage at presentation, and more likely to have > 24 weeks of NET. After excluding those with unknown pT/N/M, 3521 White and 365 BAA women were evaluated for NET response. On multivariate analyses, controlling for age, stage, histology, HR positivity, and duration of NET, BAA women were more likely to downstage to pT0/Tis (OR 3.0, CI 1.2-7.1) and upstage to Stage IV (OR 2.4, CI 1.002-5.6). None of the women downstaged to pT0/Tis presented with clinical stage III disease; only 2 of the women upstaged to Stage IV disease presented with clinical Stage I disease.
    Conclusion: Independent of NET duration and clinical stage at presentation, BAA women were more likely to experience both complete tumor response and progression to metastatic disease. These results suggest significant heterogeneity in tumor biology and warrant a more nuanced therapeutic approach to HR + BC.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Black or African American ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; White
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604563-7
    ISSN 1573-7217 ; 0167-6806
    ISSN (online) 1573-7217
    ISSN 0167-6806
    DOI 10.1007/s10549-023-07106-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: ASO Author Reflections: Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Treatment Delay.

    Albright, Emily L / Lizarraga, Ingrid M

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2018  Volume 25, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 673–674

    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous ; Nipples/surgery ; Time-to-Treatment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-018-6971-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Rural-urban differences in secular trends of locoregional treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ: A patterns of care analysis.

    Riley, Danielle / Chrischilles, Elizabeth A / Lizarraga, Ingrid M / Charlton, Mary / Smith, Brian J / Lynch, Charles F

    Cancer medicine

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 11, Page(s) 2284–2295

    Abstract: Precis: Omission of PORT following BCS remains high among rural patients despite evidence that PORT leads to a significant reduction in the risk of local recurrence. Further research is needed to examine the impact of rural residence on treatment ... ...

    Abstract Precis: Omission of PORT following BCS remains high among rural patients despite evidence that PORT leads to a significant reduction in the risk of local recurrence. Further research is needed to examine the impact of rural residence on treatment choices and develop methods to ensure equitable care among all breast cancer patients.
    Background: Despite national guidelines, debate exists among clinicians regarding the optimal approach to treatment for patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). While regional variation in practice patterns has been well documented, population-based information on rural-urban treatment differences is lacking.
    Methods: Data from the SEER Patterns of Care studies were used to identify women diagnosed with histologically confirmed DCIS who underwent cancer-directed surgery in the years 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression to evaluate cancer-directed surgery and use of post-operative radiation therapy (PORT).
    Results: Of the 3337 patients who met inclusion criteria, 27% underwent mastectomy, 26% underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) without PORT, and 47% underwent BCS with PORT. After adjustment for other covariates, there was no difference in the likelihood of receiving mastectomy between rural and urban patients (aOR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.37-1.14). However, rural residents were more likely than urban residents to have mastectomy during 1991/1995 (aOR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.09-2.91; p
    Conclusions: Omission of PORT following BCS remains high among rural patients despite evidence that PORT leads to a significant reduction in the risk of local recurrence. Further research is needed to examine the impact of rural residence on treatment choices and develop methods to ensure equitable care among all breast cancer patients.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy/methods ; Mastectomy, Segmental/methods ; Rural Population
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2659751-2
    ISSN 2045-7634 ; 2045-7634
    ISSN (online) 2045-7634
    ISSN 2045-7634
    DOI 10.1002/cam4.4605
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Influence of rurality on lymph node assessment among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and treated with mastectomy, SEER 2000-2015.

    Riley, Danielle / Chrischilles, Elizabeth A / Lizarraga, Ingrid M / Charlton, Mary / Smith, Brian J / Lynch, Charles F

    Breast cancer research and treatment

    2022  Volume 192, Issue 1, Page(s) 211–222

    Abstract: Purpose: Despite recommendations from national organizations supporting the use of lymph node assessment (LNA) among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at time of mastectomy, variation in practice patterns across the United States has been ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Despite recommendations from national organizations supporting the use of lymph node assessment (LNA) among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at time of mastectomy, variation in practice patterns across the United States has been observed. However, few studies have evaluated LNA differences and rurality.
    Methods: Data from the SEER Patterns of Care studies were used to identify women who underwent mastectomy for newly diagnosed DCIS during 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between rural-urban residence and the use of LNA. A subgroup analysis was performed comparing the use of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) versus sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).
    Results: Of the 504 patients included in the analysis, approximately 81% underwent LNA at time of mastectomy with lower rates of use observed among rural patients (66%) versus urban patients (82%). In multivariate analysis, LNA increased over time (p < 0.0001), and rural patients were less likely to receive LNA compared to urban patients [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.66]. However, the likelihood of undergoing ALND relative to SLNB was lower among rural compared to urban patients (aOR = 0.16; 95% CI 0.03-0.73).
    Conclusions: Over time, the use of LNA with mastectomy has increased among DCIS patients. However, significant rural-urban differences in the use and type of LNA persist. The findings of this study highlight the importance of continued research aimed at examining the impact of rurality on the receipt of high-quality cancer care.
    MeSH term(s) Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes/surgery ; Mastectomy ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604563-7
    ISSN 1573-7217 ; 0167-6806
    ISSN (online) 1573-7217
    ISSN 0167-6806
    DOI 10.1007/s10549-021-06495-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Patterns of Evidence-Based Care for the Diagnosis, Staging, and First-line Treatment of Breast Cancer by Race-Ethnicity: A SEER-Medicare Study.

    Herbach, Emma L / Nash, Sarah H / Lizarraga, Ingrid M / Carnahan, Ryan M / Wang, Kai / Ogilvie, Amy C / Curran, Michaela / Charlton, Mary E

    Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 10, Page(s) 1312–1322

    Abstract: Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in guideline-recommended breast cancer treatment are well documented, however studies including diagnostic and staging procedures necessary to determine treatment indications are lacking. The purpose of this ... ...

    Abstract Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in guideline-recommended breast cancer treatment are well documented, however studies including diagnostic and staging procedures necessary to determine treatment indications are lacking. The purpose of this study was to characterize patterns in delivery of evidence-based services for the diagnosis, clinical workup, and first-line treatment of breast cancer by race-ethnicity.
    Methods: SEER-Medicare data were used to identify women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2000 and 2017 at age 66 or older (n = 2,15,605). Evidence-based services included diagnostic procedures (diagnostic mammography and breast biopsy), clinical workup (stage and grade determination, lymph node biopsy, and HR and HER2 status determination), and treatment initiation (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy). Poisson regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each service.
    Results: Black and American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) women had significantly lower rates of evidence-based care across the continuum from diagnostics through first-line treatment compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. AIAN women had the lowest rates of HER2-targeted therapy and hormone therapy initiation. While Black women also had lower initiation of HER2-targeted therapy than NHW, differences in hormone therapy were not observed.
    Conclusions: Our findings suggest patterns along the continuum of care from diagnostic procedures to treatment initiation may differ across race-ethnicity groups.
    Impact: Efforts to improve delivery of guideline-concordant treatment and mitigate racial-ethnic disparities in healthcare and survival should include procedures performed as part of the diagnosis, clinical workup, and staging processes.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Ethnicity ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Healthcare Disparities ; Hispanic or Latino ; Hormones ; Medicare ; SEER Program ; United States ; White ; Black or African American ; American Indian or Alaska Native
    Chemical Substances Hormones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1153420-5
    ISSN 1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
    ISSN (online) 1538-7755
    ISSN 1055-9965
    DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0218
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Improving cancer care locally: Study of a hospital affiliate network model

    Gao, Xiang / Schroeder, Mary C. / Lizarraga, Ingrid M. / Tolle, Cheri L. / Mullett, Timothy W. / Charlton, Mary E.

    Journal of rural health. 2022 Sept., v. 38, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: The University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network (MCCAN) increased access to high‐quality cancer care for patients treated in community hospitals across the state by leveraging the American College of Surgeons Commission on ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: The University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network (MCCAN) increased access to high‐quality cancer care for patients treated in community hospitals across the state by leveraging the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) standards to improve quality among its member sites. This study describes the network activities and services identified as most helpful or effective to its members, as well as the perceived value of joining MCCAN or pursing accreditation. METHODS: An independent research team conducted in‐depth, semistructured interviews with 18 administrators and clinicians from 10 MCCAN hospitals in 2019. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted. FINDINGS: Network affiliation and CoC accreditation were perceived as helpful to improving quality of care. Having both clinician and administrative champions were key facilitators to achieving CoC standards and made mentoring of member sites a critical activity of the Network. Other components identified as valuable and/or key to the Network's success included providing access to specific CoC‐required clinical services (eg, genetic counseling); offering regular performance monitoring and individualized feedback; establishing a culture of quality improvement; and fostering trust within the Network with patient referrals (ie, sending patients back to their local hospital for ongoing care). CONCLUSIONS: Quality improvement in community cancer programs is challenging but several strategies were identified by members as valuable and effective. Efforts to disseminate the MCCAN model should focus on identifying the needs of community hospitals, implementing a quality monitoring system, and fostering site‐level champions who can be influential drivers of change.
    Keywords hospitals ; mentoring ; models ; patients ; rural health ; Kentucky
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 827-837.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 639160-6
    ISSN 0890-765X
    ISSN 0890-765X
    DOI 10.1111/jrh.12639
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Rural comprehensive cancer care: Qualitative analysis of current challenges and opportunities.

    Evans, Sydney / Seaman, Aaron T / Johnson, Erin C / Engelbart, Jacklyn M / Gao, Xiang / Vikas, Praveen / Phadke, Sneha / Schroeder, Mary C / Lizarraga, Ingrid M / Charlton, Mary E

    The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: While limited resources can make high-quality, comprehensive, coordinated cancer care provision challenging in rural settings, rural cancer patients often rely on local hospitals for care. To develop resources and strategies to support high- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: While limited resources can make high-quality, comprehensive, coordinated cancer care provision challenging in rural settings, rural cancer patients often rely on local hospitals for care. To develop resources and strategies to support high-quality local cancer care, it is critical to understand the current experiences of rural cancer care physicians, including perceived strengths and challenges of providing cancer care in rural areas.  METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 cancer providers associated with all 12 non-metropolitan/rural Iowa hospitals that diagnose or treat >100 cancer patients annually. Iterative thematic analysis was conducted to develop domains.
    Findings: Participants identified geographic proximity and sense of community as strengths of local care. They described decision-making processes and challenges related to referring patients to larger centers for complex procedures, including a lack of dedicated navigators to facilitate and track transfers between institutions and occasional lack of respect from academic physicians. Participants reported a desire for strengthening collaborations with larger urban/academic cancer centers, including access to educational opportunities, shared resources and strategies to collect and monitor data on quality, and clinical trials.
    Conclusions: Rural cancer care providers are dedicated to providing high-quality care close to home for their patients and would welcome opportunities to increase collaboration with larger centers to improve coordination and comprehensiveness of care, collect and monitor data on quality of care, and access continuing education opportunities. Further research is needed to develop implementation approaches that will extend resources, services, and expertise to rural providers to facilitate high-quality cancer care for all cancer patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639160-6
    ISSN 1748-0361 ; 0890-765X
    ISSN (online) 1748-0361
    ISSN 0890-765X
    DOI 10.1111/jrh.12842
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Analysis of the Understanding and Worry about Lymphedema of Patients with Breast Cancer.

    Uhlmann, Rebecca A / Mott, Sarah L / Curry, Melissa / Phadke, Sneha / Sugg, Sonia L / Erdahl, Lillian M / Weigel, Ronald J / Lizarraga, Ingrid M

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 6428–6437

    Abstract: Background: Lymphedema is a potential lifelong sequela of breast cancer treatment. We sought to: (1) evaluate the worry and knowledge of patients about lymphedema, (2) quantify patients reporting lymphedema education and screening, and (3) determine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lymphedema is a potential lifelong sequela of breast cancer treatment. We sought to: (1) evaluate the worry and knowledge of patients about lymphedema, (2) quantify patients reporting lymphedema education and screening, and (3) determine willingness to participate in lymphedema screening and prevention programs.
    Patients and methods: A survey evaluating lymphedema-related knowledge and worry was sent to patients treated for stage 0-III breast cancer. Exclusion criteria included > 10 years since diagnosis, missing clinical staging, and those without axillary surgery. Responses were linked with clinicopathologic information.
    Results: Of 141 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 89% of those without lymphedema were not at all or slightly worried about lymphedema. Higher levels of worry were associated with clinical stage II-III disease [odds ratio (OR) 2.63, p = 0.03], a history of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (OR 4.58, p < 0.01), and employment (OR 2.21, p = 0.05). A total of 102 (72%) patients recalled receiving lymphedema education. Lymphedema knowledge was limited, with < 25% of respondents answering > 50% of the risk factor questions correctly. Worry and knowledge were not significantly associated. Of patients without lymphedema, 36% were interested in learning more about lymphedema and 64% were willing to participate in or learn more about a screening program. Most (66%) felt that lymphedema information should be provided before and after cancer treatment.
    Discussion: A majority of our breast cancer survivors had limited knowledge about lymphedema risk factors. While most patients were not worried about developing lymphedema, higher worry was seen in patients with a higher clinical stage at diagnosis, ALND, and employment. Our findings suggest potential targets and timing for patient-centered educational interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Axilla/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/complications ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision/adverse effects ; Lymphedema/surgery ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-022-12189-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Hospital Rurality and Gene Expression Profiling for Early-Stage Breast Cancer among Iowa Residents (2010-2018).

    Riley, Danielle / Charlton, Mary / Chrischilles, Elizabeth A / Lizarraga, Ingrid M / Phadke, Sneha / Smith, Brian J / Skibbe, Adam / Lynch, Charles F

    The breast journal

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 8582894

    Abstract: Objective: Given the challenges rural cancer patients face in accessing cancer care as well as the slower diffusion and adoption of new medical technologies among rural providers, the aim of our study was to examine trends in gene expression profiling ( ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Given the challenges rural cancer patients face in accessing cancer care as well as the slower diffusion and adoption of new medical technologies among rural providers, the aim of our study was to examine trends in gene expression profiling (GEP) testing and evaluate the association between hospital rurality and receipt of GEP testing.
    Methods: Data from the Iowa Cancer Registry (ICR) were used to identify women with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed breast cancer from 2010 through 2018 who met eligibility criteria for GEP testing. Patients were allocated to the hospitals where their most definitive surgical treatment was received, and Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes were used to categorize hospitals into urban (
    Results: Of 6,726 patients eligible for GEP test use, 46% (
    Conclusions: GEP testing continues to be underutilized, especially among those treated at small rural hospitals. Targeted interventions aimed at increasing rates of GEP testing to ensure the appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy may improve health outcomes and lower treatment-related costs.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Iowa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1289960-4
    ISSN 1524-4741 ; 1075-122X
    ISSN (online) 1524-4741
    ISSN 1075-122X
    DOI 10.1155/2022/8582894
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A Randomized Single-Blinded Study Comparing Preoperative with Post-Mastectomy PECS Block for Post-operative Pain Management in Bilateral Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction.

    Lizarraga, Ingrid M / Huang, K / Yalamuru, B / Mott, S L / Sibenaller, Z A / Keith, J N / Sugg, S L / Erdahl, L M / Seering, M

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 6010–6021

    Abstract: Background: Ultrasound-guided pectoralis muscle blocks (PECS I/II) are well established for postoperative pain control after mastectomy with reconstruction. However, optimal timing is unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled single-blinded single- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ultrasound-guided pectoralis muscle blocks (PECS I/II) are well established for postoperative pain control after mastectomy with reconstruction. However, optimal timing is unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled single-blinded single-institution trial comparing outcomes of block performed pre-incision versus post-mastectomy.
    Method: Patients with breast cancer undergoing bilateral mastectomy with immediate expander/implant reconstruction were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided PECS I/II either pre-incision (PreM, n = 17) or post-mastectomy and before reconstruction (PostM, n = 17). The primary outcome was the average pain score using the Numerical Rating Score during post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and inpatient stay, with the study powered to detect a difference in mean pain score of 2. Secondary outcomes included mean pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 2, 3, 7, 14, 90, and 180; pain catastrophizing scores; narcotic requirements; PACU/inpatient length of stay; block procedure time; and complications.
    Result: No significant differences between the two groups were noted in average pain score during PACU (p = 0.57) and 24-h inpatient stay (p = 0.33), in the 2 weeks after surgery at rest (p = 0.90) or during movement (p = 0.30), or at POD 90 and 180 at rest (p = 0.42) or during movement (p = 0.31). Median duration of block procedure (PreM 7 min versus PostM 6 min, p = 0.21) did not differ. Median PACU and inpatient length of stay were the same in each group. Inpatient narcotic requirements were similar, as were length of stay and post-surgical complication rates.
    Conclusion: Intraoperative ultrasound-guided PECS I/II block administered by surgeons following mastectomy had similar outcomes to preoperative blocks.
    Trial registration: This trial is registered with Clinical Research Information Service (NCT03653988).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Mastectomy/adverse effects ; Mastectomy/methods ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/complications ; Nerve Block/methods ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control ; Analgesics, Opioid
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-023-13890-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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